RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare vertebral implant placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine between 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides (3DPG) and the conventional freehand technique (FH). STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo study. ANIMALS: Cadaveric canine spines (n = 24). METHODS: Implant trajectories were established for the left and right sides of the T10 through L6 vertebrae based on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Customized drill guides were created for each vertebra of interest. Each cadaver was randomly assigned to one of six veterinarians with varying levels of experience placing vertebral implants. Vertebrae were randomly assigned a surgical order and technique (3DPG or FH) for both sides. Postoperative CT images were acquired. A single, blinded observer assessed pin placement using a modified Zdichavsky classification. RESULTS: A total of 480 implants were placed in 240 vertebrae. Three sites were excluded from the analysis; therefore, a total of 238 implants were evaluated using the FH technique and 239 implants using 3DPG. When evaluating implant placement, 152/239 (63.6%) of 3DPG implants were considered to have an acceptable placement in comparison with 115/248 (48.32%) with FH. Overall, pin placement using 3DPG was more likely to provide acceptable pin placement (p < .001) in comparison with the FH technique for surgeons at all levels of experience. CONCLUSION: The use of 3DPG was shown to be better than the conventional freehand technique regarding acceptable placement of implants in the thoracolumbar spine of canine cadavers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Utilizing 3DPG can be considered better than the traditional FH technique when placing implants in the canine thoracolumbar spine.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Fusión Vertebral , Cirugía Asistida por Computador , Animales , Perros , Cadáver , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Fusión Vertebral/instrumentación , Fusión Vertebral/métodos , Fusión Vertebral/veterinaria , Cirugía Asistida por Computador/instrumentación , Cirugía Asistida por Computador/métodos , Cirugía Asistida por Computador/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Distribución Aleatoria , Clavos OrtopédicosRESUMEN
A freshly dead juvenile bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), recovered from the waters near Sand Key, Clearwater, FL, was imaged postmortem using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging prior to conventional necropsy. The pattern of imaging findings in the brain was compatible with severe multifocal meningoencephalitis with intralesional necrosis and/or hemorrhage, and the pattern of imaging findings in the lungs was compatible with severe multifocal bronchopneumonia. The subsequent investigation included necropsy, histology, culture, and molecular diagnostics and demonstrated disseminated coinfection of dolphin morbillivirus and Aspergillus fumigatus. This is the first report documenting the cross-sectional imaging findings of this important cetacean comorbidity and demonstrates advances in modern, cooperative investigations of marine mammal mortality events.
Asunto(s)
Aspergilosis/veterinaria , Aspergillus fumigatus/aislamiento & purificación , Delfín Mular , Coinfección/veterinaria , Infecciones por Morbillivirus/veterinaria , Morbillivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Aspergilosis/diagnóstico , Aspergilosis/microbiología , Coinfección/diagnóstico , Coinfección/microbiología , Coinfección/virología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Infecciones por Morbillivirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Morbillivirus/virología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
Neoplastic diseases have rarely been reported in the family Pteropodidae, and primary malignant renal neoplasms are generally uncommon across animal species. This case series describes four cases of primary renal neoplasia: three renal cell carcinomas and one nephroblastoma in three species of pteropodid bats, specifically large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus, n = 2), straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum, n = 1), and a little golden-mantled flying fox (Pteropus pumilus, n = 1). Two of the cases were diagnosed antemortem using ultrasonography, computed tomography, and cytology; and one of these bats with a renal cell carcinoma was treated successfully with a unilateral nephrectomy. The remaining two cases were diagnosed at necropsy.
Asunto(s)
Quirópteros , Neoplasias Renales/veterinaria , Animales , Animales de Zoológico , Florida , Neoplasias Renales/etiología , Neoplasias Renales/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
The use of anti-toxin human monoclonal antibodies (HMab) as treatment for C. difficile infection has been investigated in animal models and human clinical trials as an alternative to or in combination with traditional antibiotic therapy. While HMab therapy appears to be a promising option, how systemically administered IgG antibodies protect the colonic mucosa during Clostridium difficile infection is unknown. Using the gnotobiotic piglet model of Clostridium difficile infection, we administered a mixture of anti-TcdA and anti-TcdB HMabs systemically to piglets infected with either pathogenic or non-pathogenic C. difficile strains. The HMabs were present throughout the small and large intestinal tissue of both groups, but significant HMabs were present in the lumen of the large intestines only in the pathogenic strain-infected group. Similarly, HMabs measured in the large intestine over a period of 2-4 days following antibody administration were not significantly different over time in the gut mucosa among the groups, but concentrations in the lumen of the large intestine were again consistently higher in the pathogenic strain-infected group. These results indicate that systemically administered HMab IgG reaches the gut mucosa during the course of CDI, protecting the host against systemic intoxication, and that leakage through the damaged colon likely protects the mucosa from further damage, allowing initiation of repair and recovery.