RESUMEN
Fluctuations in androgenic hormonal levels are noticeable through women's menstrual cycle. Changes in estrogen and progesterone have been shown to affect periodontium. Many women report an increase in gingival inflammation and discomfort associated with their menstrual cycle, most commonly before the menstrual period. Approximately 80% of women experience complaints of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) 7 to 10 days before menstruation. Therefore, the present study was carried out to check prevalence of PMS and its oral and periodontal manifestations in patients attending dental hospital. For the study, 100 systemically healthy women of reproductive age attending dental hospital were selected. Thorough recording of oral discomfort and associated symptoms during late luteal phase was done. Clinical parameters such as plaque index and gingival index were recorded. Thirty-seven females reported complaints suggestive of PMS. Oral changes during PMS were experienced by 59 females. Halitosis and oral ulcers were more frequent. Findings of the present study showed the possibility of influence of sex hormones on oral manifestations during premenstrual period.
RESUMEN
AIM: An apparatus named "laser pointer apparatus" is proposed for accurate iris positioning in a prosthetic eye. BACKGROUND: Loss of an eye leads to significant psychological stress due to functional disability and societal response to the facial disablement. Custom-made eye prosthesis is a good option to rehabilitate such defects. Inaccurately positioned iris in a prosthetic eye results in squint eye appearance leading to poor esthetics and poor psychological impact among such unfortunate patients. TECHNIQUE: A new apparatus called a laser pointer apparatus, which is an assembly of an occlusal plane analyzer, web camera, laser pointer, and software, has been introduced for iris positioning in a prosthetic eye. CONCLUSION: Iris positioning is one of the key steps in fabricating an eye prosthesis. Laser pointer apparatus is a reliable method for iris positioning in a prosthetic eye. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Positioning the iris to the ideal symmetrical position is a cardinal step in the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis. This article aims to introduce a "laser pointer apparatus" to orient iris in a prosthetic eye objectively to overcome the subjective errors.