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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage guided by ultrasound.Methods From June 2016 to June 2018,100 patients with obstructive jaundice in Lishui Central Hospital were treated with ultrasound -guided percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage.The success rate and postoperative complications of the patients were analyzed.Results Among 100 cases,98 cases were successful , 2 cases failed,and the failure rate was 2%.The success rate of one -time catheterization in 0.5-2.0 cm patients with intrahepatic bile duct diameter (98.91%) was significantly higher than that in intrahepatic bile duct diameter 0.3-0.4 cm patients(87.50%),compared with two different diameter puncture catheterization ,the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 ＝12.369, P ＜0.05 ).All 98 cases with successful puncture were followed up after operation (P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P＜0.05).The drainage tube was removed in 2 cases,bile duct infection was found in 2 cases,the remaining patients were unobstructed, and there were no obvious complications.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic catheterization and drainage for the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by malignant tumor is simple ,reliable,safe and effective, and has a certain clinical value.It is worthy of popularizing and application.

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Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage guided by ultrasound.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to June 2018, 100 patients with obstructive jaundice in Lishui Central Hospital were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage.The success rate and postoperative complications of the patients were analyzed.@*Results@#Among 100 cases, 98 cases were successful, 2 cases failed, and the failure rate was 2%.The success rate of one-time catheterization in 0.5-2.0 cm patients with intrahepatic bile duct diameter(98.91%) was significantly higher than that in intrahepatic bile duct diameter 0.3-0.4 cm patients(87.50%), compared with two different diameter puncture catheterization, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=12.369, P<0.05). All 98 cases with successful puncture were followed up after operation (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The drainage tube was removed in 2 cases, bile duct infection was found in 2 cases, the remaining patients were unobstructed, and there were no obvious complications.@*Conclusion@#Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic catheterization and drainage for the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by malignant tumor is simple, reliable, safe and effective, and has a certain clinical value.It is worthy of popularizing and application.

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Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound elastography combined with serum markers in the assessment of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis. Methods 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were randomly selected. All patients were given hepatic histopathological tests, serological tests, and ultrasound elastography. The liver biopsy results were taken as the final diagnosis results. The accuracy of classification of hepatitis B fibrosis by the combined diagnosis of ultrasound elastography and serum markers was observed. Results The total accuracy of the combined examination was 91.00％ with histological examination as the final results. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of the two examinations (P>0.05). The ultrasound elastography score and FIB4 score in the patients with hepatitis B fibrosis grade F1-F4 were increased along with the increase of grade, and there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound elastography combined with serum markers has an important clinical value in the assessment of the degree of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis. It is non-invasive, easy to operate and highly accurate, and can provide a reliable basis for disease diagnosis and staging.

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the detection rate and distribution characteristics of colorectal adenomas in Ningbo area of China, and to identify the risk factors for colorectal adenoma, in order to provide reference for colorectal cancer screening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study was performed among 8660 subjects undergoing colonoscopy in the Ningbo No.2 Hospital between January and December 2016, using a questionnaire, including demographic data (age, gender, height and weight), history of diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and family history of malignant neoplasm), lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, dietary bias on red meat, dietary bias on fruit and vegetables, dietary frequency of pickled food and physical activities), and intestinal early warning symptoms. All colonoscopically detected polyps were removed for histological examination. Polyps were histologically divided into non-adenomatous (hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps) and adenomatous polyps (tubular, villous, tubulovillous and serrated adenomas). Pathologic features were analyzed according to anatomical site. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for colorectal adenoma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 7077 subjects who received colonoscopic examination and completed the questionnaire survey were enrolled in this study. There were 3633 males and 3444 females with a median age of 53 (ranged 17 to 83) years. Adenoma detection rate was 15.6% (1103/7077) in all cases, 21.0%(762/3633) for males, and 9.9%(341/3444) for females(P=0.000). Detection rate of 6.2%(29/469) was recorded in individuals aged less than 30 years, 8.0%(87/1086) in those from 30 to 39 years, 12.1%(148/1222) in those from 40 to 49 years, 16.8%(272/1623) in those from 50 to 59 years, 20.4%(326/1601) in those from 60 to 69 years, and 22.4%(241/1076) in those ≥70 years. The detection rate increased according to age(P=0.000). A total of 1521 adenomas were detected in 1103 cases, including 1455 tubular adenomas, 33 tubulovillous adenomas, 9 villous adenomas and 24 serrated adenomas. Among 1521 adenomas, 44.1%(n=671) located in the right hemicolon, 39.0%(n=593) in the left hemicolon, and 16.9%(n=257) in the rectum. Significantly larger number of serrated adenomas and advanced adenomas (advanced adenoma was defined as any adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, diameter ≥10 mm or with villous component) was observed in the right hemicolon compared to left hemicolon and rectum [serrated adenomas: 2.5%(17/671) vs. 0.8% (5/593) and 0.8% (2/257), P=0.029; advanced adenoma: 9.2% (62/671) vs. 5.2% (31/953) and 6.6% (17/257), P=0.021]. Multivariate analysis showed that malely (P=0.003), elderly (P=0.000), obesity (P=0.014), smoking (P=0.001), alcohol (P=0.032), and family history of malignancy (P=0.000) were independent risk factors of colorectal adenoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In view of a higher detection rate of colorectal adenoma in population aged 40 to 49 years especially in male individuals, the starting age of colonoscopy screening may be advanced to 40 years old. People with family history of malignancy, obesity, and habit of smoking or drinking should be regarded as important subjects for colonoscopy screening. During colonoscopy screening, special emphasis should be given to right hemicolon.</p>

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In order to understand the cost of cancer in rural area, to evaluate the cost burden, the project content and treatment status. Typical sampling and random sampling survey are combined to investigate and account major expenditure and economic loss of cancer treatment and related items, analyzes its rationality and scientific, provide references for improving the level of cancer prevention and treatment.

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In order to reduce heavy burden of cancer on patients, families and social, it needs to raise special funds, apply regular screening for 45~65 years old group, achieve early detection and treatment of cancer, reduce medical expenses and economic loss of cancer greatly, reduce mental burden, establish the cancer prevention input-output model, calculates the economic benefits up to 1:9.89. It is proposed to establish the organization, improve the mechanism, expand the overall costs, secure the screening and popularize early detection and treatment.

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A resonance light scattering(RLS) method for the determination of critical micelle concentration(CMC) of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) was proposed. Under room temperature, the RLS intensity of the SDBS system increased with increasing SDBS concentration. And when the concentration of SDBS approached CMC, the RLS intensity had increased sharply. The RLS peaks were appeared at 330 nm and 396 nm, respectively. The plot of the RLS intensity at 396 nm versus SDBS concentration was S-Curve. The concentration of SDBS at the intersection point of two tangents to S-curve was considered as SBDS CMC. This result was consistent with the results of the pyrene probe fluorescence spectrometry and electrical conductivity method. The influences of the concentration of Ca2+ on the aggregation behave of SDBS and SDBS-emulsion OP(OP) systems were studied by the RLS method. The results indicated that the mixed

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Objective:To observe the dynamic changes in serum gastroanteric hormones in patients with stroke complicating stress upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in acute stage,the changes in acidity,and the changes in gastric empty and to investigate the pathogenetic link of stress pathological change of gastric mucous membrane in patients with stroke(Zhongzangfu,ZZF,中脏腑).Methods:In 20 cases with acute ZZF (Glasgow coma score 6-12 scores) who were all complicating upper gastroenteric bleeding within 24 hours of attack,the levels of motilin(MTL),somatostation(SS),and gastruins(GAS) were measured by radioimmunoassay at the first day (within 24 hours) and the fourth day (within 72-96 hours) respectively meanwhile the gastratube was plased and kept within 24 hours of attack to dynamically observe the pH of gastric juice and the condition of gastric emptying.Results:In comparison with control group the MTL level was significantly increased in patients at the first day of attack (P<0.05),the SS level significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the GSA level had not significant difference (P>0.05).Otherwise the pH (2.87±0.90） of gastric juice in comparison with control group has not significant difference (P>0.05).Among patients in 17 cases the gastric emptying time was prolonged.Even at the fourth day in patients the MTL level was still significantly increased (P<0.01),SS level decreased (P<0.05),and GAS level increased (P<0.01).Conclusions:The upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with acute ZZF is tightly associated with the changes in MTL and SS but the changes in GAS and gastric pH are not main factor.