RESUMEN
Xerosis is an extraordinarily common problem in dermatology. Despite the knowledge of well recognized aggravating factors, its etiology is an enigma, and the management of the condition is often suboptimal. Dry skin may be a manifestation of hypothyroidism. The nature of this association is reviewed, culminating in the speculation that topical thyroid hormone may represent a useful modality in euthyroid patients with xerosis or other disorders of keratinization.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Hormonas Tiroideas/administración & dosificación , Administración Tópica , Humanos , Modelos BiológicosAsunto(s)
Dermatitis por Contacto/etiología , Peces , Adulto , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Recreación , PielRESUMEN
Annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome (AE-SS) is believed to be the Asian counterpart of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) in white persons. We report the second case of a white person with AE-SS, diagnosed by clinical and serologic findings, as well as the absence of histologic criteria for SCLE. The diagnosis of AE-SS was established by symptoms of xerophthalmia and xerostomia, as well as by examination of skin and salivary gland biopsy specimens. Evaluation showed the presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) and anti-La(SS-B) autoantibody, with the presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibody against the 60-kd, but not the 52-kd, epitope, a pattern frequently seen in both the Asians with AE-SS and in white patients with SCLE. Both skin and sicca symptoms were alleviated with combination antimalarial therapy, which included hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine. This case demonstrates that AE-SS can occur in white patients and that the autoantibody profile is similar to that described in Asians with this disease.
Asunto(s)
Eritema/etiología , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Anciano , Autoanticuerpos/análisis , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Eritema/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Glándulas Salivales/patología , Piel/patología , Población BlancaAsunto(s)
Actinomycetaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Corazón/microbiología , Miocarditis/microbiología , Enfermedad de Whipple/microbiología , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/microbiología , Adulto , Cardiomegalia/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica , Miocarditis/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Whipple/diagnósticoRESUMEN
We developed an in vitro suspension co-culture system to examine the interaction of 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester purified cytotrophoblasts with human endometrium. Endometrium explants were added to cytotrophoblast cell suspensions and placed on an angled gyrating platform in a 37 degrees C incubator. When endometrium was cultured alone it was able to remain viable for up to 3 days. When trophoblasts were cultured alone, they formed small and large aggregates, and occasionally spherical shells with hollow centers. When trophoblasts and endometrium were cultured together, the trophoblasts adhered to the exposed stromal surfaces of the tissue fragments. The surface epithelium was not receptive to trophoblast attachment except in one experiment when day 19 endometrium was used for the co-incubation, suggesting that surface attachment is usually restricted. A common finding was the presence of an acellular zone in the endometrium only adjacent to the attached trophoblasts. We speculate that this zone may be caused by proteolysis and resynthesis of ECM proteins by the trophoblasts. Based on our results, this in vitro suspension should prove useful for examining those factors which: (1) induce endometrial permissiveness, (2) promote paracrine effects on the endometrium, and (3) facilitate human trophoblast invasion.
Asunto(s)
Comunicación Celular , Implantación del Embrión , Endometrio/fisiología , Trofoblastos/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Microscopía Electrónica , Necrosis/etiología , Progesterona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Trophoblast implantation, vascular remodeling, and maintenance of intervillous blood flow may depend on the regulated production of proteolytic enzymes such as plasminogen activator (PA). Since the functional activity of plasminogen activators is determined not only by the quantity of protease but also by levels of specific plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI), we examined trophoblasts both in vitro and in vivo for the presence of two PAIs, PAI-1 and PAI-2. Cytotrophoblasts were isolated from first trimester or term placentae, cultured, and immunocytochemically stained using specific anti-PAI antibodies. The antiserum against PAI-1 demonstrated prominent cell-surface staining and some cytoplasmic staining. The antiserum generated against PAI-2 revealed a cytoplasmic localization, with some trophoblasts staining intensely, whereas others had no apparent reactivity. We also found that cultured cytotrophoblasts contain the mRNAs for PAI-1 and PAI-2. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections from 8-, 16-, and 40-week implantation sites using antisera against PAI-1 demonstrated weak staining of villous syncytiotrophoblasts but prominent cytoplasmic staining of trophoblasts invading the decidua and myometrium. Antisera against PAI-2 stained the cytoplasm of villous syncytiotrophoblasts, but no staining was evident in villous cytotrophoblasts or in invading trophoblasts. We conclude that 1) human trophoblasts can express both PAI-1 and PAI-2 in vitro and in vivo and 2) prominent PAI-1 immunostaining defines invading trophoblasts, whereas PAI-2 is the predominant PAI accumulated in villous syncytiotrophoblasts. Thus, the various trophoblast forms have distinctive patterns of PAI expression.