RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To prevent the development of postoperative urethral fistula and to correct bifid scrotum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven boys with scrotal hypospadias were treated by this technique, which consists of raising a vascularized skin flap from the internal surface of each hemiscrotum, which is then de-epithelialized and closed over the urethroplasty. RESULTS: Two of the 11 patients developed fistulas that resolved spontaneously with a better cosmetic appearance of the scrotum. CONCLUSION: This technique appears to be very effective in the prevention of postoperative urethral fistula, and also allows correction of bifid scrotum.
Asunto(s)
Hipospadias/cirugía , Preescolar , Endotelio , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Escroto , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodosAsunto(s)
Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/ultraestructura , Plastidios/metabolismo , Carotenoides/biosíntesis , Carotenoides/genética , Fraccionamiento Celular/métodos , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , ADN de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Genes de Plantas , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/genética , Plastidios/química , Dióxido de Silicio , SolucionesRESUMEN
Plant geneticists have determined that the color of ripe fruits of sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) is determined by four genes: y, c1, c2 and cl. We have compared the electrophoretic behavior of chromoplast membrane proteins of seven varieties of C. annuum which differ in these genes. ChrA was detected only in the varieties that had a y+ genotype, and was not affected by variations in the other three genes. The identity of ChrA was verified by probing blots of SDS gels with antiserum to ChrA. The second known chromoplast-specific protein, ChrB, was found to be independent of all four genes. No proteins correlating with c1, c2 or cl were detected in either one- or two-dimensional gels.
Asunto(s)
Capsicum/genética , Dimetilaliltranstransferasa/análisis , Orgánulos/enzimología , Plantas Medicinales , Capsicum/enzimología , Color , GenotipoRESUMEN
Chromoplasts of Capsicum annuum var Albino contain a carotenoid-protein complex, which migrates as a brilliant orange band in gels under conditions of nondenaturing electrophoresis. In a second, denaturing separation, the complex resolves into a principal protein (ChrA) of 58 kilodaltons and several minor proteins of 20 to 55 kilodaltons, which may be adventitiously associated. Analysis of Western blots of both one- and two-dimensional gels showed that the principal protein component of the carotenoid complex is ChrA, a protein previously shown to be located specifically in chromoplast membranes. The identification of ChrA as a carotenoid-binding protein appears to be the first instance of a nonthylakoid, carotenoid-binding protein in higher plants.
RESUMEN
The time-course of accumuiation of two membrane proteins during fruit ripening was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blots in tissue extracts of Capsicum annuum L., vars Emerald Giant, Albino, and DNAP VS-12. The proteins, named ChrA and ChrB, were previously shown to occur specifically in chromoplasts. Fruit development was divided into five stages based on changes in color. ChrA was not detectable in the first three stages, but accumulated to a high level in the fully mature, red fruit. ChrB was not detectable in the first, mature-green stage of fruit maturation, but was found in the second stage, when carotenoid accumulation first appeared, and in all later stages. The patterns of accumulation in chromoplasts that develop from proplastids or leucoplasts are similar to those in chromoplasts that develop from chloroplasts. We conclude that ChrA and ChrB are probably synthesized de novo during chromoplast development.
RESUMEN
Chromoplasts are a common differentiation state of plastids in which the photosynthetic apparatus is absent and carotenoids accumulate to high levels. As a first step toward the isolation of chromoplast-specific genes, we have examined plastids of the bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L., for the presence of chromoplast-specific proteins. Intact chromoplasts were isolated from mature fruits of C. annuum var Emerald Giant, Golden Cal Wonder, and DNAP VS-12 by differential centrifugation followed by isopycnic sedimentation in gradients of silica sols. The plastids were then fractionated into soluble and membrane components and the proteins analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea gels. Two polypeptides with M(r) of 35,000 and 58,000 accumulate to high levels in membrane fractions of chromoplasts of var Emerald Giant. These polypeptides are either not detectable or barely detectable in chloroplasts from immature fruits. Both polypeptides have been purified to near homogeneity. Yellow chromoplasts from var Golden Cal Wonder and red chromoplasts from var DNAP VS-12 contained the 35-kilodalton polypeptide, but not the 58-kilodalton species.