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Magnetizing the surface states of topological insulators without damaging their topological features is a crucial step for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect and remains a challenging task. The TI-ferromagnetic material interface system was constructed and studied by the density functional theory (DFT). A two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor CrWI6 has been proven to effectively magnetize topological surface states (TSSs) via the magnetic proximity effect. The non-trivial phase was identified in the Bi2Se3 (BS) films with six quantum layers (QL) within the CrWI6/BS/CrWI6 heterostructure. BS thin films exhibit the generation of spin splitting near the TSSs, and a band gap of approximately 2.9 meV is observed at the Γ in the Brillouin zone; by adjusting the interface distance of the heterostructure, we increased the non-trivial band gap to 7.9 meV, indicating that applying external pressure is conducive to realizing the QAH effect. Furthermore, the topological non-triviality of CrWI6/6QL-BS/CrWI6 is confirmed by the nonzero Chern number. This study furnishes a valuable guideline for the implementation of the QAH effect at elevated temperatures within heterostructures comprising two-dimensional (2D) magnetic monolayers (MLs) and topological insulators.

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BACKGROUND: The effect of the number of lymph node dissections (LNDs) during radical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) on overall survival (OS) remains controversial. AIM: To investigate the association between the number of LNDs and OS in patients with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage I-II CRC undergoing radical resection. METHODS: Patients who underwent radical resection for CRC at a single-center hospital between January 2011 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of OS at different T stages. RESULTS: A total of 2850 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for CRC were enrolled. At stage T1, age [P < 0.01, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.134] and tumour size (P = 0.021, HR = 3.635, 95%CI: 1.210-10.917) were independent risk factors for OS. At stage T2, age (P < 0.01, HR = 1.064, 95%CI: 1.032-1.098) and overall complications (P = 0.012, HR = 2.297, 95%CI: 1.200-4.397) were independent risk factors for OS. At stage T3, only age (P < 0.01, HR = 1.047, 95%CI: 1.027-1.066) was an independent risk factor for OS. At stage T4, age (P < 0.01, HR = 1.057, 95%CI: 1.039-1.075) and body mass index (P = 0. 034, HR = 0.941, 95%CI: 0.890-0.995) were independent risk factors for OS. However, there was no association between LNDs and OS in stages I and II. CONCLUSION: The number of LDNs did not affect the survival of patients with TNM stages I and II CRC. Therefore, insufficient LNDs should not be a cause for alarm during the surgery.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop an orthodontic cement containing chitosan and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and to investigate its antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. METHODS:  Chitosan and MPC were incorporated into commercial cement. The enamel bonding strength and biocompatibility of the new cement were evaluated. The antibacterial properties were assessed by examining biofilm metabolic activity and colony-forming units (CFU). An evaluation of the protein repellency of the cement was also conducted. RESULTS:  The new cement containing chitosan and MPC had clinically acceptable bonding strength. In comparison to the control, the novel cement demonstrated enhanced protein-repellent properties (p < 0.05), inhibited biofilm metabolic activity (p < 0.05), and reduced CFU counts (p < 0.05) without diminishing cell viability in response to cement extracts (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:  The synergistic application of chitosan and MPC endows the cement with potent antibacterial abilities, protein repellency, and favorable biocompatibility.

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Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy in women and lacks safe and efficient treatment. The novel biomaterial, recombinant humanized collagen type III (rhCOLIII), has been reported to have various biological functions, but its role in OC is unclear. This study aimed to reveal the function and mechanism of action of rhCOLIII in OC. We developed an injectable recombinant human collagen (rhCOL)-derived material with a molecular weight of 45 kDa, with a stable triple helix structure, high biocompatibility, water solubility and biosafety. The anti-tumor activity of rhCOLIII was comprehensively evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, our results showed that rhCOLIII inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (OCCs), and induced apoptosis. In addition, rhCOLIII not only inhibited autophagy of OCCs but also increased the expression of MHC-1 molecule within OCCs. To further elucidate the mechanism of rhCOLIII in OC, we conducted joint analysis of RNA-Seq and proteomics, and found that rhCOLIII exerted anti-tumor function and autophagy inhibition by downregulating Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1). Furthermore, various rescue experiments were designed to demonstrate that rhCOLIII suppressed autophagy and proliferation of OCCs by mediating GSTP1. In vivo, we found that rhCOLIII could inhibit tumor growth and promote CD8+ T cell infiltration. Our results indicate that rhCOLIII has great anti-tumor potential activity in OC, and induces protective anti-tumor immunity by regulating autophagy through GSTP1. These findings illustrate the potential therapeutic prospects of rhCOLIII for OC treatment.

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Neuropathic pain results from damage to nerves or the brain, and is characterized by symptoms such as allodynia, spontaneous pain, and hyperalgesia. The causes of this type of pain are intricate, which can make it difficult to treat. Sodium aescinate (SA), a natural extract from horse chestnut tree seeds, has been shown to act as a neuroprotector by inhibiting microglia activation. This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of SA for neuropathic pain and the molecular mechanisms regulated by SA treatment. Through in vivo animal models and experiments, we found that SA treatment significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain models. Additionally, SA inhibited O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT)-induced O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) modification in neuropathic pain mice. OGT overexpression could impede the therapeutic effects of SA on neuropathic pain. Further investigation revealed that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), stabilized by OGT-induced O-GlcNAc modification, could activate the Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Further in vivo experiments demonstrated that TLR3-mediated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation is involved in SA-mediated relief of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, this study uncovers a novel molecular pathway deactivated by SA treatment in neuropathic pain.

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Chromosomal DNA replication is a fundamental process of life, involving the assembly of complex machinery and dynamic regulation. In this study, we reconstructed a bacterial replication module (pRC) by artificially clustering 23 genes involved in DNA replication and sequentially deleting these genes from their naturally scattered loci on the chromosome of Escherichia coli. The integration of pRC into the chromosome, moving from positions farther away to close to the replication origin, leads to an enhanced efficiency in DNA synthesis, varying from lower to higher. Strains containing replication modules exhibited increased DNA replication by accelerating the replication fork movement and initiating chromosomal replication earlier in the replication cycle. The minimized module pRC16, containing only replisome and elongation encoding genes, exhibited chromosomal DNA replication efficiency comparable to that of pRC. The replication module demonstrated robust and rapid DNA replication, regardless of growth conditions. Moreover, the replication module is plug-and-play, and integrating it into Mb-sized extrachromosomal plasmids improves their genetic stability. Our findings indicate that DNA replication, being a fundamental life process, can be artificially reconstructed into replication functional modules. This suggests potential applications in DNA replication and the construction of synthetic modular genomes.

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Background: Sleep traits have been linked to diseases; particularly, their impact on cancer has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate whether sleep traits have a causal relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). Methods: Genetic instrumental variables (IVs) for seven sleep traits (sleep duration, ease of getting up in the morning, morning chronotype, daytime napping, insomnia symptoms, snoring, and daytime dozing) were selected from pooled data from published genome-wide association studies (GSWSs). Two-sample multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess the causal association between sleep traits and CRC. Reverse MR analyses were performed to determine the causal relationship between CRC and sleep traits. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted medians were calculated for all MR analyses. Results: The multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis found that appropriate sleep duration [odds ratio (OR) =0.989; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.980, 0.999; P=0.04] and ease of getting up in the morning (OR =0.990; 95% CI: 0.980, 1.000; P=0.04) were protective factors for CRC. Snoring (OR =1.021; 95% CI: 1.002, 1.041; P=0.03) was associated with the risk of CRC. Ease of getting up in the morning (OR =0.990; 95% CI: 0.983, 0.997; P=0.003) was associated with reduced risk of colon cancer. Morning chronotype (OR =1.004; 95% CI: 1.000, 1.007; P=0.04) was associated with the risk of colon cancer. Insomnia symptoms (OR =0.995; 95% CI: 0.990, 0.999; P=0.03) were a protective factor for rectal cancer. There was no evidence found for a causal association between other sleep traits and CRC, colon, or rectal cancer. Conclusions: Proper sleep duration and ease of getting up in the morning may be protective factors against CRC, and snoring may increase the risk of CRC.

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BACKGROUND: Behavioral and emotional problems are common and often co-occur during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the network structures of behavioral and emotional problems of children and adolescents in China based on a national survey. METHODS: The Parent version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess behavioral and emotional problems. To account for potential confounding factors between boys and girls, propensity score matching was utilized. Network model differences were assessed with a Network Comparison Test (NCT). RESULTS: Data from 60,715 children and adolescents were included for analyses. Boys exhibited more severe total behavioral and emotional problems compared to girls. While several edges showed significant differences between boys and girls, the strongest association was consistently found between "Attention problems" (CBCL6) and "Aggressive behavior"(CBCL8) in both boys and girls, regardless of age. Network centrality was higher among adolescents compared to children. The most central problems commonly found across different genders and age groups were "Aggressive behavior" (CBCL8) (centrality values were 1.142 for boys aged 6-11 years, 1.051 for boys aged 12-16 years, 1.148 for girls aged 6-11 years, and 1.028 for girls aged 12-16 years), "Anxious/depressed" (CBCL1) (centrality values of 0.892 for boys aged between 6 and 11 years, 1.031 for boys aged 12-16 years, 0.951 for girls aged 6-11 years, and 1.099 for girls aged 12-16 years) and "Social problems" (CBCL4) (centrality values of 1.080 for boys aged 6-11 years, 0.978 for boys aged 12-16 years, 1.086 for girls aged between 6 and 11 years, and 0.929 for girls aged 12-16 years). CONCLUSION: Development of interventions that address aggressive behavior, anxiety/depression, and social problems may be beneficial for reducing risk of psychopathology among children and adolescents.

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Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) have demonstrated great promise for applications in the generation of electricity, and the synthesis of chemicals (for example, ethylene). However, enhancing the electrochemical reactions kinetics and stability of PCECs electrodes is one grand challenge. Here, we present a novel electrode material via a co-doping of cesium (Cs) and niobium (Nb) on PrBaCo2O6-δ with the composition of PrBa0.9Cs0.1Co1.9Nb0.1O6-δ (PBCCN), which naturally decomposes into dual phases of a double-perovskite PBCCN (DP-PBCCN, ∼92.3 wt%) and a single-perovskite Ba0.9Cs0.1Co0.95Nb0.05O3-δ (SP-BCCN, ∼7.7 wt%) under typical powder processing conditions. PBCCN exhibits a low area-specific resistance (ASR) value of 0.107 Ω cm2, an outstanding performance of 2.04 W cm-2 in fuel cell (FC) mode, a current density of -2.84 A cm-2 at 1.3 V in electrolysis cell (EC) mode, and promising reversible operational durability of 53 cycles in ∼212 h at +/- 0.5 A cm-2 and 650 °C. Cs doping generates more oxygen vacancies and accelerates the oxygen exchange kinetics, while Nb doping effectively enhances the stability, as illustrated by the analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity relaxations. When applied as the positrode for electrochemical non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2H6) to ethylene (C2H4) on PCECs, it displays an encouraging C2H6 conversion of 12.75% and a C2H4 selectivity of 98.4% at 1.2 V.

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Exposure to Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) accelerates aging, causing declines in tissue and organ function, and leading to diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and musculoskeletal disorders. PM2.5 is a major environmental pollutant and an exogenous pathogen in air pollution that is now recognized as an accelerator of human aging and a predisposing factor for several age-related diseases. In this paper, we seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which PM2.5 induces cellular senescence, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Our goal is to increase awareness among researchers within the field of the toxicity of environmental pollutants and to advocate for personal and public health initiatives to curb their production and enhance population protection. Through these endeavors, we aim to promote longevity and health in older adults.

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Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) have received considerable attention as they can directly generate electricity and/or produce chemicals. Development of the electrodes with the trifunctionalities of oxygen reduction/evolution and nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation is yet challenging. Here these findings are reported in the design of trifunctional electrodes for PCECs with a detailed composition of Mn0.9Cs0.1Co2O4-δ (MCCO) and Co3O4 (CO) (MCCO-CO, 8:2 mass ratio). At 600 °C, the MCCO-CO electrode exhibits a low area-specific resistance of 0.382 Ω cm2 and reasonable stability for ≈105 h with no obvious degradation. The single cell with the MCCO-CO electrode shows an encouraging peak power density of 1.73 W cm-2 in the fuel cell (FC) mode and a current density of -3.93 A cm-2 at 1.3 V in the electrolysis cell (EC) mode at 700 °C. Moreover, the MCCO-CO cell displays promising operational stability in FC mode (223 h), EC mode (209 h), and reversible cycling stability (52 cycles, 208 h) at 650 °C. The MCCO-CO single cell shows an encouraging ethane conversion to ethylene (with a conversion of 40.3% and selectivity of 94%) and excellent H2 production rates of 4.65 mL min-1 cm-2 at 1.5 V and 700 °C, respectively, with reasonable Faradaic efficiencies.

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The metastasis of cancer cells is a principal cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. The combination of a cytosensor and photothermal therapy (PTT) cannot completely eliminate cancer cells at one time. Hence, this study aimed to design a localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR)-based aptasensor for a circuit of cytosensing-PTT (COCP). This was achieved by coating a novel sandwich layer of polydopamine/gold nanoparticles/polydopamine (PDA/AuNPs/PDA) around the Ω-shaped fiber-optic (Ω-FO). The short-wavelength peak of the sandwich layer with strong resonance exhibited a high refractive index sensitivity (RIS). The modification with the T-shaped aptamer endowed FO-LSPR with unique characteristics of time-dependent sensitivity enhancement behavior for a sensitive cytosensor with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 13 cells/mL. The long-wavelength resonance peak in the sandwich layer appears in the near-infrared region. Hence, the rate of increased localized temperature of FO-LSPR was 160 and 30-fold higher than that of the bare and PDA-coated FO, indicating strong photothermal conversion efficiency. After considering the localized temperature distribution around the FO under the flow environment, the FO-LSPR-enabled aptasensor killed 77.6% of cancer cells in simulated blood circulation after five cycles of COCP. The FO-LSPR-enabled aptasensor improved the efficiency of the cytosensor and PTT to effectively kill cancer cells, showing significant potential for application in inhibiting cancer metastasis.

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Self-powered photodetectors with bipolar photoresponse characteristics are expected to play a critical role in the field of secure optical communication, artificial neuromorphic systems, and intelligent color sensors. In this work, asymmetric heterojunction devices exhibiting wavelength-dependent bipolar photoresponse with a structure of Glass/FTO/CdSe/Bi2Se3/Au were fabricated. Under a short wavelength light irradiation, the top CdSe absorber generates a high carrier concentration; the excited carriers are quickly separated by the built-in electric field induced by the FTO/CdSe diode, resulting in a negative photocurrent. For light with wavelengths beyond the CdSe absorption edge, it is absorbed by the bottom Bi2Se3 absorber, and a positive photocurrent can be observed. Therefore, based on the bandgap difference between the top CdSe absorber and the bottom Bi2Se3 absorber, combined with the photogenerated carriers separated by asymmetric back-to-back diode, a wavelength-dependent bipolar response is realized. In this work, by employing this structure, the responsivities of -33.3 and 0.3 mA/W were achieved under the illumination of 405 and 830 nm, respectively. This work provides important indications in the preparation and performance optimization for wavelength-dependent bipolar photodetectors.

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BACKGROUND: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common brain lesion associated with severe sepsis, for which ferroptosis is a key driving factor. Thus, suppressing ferroptosis may be an effective strategy for treating SAE. Quercetin (QUE) is a natural flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its role on ferroptosis in SAE remains unclear. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of QUE on cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-induced SAE. METHODS: In vivo and in vitro SAE models were established using CLP and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. Both models underwent pre-treatment with QUE. RESULTS: QUE attenuated CLP-induced symptoms, including temperature changes, neurological severity scores, learning and memory dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine release, and microglia activation in SAE mice, and inhibited LPS-induced microglia recruitment and chemotaxis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2)/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) axis may play a key role in QUE-mediated protection against SAE. Moreover, QUE significantly inhibited LPS-induced CXCL2 up-regulation and protein secretion from microglia. Recombinant mouse-derived CXCL2 (rmCXCL2) promoted inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling activation, and microglia recruitment and chemotaxis. Furthermore, rmCXCL2 induced ferroptosis in mouse hippocampal neurons, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde levels, decreased glutathione levels, excessive iron uptake, and altered ferroptosis-related protein expression. The CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 effectively reversed the effects of rmCXCL2. Importantly, in vivo experiments further demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of QUE on SAE was inhibited by rmCXCL2. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CXCL2 secreted by activated microglia mediates microglia self-activation and induces hippocampal neuronal ferroptosis via CXCR2 and that QUE exerts neuroprotective effects on SAE by blocking interactions between microglia and neurons via CXCL2/CXCR2 pathway inhibition.

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Two new carbon skeleton compounds, identified as 2-(1-(3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-methylpropoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol named Olerapyran A (1), and (E)-3-(6-acetyl-2-methyl-5-((3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)cyclooctylidene)butan-2-one named Oleraoctyl (2), were first isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., then their structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, including UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS, 1D and 2D NMR. In addition, the activities of Olerapyran A and Oleraoctyl inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) were studied.

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BACKGROUND: Chinese giant salamander protein hydrolysates (CGSPH) are beneficial to human health as a result of their high content of amino acids and peptides. However, the formation of bitter peptides in protein hydrolysates (PHs) would hinder their application in food industry. The ultrasound assisted wet-heating Maillard reaction (MR) is an effective way to improve the flavor of PHs. Thus, the effect of ultrasonic assisted wet-heating MR on the structure and flavor of CGSPH was investigated in the present study. RESULTS: The results indicated that the ultrasound assisted wet-heating MR products (MRPs) exhibited a higher degree of graft and more significant changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of CGSPH compared to traditional wet-heating MRPs. Moreover, ultrasound assisted wet-heating MR could significantly increase the content of small molecule peptides and reduce the content of free amino acids of CGSPH, which resulted in more significant changes in flavor characteristics. The changed in flavor properties after MR (especially ultrasound assisted wet-heating MRPs) were mainly manifested by a significant reduction in bitterness, as well as a significant increase in the content of aromatic aldehyde ester compounds such as furan-2-carbaldehyde, butanal, benzaldehyde, furfural, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound assisted wet-heating MR between CGSPH and xylose could be a promising way to improve the sensory characteristics of CGSPH. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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PURPOSE: To summarize the findings of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the potential effect of aromatase inhibitors on preventing moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: We searched for relevant RCTs in electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to August 2023). In addition, we manually searched the related reviews and reference lists of included studies for further relevant studies. We included RCTs where aromatase inhibitors prescribed either during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) or in early luteal phase. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate to severe OHSS. A descriptive analysis was conducted in cases where a meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity or lack of comparable data. RESULTS: 2858 records were retrieved and 12 RCTs were finally included. Letrozole was administered in the treatment group during COS in seven RCTs, whereas in the early luteal phase in five RCTs. Compared with the control group, the risk of moderate to severe OHSS significantly reduced by 55% in the letrozole group (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.64, I2 = 0%, 5 RCTs, 494 patients). Moreover, serum estradiol (E2) levels on hCG trigger day significantly decreased with the administration of letrozole during COS (MD -847.23, 95% CI -1398.00 to -296.47, I2 = 93%, 5 RCTs, 374 patients). And serum E2 levels on the 4th, 5th and 7th to 10th day after hCG trigger were also significantly lower than those in the control group when letrozole was administered in the early luteal phase. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high risk of OHSS probably benefit from letrozole, which has been revealed to reduce the incidence of moderate to severe OHSS by this systematic review. However, the very limited number of participants and the quality of the included studies does not allow to recommend letrozole for the prevention of severe OHSS.

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PURPOSE: Currently, there is no consensus regarding whether super-elderly (aged > 80 years) patients are suitable candidates for laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to analyse the short-term outcomes and oncological prognosis of laparoscopic gastrectomy in super-elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Following PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines, we searched the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Pubmed databases from inception until May 2024 and performed a meta-analysis. All published studies exploring the surgical outcomes and oncological prognosis of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy in super-elderly patients with GC were reviewed. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS: A total of 1,085 studies were retrieved, eight of which were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 807 patients > 80 years of age with GC. The meta-analysis showed that compared with open gastrectomy, patients with GC > 80 years old who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy had a longer operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 30.48, p < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (WMD = -166.96, P < 0.001), shorter postoperative exhaust time (WMD =-0.83, p < 0.001), shorter length of stay (WMD = -0.78, p < 0.001), fewer overall complications (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.54, p = 0.003), higher 5-year overall survival rate (OR = 1.66, p = 0.03) and disease-specific survival rate (OR = 3.23, p < 0.001). Furthermore, laparoscopic gastrectomy did not significantly affect the number of lymph node dissections, the rate of D2 radical gastrectomy, major postoperative complications, or postoperative pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to open gastrectomy, patients with GC aged > 80 years who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy may have better short-term outcomes. Age should not be a contraindication for minimally invasive surgery.

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Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECO2R) has been considered as a promising approach to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. CO2 loss in conventional alkaline electrolyzers has been recognized as a major obstacle that compromising the efficiency of the ECO2R system. This review firstly conducts an in-depth assessment of the origin and influence of CO2 loss. On this basis, this work summarizes electrolyzer configurations based on novel material and structure design that are capable of tackling CO2 loss, including acidic electrolyzer, bipolar membrane (BPM) derived electrolyzer, cascade electrolyzer, liquid-phase-anode electrolyzer, and liquid-fed electrolyzer. The design strategies and challenges of these carbon efficient electrolyzers have been deliberated in detail. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and limitations of various electrolyzer designs, this work aims to provide some guidelines for the development of efficient ECO2R technology toward large-scale industrial application.

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Random feature (RF) has been widely used for node consistency in decentralized kernel ridge regression (KRR). Currently, the consistency is guaranteed by imposing constraints on coefficients of features, necessitating that the RFs on different nodes are identical. However, in many applications, data on different nodes vary significantly on the number or distribution, which calls for adaptive and data-dependent methods that generate different RFs. To tackle the essential difficulty, we propose a new decentralized KRR algorithm that pursues consensus on decision functions, which allows great flexibility and well adapts data on nodes. The convergence is rigorously given, and the effectiveness is numerically verified: by capturing the characteristics of the data on each node, while maintaining the same communication costs as other methods, we achieved an average regression accuracy improvement of 25.5% across six real-world datasets.