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Introduction: Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) survival rates have improved in recent years, Hispanic children continue to have poorer survival rates. There are few tools available to identify at the time of diagnosis whether the patient will respond to induction therapy. Our goal was to identify predictive biomarkers of treatment response, which could also serve as prognostic biomarkers of death, by identifying methylated and differentially expressed genes between patients with positive minimal residual disease (MRD+) and negative minimal residual disease (MRD-). Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from tumor blasts separated by immunomagnetic columns. Illumina MethlationEPIC and mRNA sequencing assays were performed on 13 bone marrows from Hispanic children with B-cell ALL. Partek Flow was used for transcript mapping and quantification, followed by differential expression analysis using DEseq2. DNA methylation analyses were performed with Partek Genomic Suite and Genome Studio. Gene expression and differential methylation were compared between patients with MRD-/- and MRD+/+ at the end of induction chemotherapy. Overexpressed and hypomethylated genes were selected and validated by RT-qPCR in samples of an independent validation cohort. The predictive ability of the genes was assessed by logistic regression. Survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the association of genes with death. Results: DAPK1, BOC, CNKSR3, MIR4435-2HG, CTHRC1, NPDC1, SLC45A3, ITGA6, and ASCL2 were overexpressed and hypomethylated in MRD+/+ patients. Overexpression was also validated by RT-qPCR. DAPK1, BOC, ASCL2, and CNKSR3 can predict refractoriness, but MIR4435-2HG is the best predictor. Additionally, higher expression of MIR4435-2HG increases the probability of non-response, death, and the risk of death. Finally, MIR4435-2HG overexpression, together with MRD+, are associated with poorer survival, and together with overexpression of DAPK1 and ASCL2, it could improve the risk classification of patients with normal karyotype. Conclusion: MIR4435-2HG is a potential predictive biomarker of treatment response and death in children with B-cell ALL.

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En el arco posterior del atlas se describe una variación de tejido óseo denominada Ponticulus posticus (PP), la cual se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de dolor cervical. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de PP en telerradiografías laterales digitales. Este estudio correspondió a un estudio observacional descriptivo, donde se analizaron 450 telerradiografías laterales digitales obtenidas de la base de datos del Servicio de Imagenología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile. Se analizó la presencia de PP en cada cefalograma, y se utilizó la clasificación de Cederberg y Stubbs para determinar los grados de osificación. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para establecer una asociación entre la presencia de PP con el sexo y la edad. De las 450 telerradiografías laterales el 42,4 % presenta PP, con una mayor prevalencia entre el rango de 21-40 años. En cuanto al grado de osificación, el grado 2 fue el tipo más prevalente (25 %), seguido del grado 4 (9,5 %), el grado 3 (8 %). No se encontró asociación entre la presencia de PP con edad y género (P > 0,05). La PP es frecuente en la población y se observa a diferentes edades sin predilección por sexo.

SUMMARY: A bony tissue variation called Ponticulus posticus (PP) is described in the posterior arch of the atlas, which has been associated with the development of cervical pain. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PP in digital lateral cephalograms. This study was an observational descriptive study, in which 450 digital lateral cephalograms obtained from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Andrés Bello University, Viña del Mar, Chile, were analyzed. The presence of PP was analyzed in each cephalogram, and the Cederberg and Stubbs classification was used to determine the degrees of ossification. The Chi-square test was applied to establish an association between the presence of PP with gender and age. Of the 450 lateral cephalograms, 42.4 % presented PP, with a higher prevalence in the 21-40 year range. In terms of the degree of ossification, grade 2 was the most prevalent type (25 %), followed by grade 4 (9.5 %), and grade 3 (8 %). No association was found between the presence of PP with age and gender (P > 0.05). PP is common in the population and is observed at different ages without a sex preference.

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Several vaccines have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. CoronaVac®, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity, preventing severe COVID-19 cases. We investigate the safety and non-inferiority of two immunization schedules of CoronaVac® in a non-inferiority trial in healthy adults. A total of 2302 healthy adults were enrolled at 8 centers in Chile and randomly assigned to two vaccination schedules, receiving two doses with either 14 or 28 days between each. The primary safety and efficacy endpoints were solicited adverse events (AEs) within 7 days of each dose, and comparing the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection 14 days after the second dose between the schedules, respectively. The most frequent local AE was pain at the injection site, which was less frequent in participants aged ≥60 years. Other local AEs were reported in less than 5% of participants. The most frequent systemic AEs were headache, fatigue, and myalgia. Most AEs were mild and transient. There were no significant differences for local and systemic AEs between schedules. A total of 58 COVID-19 cases were confirmed, and all but 2 of them were mild. No differences were observed in the proportion of COVID-19 cases between schedules. CoronaVac® is safe, especially in ≥60-year-old participants. Both schedules protected against COVID-19 hospitalization.

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BACKGROUND: The development of effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 is a global priority. CoronaVac is an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine with promising safety and immunogenicity profiles. This article reports safety and immunogenicity results obtained for healthy Chilean adults aged ≥18 years in a phase 3 clinical trial. METHODS: Volunteers randomly received 2 doses of CoronaVac or placebo, separated by 2 weeks. A total of 434 volunteers were enrolled, 397 aged 18-59 years and 37 aged ≥60 years. Solicited and unsolicited adverse reactions were registered from all volunteers. Blood samples were obtained from a subset of volunteers and analyzed for humoral and cellular measures of immunogenicity. RESULTS: The primary adverse reaction in the 434 volunteers was pain at the injection site, with a higher incidence in the vaccine than in the placebo arm. Adverse reactions observed were mostly mild and local. No severe adverse events were reported. The humoral evaluation was performed on 81 volunteers. Seroconversion rates for specific anti-S1-receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) were 82.22% and 84.44% in the 18-59 year age group and 62.69% and 70.37% in the ≥60 year age group, 2 and 4 weeks after the second dose, respectively. A significant increase in circulating neutralizing antibodies was detected 2 and 4 weeks after the second dose. The cellular evaluation was performed on 47 volunteers. We detected a significant induction of T-cell responses characterized by the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) upon stimulation with Mega Pools of peptides from SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS: Immunization with CoronaVac in a 0-14 schedule in Chilean adults aged ≥18 years is safe, induces anti-S1-RBD IgG with neutralizing capacity, activates T cells, and promotes the secretion of IFN-γ upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens.

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Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact worldwide, with an incommensurable social and economic burden. The rapid development of safe and protective vaccines against this disease is a global priority. CoronaVac is a vaccine prototype based on inactivated SARS-CoV-2, which has shown promising safety and immunogenicity profiles in pre-clinical studies and phase 1/2 trials in China. To this day, four phase 3 clinical trials are ongoing with CoronaVac in Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey, and Chile. This article reports the safety and immunogenicity results obtained in a subgroup of participants aged 18 years and older enrolled in the phase 3 Clinical Trial held in Chile. Methods: This is a multicenter phase 3 clinical trial. Healthcare workers aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned to receive two doses of CoronaVac or placebo separated by two weeks (0-14). We report preliminary safety results obtained for a subset of 434 participants, and antibody and cell-mediated immunity results obtained in a subset of participants assigned to the immunogenicity arm. The primary and secondary aims of the study include the evaluation of safety parameters and immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 after immunization, respectively. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04651790 ). Findings: The recruitment of participants occurred between November 27 th , 2020, until January 9 th , 2021. 434 participants were enrolled, 397 were 18-59 years old, and 37 were ≥60 years old. Of these, 270 were immunized with CoronaVac, and the remaining 164 participants were inoculated with the corresponding placebo. The primary adverse reaction was pain at the injection site, with a higher incidence in the vaccine arm (55.6%) than in the placebo arm (40.0%). Moreover, the incidence of pain at the injection site in the 18-59 years old group was 58.4% as compared to 32.0% in the ≥60 years old group. The seroconversion rate for specific anti-S1-RBD IgG was 47.8% for the 18-59 years old group 14 days post immunization (p.i.) and 95.6% 28 and 42 days p.i. For the ≥60 years old group, the seroconversion rate was 18.1%, 100%, and 87.5% at 14, 28, and 42 days p.i., respectively. Importantly, we observed a 95.7% seroconversion rate in neutralizing antibodies for the 18-59 years old group 28 and 42 days p.i. The ≥60 years old group exhibited seroconversion rates of 90.0% and 100% at 28 and 42 days p.i. Interestingly, we did not observe a significant seroconversion rate of anti-N-SARS-CoV-2 IgG for the 18-59 years old group. For the participants ≥60 years old, a modest rate of seroconversion at 42 days p.i. was observed (37.5%). We observed a significant induction of a T cell response characterized by the secretion of IFN-γ upon stimulation with Mega Pools of peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 proteins. No significant differences between the two age groups were observed for cell-mediated immunity. Interpretation: Immunization with CoronaVac in a 0-14 schedule in adults of 18 years and older in the Chilean population is safe and induces specific IgG production against the S1-RBD with neutralizing capacity, as well as the activation of T cells secreting IFN-γ, upon recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Funding: Ministry of Health of the Chilean Government; Confederation of Production and Commerce, Chile; Consortium of Universities for Vaccines and Therapies against COVID-19, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy.

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The northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) is a xenarthran mammal with a distribution from Mexico to Peru. This species arrives to wildlife care centres due to illegal trafficking and attacks by domestic dogs, both of which are situations where the northern tamandua's thoracic limbs (forelimbs) can be affected. As such, it is necessary to have anatomical studies that allow us to perform better medical and surgical procedures. Among these, studies about the musculoskeletal system also aid in the muscular reconstructions of extinct species. The aim of this study was to characterize the craniolateral muscles of the forearm in Tamandua mexicana and compare them with other Xenarthrans to determine their gross adaptations. Six dead specimens were used, and none were sacrificed for the purpose of this investigation. In five specimens, arterial repletion was done. Four were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and 5% glycerin, and two were dissected in fresh. All were dissected in the Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory of the Universidad del Tolima. The weights of the muscles from seven forearms were taken and divided in three functional groups for comparison with non-parametric statistics. Two muscular groups were found: one superficial formed by the brachioradialis, brachioradialis accesorius, extensor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, extensor digitorum lateralis and extensor carpi ulnaris; and one deep muscular group formed by the supinator, extensor digiti III et IV, abductor digiti I longus, and extensor digiti I et II. They were supplied by different branches of the cranial interosseous, transverse cubital and superficial brachial arteries, which had the shape of rete mirabile; and all muscles were innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve. The presence of the brachioradialis accesorius muscle in this species allows its hand to remain in semi-supination when it is mobilized in a quadrupedal manner. It must also support elbow flexion together with the action of the brachioradialis and the extensor carpi radialis muscles. All the antebrachial digital muscles sent tendons for the digit III making it the most functional for different grip activities such as climbing trees and searching for its food, however, the most strength was directed to supination and carpal extension, and therefore also to the flexion of the elbow.

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Abstract Flow cytometry (FCM) was implemented in 2008 at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and later at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio to examine special samples of patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors other than bone marrow and peripheral blood for diagnosis and monitoring. This study describes the main findings of special sample evaluation over a six-year period. In all, 1070 samples of body fluids from patients with benign and malignant diseases were examined by FCM. These samples were stabilized with TransFixTM and stained with six-color immunophenotyping panels. Samples included cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid and ascite fluid from patients with acute and chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, lymphomas, myeloma, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies and solid tumors, among others. Flow cytometry provided important information for the classification and detection of minimal numbers of tumor cells in leukemia and lymphoma cases. This work represents the first national report describing FCM implementation in special samples for diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients with malignant and benign pathologies.

Resumen La citometría de flujo fue implementada en 2008 en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y posteriormente en el Hospital San Ignacio con el fin de examinar, para diagnóstico y monitoreo, muestras especiales de pacientes con malignidades hematológicas y tumores sólidos, distintos de los de médula ósea y sangre periférica. Este estudio describe los principales hallazgos de la evaluación de estas muestras especiales en un periodo de seis años. En total, se examinaron por citometría de flujo 1070 muestras de fluidos corporales de pacientes con enfermedades malignas y benignas. Estas muestras se estabilizaron con TransFix™ y teñidas con paneles inmunofenotípicos de seis colores. Las muestras incluyeron líquido cefalorraquídeo, lavado broncoalveolar, fluido pleural, fluido pericárdico y fluido ascítico, provenientes de pacientes con leucemia aguda y crónica, síndromes mielodisplásicos, linfomas, mieloma, enfermedades autoinmunes, inmunodeficiencias y tumores sólidos, entre otras enfermedades. La citometría de flujo proporcionó información importante sobre la clasificación y detección de números mínimos de células tumorales en casos de leucemia y linfoma. Este trabajo representa el primer reporte nacional que describe la implementación de citometría de flujo en muestras especiales para diagnóstico y monitoreo clínico de pacientes con patologías malignas y benignas.

Resumo A citometria de fluxo foi implementada em 2008 na Pontificia Universidad Javeriana e posteriormente no Hospital San Ignacio com a finalidade de examinar amostras especiais de pacientes com malignidades hematológicas e tumores sólidos diferentes aos de medula óssea e sangue periférico para diagnóstico e monitoramento. Este estudo descreve as principais descobertas a partir da avaliação de amostras especiais em um período de 6 anos. Se examinaram por citometria de fluxo um total de 1.070 amostras de fluídos corporais de pacientes doenças malignas e benignas. Estas amostras se estabilizaram com TransFix™ e coradas com painéis imunofenotípicos de seis cores. As amostras incluíram fluído cérebro-espinhal, lavado broncoalveolar, fluído pleural, fluído pericárdico e fluído ascético, provenientes de pacientes com leucemias aguda e crónica, síndromes mielodisplásicos, linfomas, mielomas, doenças autoimunes, imunodeficiência, e tumores sólidos, entre outras doenças. A citometria de fluxo proporcionou informações importantes sobre a classificação e detecção de um número mínimo de células tumorais nos casos de leucemia e linfomas. Este trabalho representa o primeiro relato nacional que descreve a implementação de citometria de fluxo em amostras especiais para diagnóstico e monitoramento clínico de pacientes com patologias malignas e benignas.

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Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo asociados a hipoglucemia neonatal transitona en recién nacidos sanos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte retrospectiva. Análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: Se evaluaron las variables de interés reportadas en la literatura en 40 casos y 40 controles. Se encontró como factor protector aislado para hipoglucemia el contacto piel a piel, que fue menor en los recién nacidos por cesárea; sin embargo, en el modelo de regresión logística, solamente el requerir fórmula láctea, por ineficaz lactancia materna, mostró ser un factor de nesgo para esta enfermedad (OR = 9). Conclusión: La ineficiente lactancia materna exclusiva es el mayor factor de riesgo para hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria en recién nacidos a término sanos, lo que ocasiona un aumento en el uso de fórmula láctea.

Objective: lo determinare risk factors associated to neonatal hypoglycemia in healthy newboms. Materials and methods: Case-control study nested in a retrospective cohort. Logistic regression analysis. Results: 40 cases and 40 Controls were evaluated. The main risk factors according to the literature were reported. Skin to skin care was found as an ¿solated protective factor to develop neonatal hypoglycemia, although, the regression logistic analysis showed, that only the need to enhance feedmg with formula was a risk factor to develop neonatal hypoglycemia (OR=9). Conclusión: Inadequate exclusive breastfeeding remains the major risk factor for transient neonatal hypoglycaemia in healthy term newbom, leading to increased use of formula.

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Ascorbic acid is transported into cells by the sodium-coupled vitamin C transporters (SVCTs). Recently, we obtained evidence of differential regulation of SVCT expression in response to acute oxidative stress in cells from species that differ in their capacity to synthesize vitamin C, with a marked decrease in SVCT1 mRNA and protein levels in rat hepatoma cells that was not observed in human hepatoma cells. To better understand the regulatory aspects involved, we performed a structural and functional analysis of the proximal promoter of the SVCT1 rat gene. We cloned a 1476-bp segment containing the proximal promoter of the rat SVCT1 gene and generated deletion-derived truncated promoters of decreasing sizes and mutant promoters by modification of consensus binding sites for transcription factors by site-directed mutagenesis. We next analyzed their capacity to direct the transcription of a reporter gene after transfection into rat H4IIE and human HepG2 hepatoma cells, in experiments involving the coexpression of transcription factors whose consensus binding sequences are present in the SVCT1 promoter. This analysis revealed the presence of two critical cis-regulatory elements of the transcriptional activity of the rat SVCT1 gene promoter, sites containing consensus sequences for the binding of the transcription factors Bach1 and HNF4 that are not present in equivalent locations in the human SVCT1 gene promoter. Moreover, a consensus site for HNF1 that is crucial for the regulation of the human SVCT1 promoter is present in the SVCT1 rat promoter but has no effect on its transcriptional activity. These findings imply that regulation of vitamin C metabolism in the rat, a species with the capacity to synthesize large amounts of ascorbic acid, may differ from that of humans, a species that must obtain ascorbic acid from the diet through a transport mechanism that depends on proper SVCT1 expression.

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Cellular glutathione levels may exceed vitamin C levels by 10-fold, generating the question about the real antioxidant role that low intracellular concentrations of vitamin C can play in the presence of a vast molar excess of glutathione. We characterized the metabolism of vitamin C and its relationship with glutathione in primary cultures of human endothelial cells oxidatively challenged by treatment with hydrogen peroxide or with activated cells undergoing the respiratory burst, and analyzed the manner in which vitamin C interacts with glutathione to increase the antioxidant capacity of cells. Our data indicate that: (i) endothelial cells express transporters for reduced and oxidized vitamin C and accumulate ascorbic acid with participation of glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbic acid reductases, (ii) although increased intracellular levels of vitamin C or glutathione caused augmented resistance to oxidative stress, 10-times more glutathione than vitamin C was required, (iii) full antioxidant protection required the simultaneous presence of intracellular and extracellular vitamin C at concentrations normally found in vivo, and (iv) intracellular vitamin C cooperated in enhancing glutathione recovery after oxidative challenge thus providing cells with enhanced survival potential, while extracellular vitamin C was recycled through a mechanism involving the simultaneous neutralization of oxidant species. Therefore, in endothelial cells under oxidative challenge, vitamin C functions as an essential cellular antioxidant even in the presence of a vast molar excess of glutathione.

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La neurocisticercosis (NC) es la infección del sistema nervioso central producida por el estado larval del cestodo del hombre. Taenia solium, comúnmente conocido como lobriz solitaria. Constituye la infección parasitaria más frecuente del sistema nervioso cental. Debido al escaso conocimiento y bibliografía de esta enfermedad en pediatría y a las interrogantes que han surgido en relación al tratamiento, se decidió revisar la bibliografía publicada en los últimos años, tanto a nivel mundial como en Latinoamérica, acerca de la neurocisticercosis infantil; a fin de unificar conceptos y así lograr establecer el tratamiento más idóneo para cada caso

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Muitos autores ressaltam a importância da aplicaçäo de um questionário que resuma as manifestaçöes clínicas de pacientes com queixas otoneurológicas e auxilie na definiçäo da hipótese diagnóstica da doença. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar um levantamento, utilizando uma anamnese abrangente, sobre os sinais e sintomas direta ou indiretamente relacionados com os distúrbios otoneurológicos em pacientes que seriam submetidos ao exame vestibular. Avaliamos 300 questionários contendo perguntas sobre tontura, perda auditiva, zumbido, outros sintomas associados, antecedentes pessoais e familiares. A faixa etária dos pacientes variou de 6 a 83 anos de idade; 199 neram do sexo feminino e 101 do sexo masculino. O levantamento mostrou que os sintomas com maior prevalência foram zumbido, tonturas, perda auditiva, dor de cabeça, náuseas, desiquilíbrio à marcha, instabilidade, escurecimento da visäo. A aplicaçäo de um questionário mais acurado auxiliou para estabelecer o diagnóstico sindrômico, topográfico e etiológico, dos quadros clínicos otoneurológicos.

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Sete pacientes com queixa de vertigem não postural foram submetidos à avaliação otoneurológica (avaliação otorrinolaringológica, audiométrica e vestibular) e encaminhados para um programa de reabilitação vestibular no Setor de Equilibriometria da Disciplina de Otoneurologia da UNIFESP - EPM. O programa de reabilitação vestibular constou de orientação quanto ao tratamento etiológico, dieta alimentar e exercícios optovestibulares. Foi utilizado um tambor optocinético de Bárány para a realização dos exercícios optovestibulares por 8 sessões de 1 hora cada, 2 vezes por semana, durante 30 dias. O tambor foi colocado a um metro de distância dos olhos do paciente, nas posições vertical, horizontal, inclinado para direita e para esquerda, de forma a propiciar a estimulação dos nistagmos horizontais, verticais e oblíquos, respectivamente, tanto no sentido horário quanto no anti-horário. Após a reavaliação dos pacientes, foi possível concluir que este programa de reabilitação foi efetivo como tratamento em casos de vertigens não posturais, uma vez que houve melhora sintomatológica em 71 por cento dos casos. Cabe ressaltar alguns fatores relevantes com relação ao sucesso do programa: idade, motivação, estado psíquico favorável do paciente, tratamento etiológico e dieta associados aos exercícios optovestibulares.

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O diagnóstico por imagem direta do schwannoma do nervo vestibular só é possível com a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética. No presente trabalho estudamos imagens de ressonância magnética de pacientes com diagnóstico de schwannoma do nervo vestibular. A ressonância magnética mostrou sensível qualidade diagnóstica pela definiçäo de imagem, por näo ser invasivo e näo necessitar de contrastes iodados ou irradiaçäo ionizante.

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Considerando que a näo linearidade do sistema auditivo comprometido exige uma maior atençäo no trabalho com a amplificaçäo, o presente estudo foi realizado no módulo - O Homem por trás da surdez -, no curso de fonoaudiologia na PUC-SP - DERDIC, com o objetivo de fazer um levantamento das medidas do crescimento da sensaçäo do loudness numa populaçäo de indivíduos ouvintes e em deficientes auditivos; verificar quais as características específicas à amplificaçäo deveria apresentar cada paciente, a partir das medidas do loudness dos deficientes auditivos. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas do loudness representam uma contribuiçäo significativa para o processo de adaptaçäo de AASI

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Considerando que a não linearidade do sistema auditivo comprometido exige uma maior atenção no trabalho com a amplificação, o presente estudo foi realizado no módulo - O Homem por trás da surdez -, no curso de fonoaudiologia na PUC-SP - DERDIC, com o objetivo de fazer um levantamento das medidas do crescimento da sensação do loudness numa população de indivíduos ouvintes e em deficientes auditivos; verificar quais as características específicas à amplificação deveria apresentar cada paciente, a partir das medidas do loudness dos deficientes auditivos. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas do loudness representam uma contribuição significativa para o processo de adaptação de AASI (AU)

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La profesión de enfermería ha visto ampliar sus ámbitos de desempeño laboral en los últimos años, más allá de la clínica y lo intrahospitalario, como en el área administrativa de las Isapres. El siguiente estudio tiene como propósito, conocer los factores que han motivado a los profesionales de enfermería a trabajar en el área administrativa de las Isapres y conocer el perfil de profesionales de enfermería que se desempeña en el área mencionada anteriormente. La muestra en estudio quedó constituida por 38 profesionales de enfermería de las Isapres Vida Tres y Colmena Goldren Cross en Santiago. La metodología utilizada fue una encuesta autoaplicada, de 36 preguntas, entre agosto y septiembree de 1996. En relación al perfil del profesional, las conclusiones más importantes revelaron que la muestra está compuesta en un 100 por ciento por mujeres con un promedio de edad de 38 años, en su mayoría casadas y con hijos. Un considerable procentaje de la muestra tenía experiencia laboral previa al trabajo en la Isapre y además había realizado cursos de capacitación, postítulo o postgrado antes o durante su estadía en la Isapre. Con respecto a los factores que motivan a los profesionales de enfermería a trabajar en el área administrativa de las Isapres, destaca: el trabajo sin turnos (55,3 por ciento), los hijos (15,8 por ciento) y el estado civil (10,5 por ciento). Otros factores importantes fueron el sueldo y la preferencia por la labor administrativa (5,3 por ciento respectivamente). Además otros factores mencionados por las encuestadas, pero que obtuvieron un porcentaje bajo (2,6 por ciento respectivamente), fueron la satisfacción laboral actual, trabajo independiente y otros

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