RESUMEN

Breast cancer is the most incidental and deadly neoplasm worldwide; in Mexico, very few epidemiologic reports have analyzed the pathological features and its impact on their clinical outcome. Here, we studied the relation between pathological features and the clinical presentation at diagnosis and their impact on the overall and progression-free survival of patients with breast cancer. For this purpose, we collected 199 clinical records of female patients, aged at least 18 years old (y/o), with breast cancer diagnosis confirmed by biopsy. We excluded patients with incomplete or conflicting clinical records. Afterward, we performed an analysis of overall and progression-free survival and associated risks. Our results showed an average age at diagnosis of 52 y/o (24-85), the most common features were: upper outer quadrant tumor (32%), invasive ductal carcinoma (76.8%), moderately differentiated (44.3%), early clinical stages (40.8%), asymptomatic patients (47.8%), luminal A subtype (47.8%). Median overall survival was not reached, but median progression-free survival was 32.2 months (29.75-34.64, CI 95%) associated risk were: clinical stage (p < 0.0001) symptomatic presentation (p = 0.009) and histologic grade (p = 0.02). Therefore, we concluded that symptom presence at diagnosis impacts progression-free survival, and palpable symptoms are related to an increased risk for mortality.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , México/epidemiología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años

RESUMEN

La presente investigación pretende por medio de la observación analizar las características de imagen corporal de las personas de la comunidad LGBT- transgénero, transexual para lo cual el objetivo específico primero es describir la percepción de la imagen corporal de las personas transgénero transexual, así teniendo al objetivo segundo en la que se deberá identificar las particularidades develatorias de su identidad de género, para converger en el tercer especifico que es explicar las características de la imagen corporal y la develación de las personas tras, mediante el último objetivo, proponer actividades de interacción verbal y representación corporal.

Asunto(s)

Imagen Corporal

RESUMEN

An impaired coagulation process has been described in patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Nevertheless, the implication of coagulation-related genes has not been explored. We aimed to evaluate the impact of F5 rs6025 and SERPINE1 rs6092 on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement and the levels of coagulation proteins among patients with severe COVID-19. Four-hundred fifty-five patients with severe COVID-19 were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Coagulation-related proteins (P-Selectin, D-dimer, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, tissue plasminogen activator [tPA], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and Factor IX) were assessed by cytometric bead arrays in one- and two-time determinations. Accordingly, SERPINE1 rs6092, P-Selectin (GG 385 pg/mL vs. AG+AA 632 pg/mL, p = 0.0037), and tPA (GG 1858 pg/mL vs. AG+AA 2546 pg/mL, p = 0.0284) levels were different. Patients carrying the CT F5-rs6025 genotype exhibited lower levels of factor IX (CC 17,136 pg/mL vs. CT 10,247 pg/mL, p = 0.0355). Coagulation proteins were also different among IMV patients than non-IMV. PSGL-1 levels were significantly increased in the late stage of COVID-19 (>10 days). The frequencies of F5 rs6025 and SERPINE1 rs6092 variants were not different among IMV and non-IMV. The SERPINE1 rs6092 variant is related to the impaired coagulation process in patients with COVID-19 severe.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The impact of genetic variants in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptors in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity has not been previously explored. We evaluated the association of TNF (rs1800629 and rs361525), TNFRSF1A (rs767455 and rs1800693), and TNFRSF1B (rs1061622 and rs3397) variants with COVID-19 severity, assessed as invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement, and the plasma levels of soluble TNF-α, TNFR1, and TNFR2 in patients with severe COVID-19. METHODS: The genetic study included 1353 patients. Taqman assays were used to assess the genetic variants. ELISA was used to determine soluble TNF-α, TNFR1, and TNFR2 in plasma samples from 334 patients. RESULTS: Patients carrying TT (TNFRSF1B rs3397) exhibited lower PaO2/FiO2 levels than those with CT + CC genotypes. Differences in plasma levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 were observed according to the genotype of TNFRSF1B rs1061622, TNF rs1800629, and rs361525. According to the studied genetic variants, there were no differences in the soluble TNF-α levels. Higher soluble TNFR1 and TNFR2 levels were detected in patients with COVID-19 requiring IMV. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants in TNF and TNFRSFB1 influence the plasma levels of soluble TNFR1 and TNFR2, implicated in COVID-19 severity.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Receptores Tipo II del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , COVID-19/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Receptores Tipo II del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética

RESUMEN

Importance: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the efficacy of colchicine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Estudios Clínicos Latino América (ECLA) Population Health Research Institute (PHRI) COLCOVID trial was a multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial performed from April 17, 2020, to March 28, 2021, in adults with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection followed for up to 28 days. Participants received colchicine vs usual care if they were hospitalized with COVID-19 symptoms and had severe acute respiratory syndrome or oxygen desaturation. The main exclusion criteria were clear indications or contraindications for colchicine, chronic kidney disease, and negative results on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 before randomization. Data were analyzed from June 20 to July 25, 2021. Interventions: Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to usual care or usual care plus colchicine. Colchicine was administered orally in a loading dose of 1.5 mg immediately after randomization, followed by 0.5 mg orally within 2 hours of the initial dose and 0.5 mg orally twice a day for 14 days or discharge, whichever occurred first. Main Outcomes and Measures: The first coprimary outcome was the composite of a new requirement for mechanical ventilation or death evaluated at 28 days. The second coprimary outcome was death at 28 days. Results: A total of 1279 hospitalized patients (mean [SD] age, 61.8 [14.6] years; 449 [35.1%] women and 830 [64.9%] men) were randomized, including 639 patients in the usual care group and 640 patients in the colchicine group. Corticosteroids were used in 1171 patients (91.5%). The coprimary outcome of mechanical ventilation or 28-day death occurred in 160 patients (25.0%) in the colchicine group and 184 patients (28.8%) in the usual care group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.02; P = .08). The second coprimary outcome, 28-day death, occurred in 131 patients (20.5%) in the colchicine group and 142 patients (22.2%) in the usual care group (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70-1.12). Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse effect of colchicine, reported in 68 patients (11.3%). Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial found that compared with usual care, colchicine did not significantly reduce mechanical ventilation or 28-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04328480.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , COVID-19/terapia , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , Hospitalización , Intubación Intratraqueal , Respiración Artificial , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Antiinflamatorios/efectos adversos , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/patología , Colchicina/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , SARS-CoV-2 , Nivel de Atención

RESUMEN

Tobacco smoking results in a multifactorial disease involving environmental and genetic factors; epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) show changes in DNA methylation levels due to cigarette consumption, partially reversible upon tobacco smoking cessation. Therefore, methylation levels could predict smoking status. This study aimed to evaluate the DNA methylation level of cg05575921 (AHRR) and cg23771366 (PRSS23) and their correlation with lung function variables, cigarette consumption, and nicotine addiction in the Mexican smoking population. We included 114 non-smokers (NS) and 102 current tobacco smokers (TS); we then further subclassified them as heavy smokers (HS) (n = 53) and light smokers (LS) (n = 49). We used restriction enzymes (MspI/HpaII) and qPCR to determine the DNA methylation level. We observed significant hypomethylation of cg05575921 in smokers compared to NS (p = 0.003); further analysis found a difference between HS and NS (p = 0.02). We did not observe differences between other groups or a positive correlation between methylation levels and age, BMI, cigarette consumption, nicotine addiction, or lung function. In conclusion, the cg05575921 site of AHRR is significantly hypomethylated in Mexican smokers, especially in HS (≥20 cigarettes per day).

Asunto(s)

Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Metilación de ADN/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Fumar/genética , Adulto , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevención & control , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Fumar/fisiopatología , Tabaquismo/genética , Tabaquismo/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

The tobacco industry promotes electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTP) as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes with misleading marketing sustained by studies with conflict of interest. As a result, these devices sell without regulations and warnings about their adverse effects on health, with a growing user base targeting young people. This systematic review aimed to describe the adverse effects on the respiratory system in consumers of these devices. We conducted a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of 79 studies without conflict of interest evaluating ENDS and HTP effects in the respiratory system in experimental models, retrieved from the PubMed database. We found that the damage produced by using these devices is involved in pathways related to pulmonary diseases, involving mechanisms previously reported in conventional cigarettes as well as new mechanisms particular to these devices, which challenges that the tobacco industry's claims. The present study provides significant evidence to suggest that these devices are an emerging public health problem and that they should be regulated or avoided.

Asunto(s)

Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina , Industria del Tabaco , Productos de Tabaco , Adolescente , Humanos , Pulmón , Mercadotecnía

RESUMEN

Giardia intestinalis is a human parasite that causes a diarrheal disease in developing countries. G. intestinalis has a cytoskeleton (CSK) composed of microtubules and microfilaments, and the Giardia genome does not code for the canonical CSK-binding proteins described in other eukaryotic cells. To identify candidate actin and tubulin cross-linking proteins, we performed a BLAST analysis of the Giardia genome using a spectraplakins consensus sequence as a query. Based on the highest BLAST score, we selected a 259-kDa sequence designated as a cytoskeleton linker protein (CLP259). The sequence was cloned in three fragments and characterized by immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). CLP259 was located in the cytoplasm in the form of clusters of thick rods and colocalized with actin at numerous sites and with tubulin in the median body. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry revealed that CLP259 interacts with structural proteins such as giardins, SALP-1, axonemal, and eight coiled-coils. The vesicular traffic proteins detected were Mu adaptin, Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B, Bip, Sec61 alpha, NSF, AP complex subunit beta, and dynamin. These results indicate that CLP259 in trophozoites is a CSK linker protein for actin and tubulin and could act as a scaffold protein driving vesicular traffic.

Asunto(s)

Actinas/metabolismo , Giardia lamblia/metabolismo , Plaquinas/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Actinas/química , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Ancirinas/química , Secuencia de Bases , Western Blotting , Biología Computacional , Secuencia de Consenso , Citoplasma/química , Citoesqueleto/química , Citoesqueleto/fisiología , Citoesqueleto/ultraestructura , Dinaminas/análisis , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Giardia lamblia/química , Giardia lamblia/ultraestructura , Humanos , Inmunoprecipitación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Microscopía Confocal , Plaquinas/química , Alineación de Secuencia , Tubulina (Proteína)/química

RESUMEN

The current information systems for the registration and control of electronic medical records (EMR) present a series of problems in terms of the fragmentation, security, and privacy of medical information, since each health institution, laboratory, doctor, etc. has its own database and manages its own information, without the intervention of patients. This situation does not favor effective treatment and prevention of diseases for the population, due to potential information loss, misinformation, or data leaks related to a patient, which in turn may imply a direct risk for the individual and high public health costs for governments. One of the proposed solutions to this problem has been the creation of electronic medical record (EMR) systems using blockchain networks; however, most of them do not take into account the occurrence of connectivity failures, such as those found in various developing countries, which can lead to failures in the integrity of the system data. To address these problems, HealthyBlock is presented in this paper as an architecture based on blockchain networks, which proposes a unified electronic medical record system that considers different clinical providers, with resilience in data integrity during connectivity failure and with usability, security, and privacy characteristics. On the basis of the HealthyBlock architecture, a prototype was implemented for the care of patients in a network of hospitals. The results of the evaluation showed high efficiency in keeping the EMRs of patients unified, updated, and secure, regardless of the network clinical provider they consult.

Asunto(s)

Seguridad Computacional , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Difusión de la Información , Cadena de Bloques , Confidencialidad , Interoperabilidad de la Información en Salud , Humanos , Privacidad

RESUMEN

The white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) inhabits a wide latitudinal range in the Americas. Deer species dwelling throughout wide latitudinal ranges have developed subspecies with variations in their reproductive seasonality. In northern subspecies of white-tailed deer, such as those from Canada and the United States, the breeding season occurs from October through December. Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis is a subspecies that inhabits eastern Mexico, and because its reproductive season has not been studied, it is believed to be similar to that from northern subspecies. The objective of the study was to determine the onset of the breeding season and the profile of fecal steroid hormone metabolites throughout the year in captive white-tailed deer subspecies veraecrucis in Mexico. Two groups of adult deer were included: 1) six does and one buck at a Wildlife Conservation Unit, and 2) five does and one buck at a zoo. From each group of deer, representative fecal samples were collected on a weekly basis for 1 yr for fecal analysis of progesterone and estradiol in the does, and testosterone in the bucks. Data on antler casting, parturitions, and velvet shedding were recorded. Progesterone was high during pregnancy and low throughout the parturition period. Estradiol fluctuated throughout the year. Testosterone was high during the rut and low after antler casting. Antlers were cast in March and velvet was shed in August at both sites. Parturitions started in February at the zoo and in April at the Wildlife Unit. In captive white-tailed deer subspecies veraecrucis the breeding season started in July, and therefore earlier than what has been reported for subspecies from northern latitudes.

Asunto(s)

Ciervos/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Conducta Sexual Animal , Animales , Animales de Zoológico , Cuernos de Venado , Estradiol/química , Estradiol/metabolismo , Heces/química , Femenino , Masculino , México , Embarazo , Testosterona/química , Testosterona/metabolismo

RESUMEN

This work presents a validation of wave parameters from the new sixty years Downscaled Ocean Waves (DOW) reanalysis database. This study compares quantiles of the Gumbel distribution of Hs (significant wave height) and Tp (peak period) from simulated data with an 11 months' time series obtained from a buoy moored seaward on the Santa Catarina coast. Analysis by means of Gumbel distribution quantiles allows more weight to be given to the highest values of the time series, which are especially important in design projects. The statistical parameters used to verify the fit between the measured and the modeled data included: RMSE, BIAS, Scatter Index and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Mean direction (θm) validation was conducted qualitatively. The database showed good fit of the mean conditions, especially Hs which was well reproduced by the wave model. Underestimation of Tp, related mainly to the low spatial and temporal resolution of wind data used to generate waves, highlights this general modeling problem. Based on calculated statistical parameters, DOW data were considered comparable to the values obtained by measurements; however, such data must be cautiously used for extreme events analysis and in areas of bimodal sea conditions, where major deficiencies in the database were observed.

RESUMEN

La actual reforma en salud planteó dar un impulso inédito a la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) y conseguir la cobertura necesaria para solucionar el mayor número de problemas en la consulta médica junto a la implementación de programas de promoción, prevención y rehabilitación de la salud comunitaria. A pesar de las intenciones declaradas, existen problemas no abordados que amenazan el éxito de este proceso, por ejemplo, la ausencia de una política integral de desarrollo del recurso médico de la atención primaria, lo que produce que en la actualidad persista un significativo déficit de horas médicas en este nivel de atención. La Agrupación Nacional de Médicos de Atención Primaria surge frente a la necesidad de enfrentar los problemas que nos afectan, y está conformada por los médicos que trabajamos en el nivel primario del Sistema Público de Salud en Chile, incluye a los médicos con contrato municipal, así como aquellos regidos por el Artículo 9 de la Etapa de Destinación y Formación y los de la Etapa de Planta Superior de la Ley Médica con desempeño en los centros de salud. Nuestra organización desde sus inicios ha abordado de manera activa y propositiva la búsqueda de una política integral para el desarrollo del recurso humano de la Atención Primaria, así como también de un modelo de atención donde el nivel primario de salud sea capaz de responder con calidad y dignidad a las demandas de la comunidad. La propuesta de política integral para el desarrollo de los médicos de APS está contenida dentro de las 10 demandas determinadas por nuestra organización, que incluyen disminuir el déficit de al menos 1.500 médicos APS, mejorar los rendimientos de atención, trabajar en condiciones que permitan otorgar una atención de calidad, aumento de la resolutividad, destinar tiempo para prevención y promoción de salud, disminuir la inestabilidad laboral, regular laatención de urgencias, mejorar las remuneraciones...

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The current health reform raised unprecedented boost to the Primary Health Care (PHC) and get the coverage needed to solve the most problems in medical practice by the implementation of programs of promotion, prevention and rehabilitation of health Community. Despite the stated intentions, there are problems not addressed that threaten the success of this process, for example, the absence of a comprehensive resource development of primary care physician, which currently produces a significant gap persists hour medical care at this level. The National Association of Primary Care Physicians address the need arises to deal with problems that affect us, and is comprised of physicians who work in the primary level public health system in Chile, including municipal contract physicians and as those governed by Article 9 of Destination and Training Stage and Stage of Plant Senior Medical Act performing at health centers. Our organization since its inception has dealt active and purposeful search for a comprehensive policy for human resource development for primary care, as well as a model of care which the primary care level is able to respond with quality and dignity to the demands of the community. The proposed comprehensive policy for the development of PHC physicians is contained within the 10 claims identified by our organization, including reducing the deficit of at least 1,500 doctors APS, improve yields care, work permit granted under care quality, increased problem-solving, allocating time for prevention and health promotion, decrease job instability, regular emergency care, better wages, estate administrative clinical meetings and participation in the Development Councils. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of implementing a Comprehensive Policy for Medical APS...

Asunto(s)

Atención Primaria de Salud/organización & administración , Atención Primaria de Salud , Médicos de Atención Primaria/provisión & distribución , Chile , Política de Salud , /estadística & datos numéricos , Sector Público

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar los valores de Rantes, después de la exposición a ácaros, para evaluar su asociación con la escala ARIA, en el grupo de pacientes seleccionado. Diseño: Estudio de corte transversal. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 17 pacientes que consultaron por rinitis alérgica en el Hospital de La Samaritana entre el 1 de julio del 2010 y el 1 julio del 2011, y que cumplieron los criterios de selección, de los cuales se obtuvieron 34 muestras de lavados nasales posteriores a provocación intranasal con ácaros. Resultados: Los pacientes mostraron mayor tendencia a pertenecer al grupo de síntomas de mayor severidad y frecuencia según la escala ARIA. Los valores de Rantes encontrados en lavados nasales tuvieron un promedio de 8,1 pg/ml (+/– 19DS). Conclusión: Se encontró una positividad en los valores de la citoquina CCL5 en los lavados nasales del 20% de los pacientes. El coeficiente de correlación obtenido muestra una asociación débil.

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Objective: Determine the values of Rantes, after exposure to mites, to evaluate its association with ARIA scale in the group of selected patients. Design: Cross sectional survey. Materials and Methods: We included 17 patients presenting with allergic rhinitis at the Samaritan Hospital between July 1, 2010 and July 1, 2011, and met the selection criteria, of which 34 samples were obtained from nasal washes after intranasal challenge with mites. Results: Patients showed a greater tendency to belong to the group of symptoms of greater severity and frequency according to the ARIA scale. Rantes values found in nasal washes had an average of 8.1 pg/ml (+/– 19DS). Conclusions: Positivity was found in the values of the cytokine CCL5 in nasal washes of 20% of patients. The correlation coefficient shows a weak association.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Rinitis , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Computed-assisted three-dimensional data (3D) allows for an accurate evaluation of volumes compared with traditional measurements. AIMS: An in vitro method comparison between geometric volume and 3D volumetry to obtain reference data for pituitary volumes in normal pituitary glands (PGs) and PGs containing adenomas. DESIGN: Prospective, transverse, analytical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D sequencing for computer-aided volumetry. PG phantom volumes by both methods were compared. Using the best volumetric method, volumes of normal PGs and PGs with adenoma were compared. Statistical analysis used the Bland-Altman method, t-statistics, effect size and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Method comparison between 3D volumetry and geometric volume revealed a lower bias and precision for 3D volumetry. A total of 27 patients exhibited normal PGs (mean age, 42.07 ± 16.17 years), although length, height, width, geometric volume and 3D volumetry were greater in women than in men. A total of 21 patients exhibited adenomas (mean age 39.62 ± 10.79 years), and length, height, width, geometric volume and 3D volumetry were greater in men than in women, with significant volumetric differences. Age did not influence pituitary volumes on linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study showed that 3D volumetry was more accurate than the geometric method. In addition, the upper normal limits of PGs overlapped with lower volume limits during early stage microadenomas.

Asunto(s)

Adenoma/diagnóstico , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Hipófisis/patología , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Gadolinio , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

El estudio tiene como objetivo explorar si la percepción parental y grado de adaptación temprana en un grupo de violadores se relaciona con la experiencia temprana de agresión física y sexual o haber convivido en un entorno familiar disfuncional. La investigación se realizó en una muestra de 42 reos condenados por el delito de violación cumpliendo condena en el Centro de Detención Preventivo Santiago Sur (Chile). Se aplicó a los participantes una entrevista semi-estructurada creada para este estudio, recopilándose antecedentes sociodemográficos, biográficos y de sus relaciones interpersonales tempranas. Los datos configuran un entorno familiar disfuncional marcado por el alcoholismo, violencia intrafamiliar y delincuencia. El abuso sexual es ligeramente más frecuente que en población general, y se observan altas tasas de abuso físico y psicológico, experiencias que se relacionan significativamente con la percepción parental. Los datos concuerdan con los hallazgos que encuentran disfunciones parentales en las familias de origen de agresores sexuales. En este sentido, la experiencia temprana para el futuro agresor no se manifiesta específicamente por la presencia de agresión sexual, sino por un contexto generalizado de abuso físico y psicológico.

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Explore the perception of earlier parental relationship and early adaptability in convicted rapist and his relationship with sexual and physical abuse or dysfunctional family environments. The study was carry out in a Sample of 42 confined rapists in the Module B of the Preventive Detention Center of Southern Santiago, Chile. A semi-structured interview was created for this study, allowing us to compile socio-demographic, biographic, and early interpersonal relationship backgrounds. Data shows a family history of alcoholism, domestic violence and criminal behavior. Sexually abused is slightly superior to the general population but the physical and psychological mistreatment is generalized in this sample. Both experiences were significantly related with abusive early parental perception. These results are consistent with several investigations on parental dysfunctions, among sex-offenders families. The early experience of the future aggressor is not showed by the specific presence of sexual abuse but a generalized context of abuse.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relaciones Padre-Hijo , Prisioneros/psicología , Violación/psicología , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Relaciones Familiares , Identificación Psicológica , Prisiones , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Autoimagen , Ajuste Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología

RESUMEN

Introducción: Las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas de enfermedades granulomatosas son frecuentes y su descripción a nivel regional es importante para ayudar a comprender su epidemiología.Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos en el que se evalúan las característicasdemográficas y manifestaciones clínicas de pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad granulomatosacon síntomas otorrinolaringológicos.Resultados: Las regiones de procedencia más representativas fueron La Mesa, Facatativá y Fusagasugá.Las enfermedades granulomatosas más prevalentes en la población estudiada fueron de origen infeccioso: leishmaniasis 34 porciento, rinoescleroma 15 porciento y tuberculosis 15 porcientoDiscusión: A diferencia de otras series en la nuestra las patologías más frecuentes fueron las infecciosas.Es de vital importancia aumentar la sospecha clínica para poder diagnosticarlas. Llama especialmentela atención la alta frecuencia de leishmaniasis, enfermedad que en los últimos años se ha incrementado en frecuencia en el país. Conclusiones. Las enfermedades granulomatosas son frecuentes en nuestro medio, especialmente las de origen infecciosos y los medicos involucrados en su manejo deben estar atentos para hacer un manejo adecuado.

Asunto(s)

Epistaxis , Granuloma , Sinusitis , Leishmaniasis

RESUMEN

The emergence and worldwide spreading of Plasmodium falciparum strains that shown to be resistant to traditional drugs is considered a very serious health problem, given the high mortality and morbidity rate of Malaria. In the search for new drugs against this parasite, Hb hydrolyzing enzymes, such as Plasmepsin II (Plm II), have been classified as very promising targets for therapeutic attacks. In this work, it is developed a cheap and high-throughput heterogeneous enzymatic assay for measuring Plasmepsin II activity in order to use it as a tool in the discovery of new inhibitors of this enzyme. In this assay, Plasmepsin II acts upon a solid-phase bound synthetic peptide (DU2) whose sequence comprises the cleavage site F(33)-L(34) present in Hb alpha-chain. The peptide surface density is quantified by means of a classical ELISA-based procedure. In order to estimate the kinetic constants of the system and to quantify both, enzymatic and inhibitory activity, it was used a model for the kinetics of enzyme quasi-saturable systems previously developed by our group, that fitted very well to the experimental data. It was used Pepstatin as a model inhibitor of Plasmepsin II and the resulting dose-response relation agreed with the expected behavior for the Pepstatin-Plasmepsin II pair under the employed experimental conditions.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas/métodos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Inhibidores de Proteasas/química , Animales , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidasas/química , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidasas/farmacología , Catálisis , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas/economía , Cuba , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Hemoglobinas/efectos de los fármacos , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Pepstatinas/farmacología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/síntesis química , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Plasmodium falciparum/enzimología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Proteínas Protozoarias

RESUMEN

A novel immunoenzymatic procedure for the quantitative determination of HIV protease activity is provided. An N-terminal biotinylated peptide (DU1) that comprises an HIV-1 protease (HIV-PR) cleavage sequence was bound to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates. The bound peptide can be quantified by an immunoenzymatic procedure (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) that includes a monoclonal antibody (Mab 332) against the peptide (DU1) C-terminal. The incubation of the bound peptide with HIV-PR in solution resulted in a signal decrement, as the peptide was hydrolyzed and the released C-terminal segment washed away. An equation that relates the amount of added enzyme to the kinetics of the reaction was written in order to describe this heterogeneous enzyme-quasi-saturable system. This equation allows quantitative determination of protease activity, a feature widely underrated in previous similar assays. The assay also allows evaluation of the inhibitory activity of HIV-PR inhibitors. Due to the intrinsic advantages of the ELISA format, this method could be used in high-throughput screening of HIV protease inhibitors. The assay can be extended to other proteolytic enzymes.

Asunto(s)

Proteasa del VIH/análisis , VIH-1/enzimología , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Biotinilación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/inmunología , Inhibidores de la Proteasa del VIH/farmacología , Humanos

RESUMEN

Se realizó escleroterapia con fenol al 3 por ciento para tratar 15 hidroceles en 14 pacientes adultos, con edad promedio de 47 años. Se practicaron transiluminación y ultrasonido escrotal de hidrocele antes de la escleroterapia con fenol. Se analizaron eficacia del tratamiento, número de sesiones y complicaciones, y se efectuó comparación con un grupo testigo y cuyos enfermos se trataron quirúrgicamente; la eficacia fue de 95 por ciento. En dos casos (13.3 por ciento) el tratamiento consistió en una sesión de escleroterapia; en nueve casos (60 por ciento) en dos sesiones, y otros cuatro casos (26.6 por ciento) en tres sesiones de escleroterapia. esta se realizó en el consultorio. El seguimiento fue de dos meses. No se observaron complicaciones, y se requirieron analgésicos en tres casos (21 por ciento) para el dolor subsecuente al tratamiento. El grupo testigo fue de 10 pacientes, con una eficacia de 100 por ciento; hubo 40 por ciento de complicaciones, con dos casos con edema, uno de hemorragia y uno de hematoma escrotal. El promedio de hospitalización fue de 2.3 días. Se concluyó que la escleroterapia con fenol al 3 por ciento es muy eficaz para los hidroceles, tiene bajo costo económico y evita el tratamiento quirúrgico tradicional

Asunto(s)

Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Escleroterapia/efectos adversos , Escleroterapia/estadística & datos numéricos , Hidrocele Testicular/cirugía , Hidrocele Testicular/terapia