RESUMEN
Bacterial cellulose/carboxymethylcelullose (BC/CMC) biocomposites with different DS-CMC (DS from 0.7 to 1.2) were developed in order to evaluate their impact as a drug delivery system. Biocomposites were loaded with methotrexate (MTX) as an alternative for the topical treatment of psoriasis. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the CMC coated the cellulose nanofibers, leading to the decrease of the elastic modulus as the DS of CMC increased. BC/CMC0.9 exhibited the lower liquid uptake (up to 11 times lower), suggesting that the more linear structure of the intermediate substitute CMC grade (0.9) was able to interact more strongly with BC, resulting in a denser structure. All samples showed a typical burst release effect in the first 15min of test, however the BC/CMC0.9 biocomposite promoted a slight lowering of MTX release rates, suggesting that the DS of CMC can be considered the key factor to modulate the BC properties.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio/química , Fármacos Dermatológicos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Gluconacetobacter xylinus/metabolismo , Metotrexato/química , Nanofibras/química , Medios de Cultivo/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Módulo de Elasticidad , Gluconacetobacter xylinus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porosidad , Solubilidad , Ingeniería de TejidosRESUMEN
Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by some bacteria, among them Gluconacetobacter xylinum, which secrets an abundant 3D networks fibrils, represents an interesting emerging biocompatible nanomaterial. Since its discovery BC has shown tremendous potential in a wide range of biomedical applications, such as artificial skin, artificial blood vessels and microvessels, wound dressing, among others. BC can be easily manipulated to improve its properties and/or functionalities resulting in several BC based nanocomposites. As example BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/Fibroin, BC/Chitosan, etc. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss about the applicability in biomedicine by demonstrating a variety of forms of this biopolymer highlighting in detail some qualities of bacterial cellulose. Therefore, various biomedical applications ranging from implants and scaffolds, carriers for drug delivery, wound-dressing materials, etc. that were reported until date will be presented.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Vendajes , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Gluconacetobacter xylinus/química , Humanos , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/análogos & derivados , Prótesis e Implantes , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del Tejido/químicaRESUMEN
A strain isolated from Kombucha tea was isolated and used as an alternative bacterium for the biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC). In this study, BC generated by this novel bacterium was compared to Gluconacetobacter xylinus biosynthesized BC. Kinetic studies reveal that Komagataeibacter rhaeticus was a viable bacterium to produce BC according to yield, thickness and water holding capacity data. Physicochemical properties of BC membranes were investigated by UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies (FTIR), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were also used for morphological characterization. Mechanical properties at nano and macroscale were studied employing PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical property mapping (QNM) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), respectively. Results confirmed that BC membrane biosynthesized by Komagataeibacter rhaeticus had similar physicochemical, morphological and mechanical properties than BC membrane produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus and can be widely used for the same applications.