RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Athletes practicing strenuous physical activities may develop exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). We aimed to determine the prevalence and features of this condition in Mexico City (altitude, 2,240 m). METHODS: In the present study, 208 high school and college athletes performed a standardized EIB test on a treadmill. RESULTS: Responses to exercise had large between-subject variability in all physiological parameters (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level [SpO2], blood pressure), with nearly similar proportions of subjects in whom FEV1 increased or decreased. According to the recommended cut-off value of 10% FEV1 decrease, only 15 (7.2%) athletes had a positive EIB test. Weight lifters were more prone to develop EIB (three out of seven athletes; p = 0.01). Subjects with a positive EIB test already had a lower baseline forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio (96.4 vs. 103.2% of predicted, respectively; p = 0.047), and developed more respiratory symptoms after exercise than subjects with a negative test. There were no differences with respect to age, gender, body mass index, history of asthma or atopic diseases, smoking habit, and exposure to potential indoor allergens. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low prevalence of EIB in athletes from Mexico City raises the possibility that high altitude constitutes a protective factor for EIB. In contrast, weight lifters were especially prone to develop EIB, which suggests that repetitive Valsalva maneuvers could be a novel risk factor for EIB. There was a large between-subject variability of all physiological responses to exercise.
Asunto(s)
Altitud , Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/epidemiología , Atletas , Broncoconstricción/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Masculino , México , Prevalencia , Instituciones Académicas , Universidades , Capacidad Vital , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is a powerful tool for epidemiological control of tuberculosis (TB) and phylogenetic exploration of the pathogen. Standardized PCR-based typing, based on 15 to 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) loci combined with spoligotyping, has been shown to have adequate resolution power for tracing TB transmission and to be useful for predicting diverse strain lineages in European settings. Its informative value needs to be tested in high TB-burden countries, where the use of genotyping is often complicated by dominance of geographically specific, genetically homogeneous strain lineages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We tested this genotyping system for molecular epidemiological analysis of 369 M. tuberculosis isolates from 3 regions of Brazil, a high TB-burden country. Deligotyping, targeting 43 large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs), and the MIRU-VNTRplus identification database were used to assess phylogenetic predictions. High congruence between the different typing results consistently revealed the countrywide supremacy of the Latin-American-Mediterranean (LAM) lineage, comprised of three main branches. In addition to an already known RDRio branch, at least one other branch characterized by a phylogenetically informative LAM3 spoligo-signature seems to be globally distributed beyond Brazil. Nevertheless, by distinguishing 321 genotypes in this strain population, combined MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping demonstrated the presence of multiple distinct clones. The use of 15 to 24 loci discriminated 21 to 25% more strains within the LAM lineage, compared to a restricted lineage-specific locus set suggested to be used after SNP analysis. Noteworthy, 23 of the 28 molecular clusters identified were exclusively composed of patient isolates from a same region, consistent with expected patterns of mostly local TB transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Standard MIRU-VNTR typing combined with spoligotyping can reveal epidemiologically meaningful clonal diversity behind a dominant M. tuberculosis strain lineage in a high TB-burden country and is useful to explore international phylogenetical ramifications.
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Costo de Enfermedad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Filogenia , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Brasil/epidemiología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Genotipo , Geografía , Humanos , Repeticiones de Minisatélite/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/clasificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo Genético , Eliminación de Secuencia/genéticaRESUMEN
El labio fisurado y/o paladar hendido es una de las malformaciones congénitas más comunes en el ser humano, constituyendo uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes en la consulta odontopediátrica. Los padres de niños y niñas con esta patología pueden presentar alteraciones desde el punto de vista físico y psicológico. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tuvo como finalidad describir el aspecto psicológico en los padres de recién nacidos y lactantes menores con labio fisurado y/o paladar hendido que acudieron al servicio de Odontopediatría y Cirugía Pediátrica en el Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (IAHULA), durante el período Enero - Diciembre 2007. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva, transeccional, que utilizó como método de estudio el suministro de encuestas para la identificación de la situación socioeconómica, los niveles de bienestar psicológico, el estado - rasgo de ansiedad y la presencia de síntomas depresivos. Los resultados permitieron concluir que las variables dependientes estudiadas se vieron modificadas en la conducta de los padres ante esta patología
A cleft lip and/or palate is one of the most common congenital malformations in human beings, effectively making it one of the most important public health issues in odontopediatrics. It is worth noting that parents with kids who present this pathology can suffer from physical and psychological anguish caused by the condition; and that is why this study had as its main purpose the description of the level of the psychological wellbeing of the parents whose kids suffered from the pathology at hand examined at the Odondopediatrics and Pediatric Surgery inside the Autonomous University Hospital of Los Andes (IAHULA) between January - December 2007. This investigation was descriptive and trans-sectional in nature and utilized surveys to identify the socioeconomic situation, stress level, psychological wellbeing, the existence of anxiety, and the presence of symptoms of depression amongst parents. The conclusion offered by this research study was one in which, amongst all dependent variables, changes in stress levels had no bearing on the subjects while all the other variables affected the behavior of parents of cleft palate/lip children
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Fisura del Paladar/genética , Labio Leporino/psicología , Padres/psicología , Odontología PediátricaRESUMEN
Estudio descriptivo realizado con el personal de enfermería de los pabellones I-II de mayores del Hospital Neuropsiquiátrico. Busca determinar el nivel de calidad de Atención de Enfermería, para los casos agudos registrados en ese hospital. Presenta los servicios de la Institución, evolución como Centro de Atención de personas con transtornos mentales, la atención de las enfermeras y categorías profesionales en el Departamento de Enfermería
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Auxiliares de Psiquiatría , Servicio de Psiquiatría en Hospital , Internamiento Obligatorio del Enfermo MentalRESUMEN
Se presenta un caso de Gangliosidosis GM1, tipo I, de diagnóstico tardío para llamar la atención sobre una enfermedad hereditaria. Se trata de una lactante de sexo femenino que a pesar de presentar los signos principales de la enfermedad no fue reconocida tempranamente. El diagnóstico se confirmó a los 6 meses por dosificación de la enzima beta-galactosidasa lisosomal en leucocitos. Se destaca la falla de la atención primaria y la necesidad de un diagnóstico seguro para poder realizar un adecuado consejo genético