RESUMEN

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of IL1-ß, IL-4, IL-6, IL10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, TNF-α and sCD40L in the gingival tissue (G), and compare to the levels of the paired intestinal mucosa (MI)in patients having both chronic periodontitis and InflmmatoryBowel Disease (IBD). Material and methods: Twenty-two IBD patients with chronic periodontitis and IBD, mean age40.0 (±14.5),were enrolled in the study. Patients were assessed using anamnesis and periodontal examination. Gingival and intestinal biopsies were collected and homogenized using a cell disruptor. Cytokine's expression was evaluated through multiplex technology and then compensated by weight. Results: After statistical analysis, significant higher levels of gingival IL-23 (p=0.02) and IFN-γ (p=0.01), and significant lower levels of IL-31(p=0.02) and TNF-α (p=0.01) were found when compared to intestinal mucosa. Significant positive correlation between gingival and intestinal tissue were observedbetweenIL-6 (G) andIL-23 (MIand significant negative correlation between IL-23 (G) and IL-1ß (MI), IL-10 (MI), IL-17A (MI) and IFN-γ (MI). Conclusion: We conclude that IL-23 and IFN-γ are significantly increased in the gingival tissue, when compared to the intestinal tissue, suggesting an important role of these cytokines in the manifestation of periodontitis in patients with IBD.(AU)

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Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a expressão das citocinas: IL1-ß, IL-4, IL-6, IL10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, TNF-α e do ligante solúvel do CD40 (sCD40L) no tecido gengival (G) e compará- la com a expressão na mucosa intestinal (MI) de forma pareada em pacientes com periodontite crônica e Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII). Material e métodos: Participaram do estudo 22 pacientes com DII, média de idade de 40 anos (DP ±14,5 anos). Foram registrados os parâmetros clínicos e periodontais, e foram coletadas biópsias gengivais e intestinais pareadas. As mesmas foram homogeneizadas usando um disruptor celular. Os níveis das citocinas foram analisados pelo método multiensaio multiplex e posteriormente compensados pelo peso das amostras. Resultados: Após análise estatística, observamos níveis significativamente maiores de IL-23 (p=0,02) e IFN-γ (p=0,01) e significantemente menores de IL-31 (p=0,02) e TNF-α (p=0,01) no tecido gengival quando comparamos com o intestinal. Correlações significantes ocorreram entre o tecido gengival e o intestinal de forma positiva para a IL-6 (G) com a IL-23(MI) e de forma negativa entre IL-23 (G) com IL-1ß (MI), IL-10(MI), IL-17A (MI) e IFN-γ (MI). Conclusão: Concluímos que a IL-23 e IFN-γ encontram-se significantemente aumentadas no tecido gengival, quando comparados à mucosa intestinal, sugerindo um papel importante destas citocinas na manifestação da periodontite em pacientes com DII.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Adulto , Enfermedades Periodontales , Citocinas , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/patología , Periodontitis Crónica/patología

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with one-year dietary supplementation with omega (ω)-3 on the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA). METHODS: Fifteen patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planing. The test group consisted of seven patients (43.1±6.0 years) supplemented with ω-3, consisting of EPA plus DHA, three capsules, each of 300 mg of ω-3 (180-mg EPA/120-mg DHA), for 12 months. The control group was composed of eight patients (46.1±11.6 years) that took a placebo capsule for 12 months. The periodontal examination and the serum levels of DPA, EPA, DHA, and AA were performed at baseline (T0), and 4 (T1), and 12 (T2) months after therapy. RESULTS: In the test group, AA and DPA levels had been reduced significantly at T1 (P<0.05). AA and EPA levels had been increased significantly at T2 (P<0.05). The ΔEPA was significantly higher in the test compared to the placebo group at T2-T0 (P=0.02). The AA/EPA had decreased significantly at T1 and T2 relative to baseline (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with ω-3 supplementation significantly increased the EPA levels and decreased the AA/EPA ratio in serum after one year follow-up. However, no effect on the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy was observed.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the subgingival microflora composition of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and compare them with systemically healthy controls also having untreated chronic periodontitis. METHOD: Thirty IBD patients [15 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 15 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 15 control individuals participated in the study. All patients had been diagnosed with untreated chronic periodontitis. From every patient, subgingival plaque was collected from four gingivitis and four periodontitis sites with paper points. Samples from the same category (gingivitis or periodontitis) in each patient were pooled together and stored at -70 °C until analysis using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for 74 bacterial species. RESULTS: Multiple-comparison analysis showed that the groups differed in bacterial counts for Bacteroides ureolyticus, Campylobacter gracilis, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella melaninogenica, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Treponema denticola (P<0.001). CD patients had significantly higher levels of these bacteria than UC patients either in gingivitis or in periodontitis sites (P<0.05). CD patients harbored higher levels of P. melaninogenica, S. aureus, S. anginosus, and S. mutans compared with controls both at gingivitis and at periodontitis sites (P<0.05). UC patients harbored higher levels of S. aureus (P=0.01) and P. anaerobius (P=0.05) than controls only in gingivitis sites. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that even with similar clinical periodontal parameters, IBD patients harbor higher levels of bacteria that are related to opportunistic infections in inflamed subgingival sites that might be harmful for the crucial microbe-host interaction.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Gingivitis/microbiología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/microbiología , Adulto , Bacterias/clasificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Periodontitis Crónica/complicaciones , Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Colitis Ulcerosa/microbiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Crohn/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Femenino , Gingivitis/complicaciones , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Oportunistas/complicaciones , Infecciones Oportunistas/microbiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 (LC-PUFA n-3 and n-6) can function as important inflammatory modulators and also have a strong effect in the proresolving inflammatory processes. The aim of the authors is to analyze the serum levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and compare these results with serum levels of patients with gingivitis only. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with untreated GCP (mean age: 46.0 ± 8.8 years) and 16 patients with gingivitis only (mean age: 31.5 ± 7.5 years) were investigated. The clinical examination included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of DHA, EPA, DPA, and AA using gas chromatography. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of DHA, DPA, EPA, and AA were observed in patients with GCP when compared with patients with gingivitis (P = 0.007, P = 0.004, P = 0.033, and P = 0.001, respectively). The differences were still significant even after the adjustments for age and sex. The PD showed a significant positive correlation with DHA (r = 0.5; P = 0.003), DPA (r = 0.6; P <0.001), and AA (r = 0.6; P <0.001). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that serum levels of LC-PUFA n-3 and n-6 may be affected by the severity of periodontal disease.

Asunto(s)

Periodontitis Crónica/sangre , Periodontitis Crónica/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Cromatografía de Gases , Periodontitis Crónica/patología , Dieta , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/metabolismo , Femenino , Productos Pesqueros , Gingivitis/sangre , Gingivitis/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in reducing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites. Fourteen patients with periodontal disease were included, being 9 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8 SD ± 7.4 years) and 5 patients with gingivitis (mean age: 43.6 SD ± 11.8). The patients were divided in the following groups: gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites GP), periodontitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites PP), and gingivitis sites from gingivitis patients (sites GG). Probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded, and gingival fluid samples were collected. The subjects received non-surgical treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days after treatment (day 30 AT). There was a significant reduction in PI in GG (1.0 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.2), GP (1.2 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.3), and in PP (1.3 ± 0.4 to 0.7 ± 0.3) 30 AT. There was also a significant reduction in the GI in GG (1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.4). PPD reduced significantly in GG (2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and PP (6.7 ± 1.1 to 5.2 ± 0.9) 30 AT. When all the samples were analyzed together, there was a significant reduction in IL-18 (12.9 ± 7.2 to 10.0 ± 3.1). This study showed that non-surgical treatment was effective in reducing GCF levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites.

Asunto(s)

Periodontitis Crónica/terapia , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Gingivitis/terapia , Interleucina-18/análisis , Adulto , Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Índice de Placa Dental , Raspado Dental/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gingivitis/inmunología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Higiene Bucal/educación , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/inmunología , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/inmunología , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Aplanamiento de la Raíz/métodos , Curetaje Subgingival/métodos

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in reducing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites. Fourteen patients with periodontal disease were included, being 9 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8 SD ± 7.4 years) and 5 patients with gingivitis (mean age: 43.6 SD ± 11.8). The patients were divided in the following groups: gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites GP), periodontitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites PP), and gingivitis sites from gingivitis patients (sites GG). Probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded, and gingival fluid samples were collected. The subjects received non-surgical treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days after treatment (day 30 AT). There was a significant reduction in PI in GG (1.0 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.2), GP (1.2 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.3), and in PP (1.3 ± 0.4 to 0.7 ± 0.3) 30 AT. There was also a significant reduction in the GI in GG (1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.4). PPD reduced significantly in GG (2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and PP (6.7 ± 1.1 to 5.2 ± 0.9) 30 AT. When all the samples were analyzed together, there was a significant reduction in IL-18 (12.9 ± 7.2 to 10.0 ± 3.1). This study showed that non-surgical treatment was effective in reducing GCF levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites.

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O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico sobre os níveis da IL-18 em sítios inflamados de pacientes com doença periodontal. Foram avaliados 14 pacientes com doença periodontal, sendo 9 pacientes com periodontite crônica generalizada (idade média: 48,8 DP ± 7,4 anos) e 5 pacientes com gengivite (idade média: 43,6 DP ± 11,8 anos). Os pacientes foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: sítios sem perda de inserção nos pacientes com periodontite (GP), sítios com perda de inserção nos pacientes com periodontite (PP) e sítios sem perda de inserção nos pacientes com gengivite (GG). Profundidade de bolsa (PB), nível de inserção (NI), índice de placa (IP) e índice gengival (IG) foram avaliados e amostras do fluido gengival foram coletadas. Os pacientes receberam terapia não-cirúrgica e foram reavaliados 30 dias após tratamento (AT). Houve uma redução significante no IP dos GG (1,0 ± 0,4 para 0,5 ± 0,2), GP (1,2 ± 0,3 para 0,5 ± 0,3) e PP (1,3 ± 0,4 para 0,7 ± 0,3) 30 AT. Também houve uma redução significante no IG do GG (1,3 ± 0,3 para 0,7 ± 0,4). A profundidade de bolsa reduziu no GG (2,4 ± 0,6 para 1,9 ± 0,1) e no PP (6,7 ± 1,1 para 5,2 ± 0,9) 30 AT. Quando todas as amostras foram analisadas juntas, houve uma redução significante do IL-18 (12,9 ± 7,2 para 10,0 ± 3,1). Esse estudo mostrou que a terapia periodontal não-cirúrgica é eficaz em reduzir os níveis de IL-18 no fluido gengival de sítios inflamados.

Asunto(s)

Adulto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodontitis Crónica/terapia , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Gingivitis/terapia , /análisis , Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Índice de Placa Dental , Raspado Dental/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gingivitis/inmunología , Higiene Bucal/educación , Índice Periodontal , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/inmunología , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/terapia , Bolsa Periodontal/inmunología , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Aplanamiento de la Raíz/métodos , Curetaje Subgingival/métodos

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico sobre a atividade de elastase e o volume de fluido gengival nos pacientes portadores de periodontites crônica e agressiva generalizadas. Foram avaliados 18 pacientes com periodontite crônica e 11 com periodontite agressiva. Foram utilizados os parâmetros clínicos de avaliação da profundidade de bolsa à sondagem, nível de inserção e sangramento à sondagem. As amostras foram colhidas em cinco sítios mais profundos e em cinco sítios rasos com gengivite de cada paciente, antes e 90 dias após o término do tratamento. A amostra analisada antes e após o tratamento não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos, exceto para a profundidade de bolsa à sondagem nos sítios rasos com gengivite (p = 0,039) e para o sangramento à sondagem (p = 0,021) nos sítios profundos após o tratamento. Após o tratamento, a elastase apresentou uma redução significativa nos sítios profundos, para as periodontites crônica (p = 0,012) e agressiva (p = 0,02). Houve significativa redução do volume de fluído gengival nos pacientes com periodontite crônica e agressiva, nos sítios rasos (p = 0,03 e p = 0,03) e profundos (p < 0,001 e p = 0,003), respectivamente, após o tratamento. Concluindo, os grupos com periodontites crônica e agressiva generalizadas comportaram-se de maneira semelhante frente à terapia mecânica não cirúrgica. Houve uma redução significativa do volume de fluído gengival e da atividade neutrofílica nos sítios profundos, associada a reduções significativas dos indicadores clínicos após o tratamento.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Líquido del Surco Gingival , Elastasa de Leucocito , Periodontitis Agresiva/terapia , Periodontitis Crónica/terapia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study determines the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma and elastase activity in inflamed shallow and deep periodontal sites from patients with generalized chronic (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), and to compare them to shallow sites from subjects with gingivitis. A secondary aim analyzes the microbiologic profile of these subjects. METHODS: Cross-sectional clinical data were obtained from 20 GCP, 17 GAgP, and 10 gingivitis subjects. GCF samples were collected with paper strips and the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and IFN-gamma were measured using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Elastase activity was assessed by an enzymatic assay. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Significance of differences among groups for immunologic and microbiologic data was examined using Kruskal-Wallis adjusting for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Mean clinical parameters and GCF volumes were higher in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to the gingivitis group. Higher levels of IL-1 beta and higher elastase activity were found in deep sites compared to shallow sites in both periodontitis groups (P <0.05). The microbiologic data showed significantly higher levels of the red complex species in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to gingivitis (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in levels of GCF biomarkers and in levels of subgingival bacterial species between subjects with GCP and GAgP. CONCLUSION: There were no statistically significant differences in the measured immunologic and microbiologic parameters between subjects with GCP and GAgP.

Asunto(s)

Periodontitis Agresiva/inmunología , Periodontitis Agresiva/microbiología , Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Placa Dental/microbiología , Femenino , Líquido del Surco Gingival/química , Gingivitis/inmunología , Gingivitis/microbiología , Humanos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Elastasa de Leucocito/metabolismo , Masculino , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fumar , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on the circulating concentration of high-sensitivity capsule-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and on the metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three T2DM patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment levels, were evaluated. Blood samples for plasma were collected and assessed for the levels of hs-CRP, FIB, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. The glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and fasting plasma glucose were also measured. All parameters were evaluated before and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: All clinical parameters were significantly improved 3 months after the periodontal therapy. A univariate comparison showed a tendency towards a decrease of the measured biomarkers, most pronounced for TNF-alpha and FIB, after therapy. Periodontal treatment also reduced HbA(1c) and hs-CRP levels, albeit not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The clinically successful non-surgical periodontal therapy tended to reduce systemic inflammation and the concentration of some circulating cytokines.

Asunto(s)

Periodontitis Crónica/terapia , Citocinas/análisis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Adulto , Glucemia/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Periodontitis Crónica/sangre , Citocinas/sangre , Índice de Placa Dental , Raspado Dental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Femenino , Fibrinógeno/análisis , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemorragia Gingival/terapia , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-4/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-8/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Aplanamiento de la Raíz , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that might lead to hyposalivation and negatively affect the oral environment. The evidence with regard to the periodontal conditions in this group of subjects is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal clinical conditions and inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS [P]) or secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS [S]) compared to a control group. METHODS: Nineteen individuals with SjS (11 SjS [P] and eight SjS [S]) and 19 controls, matched for gender, age, and tobacco exposure, were selected from two private clinics and a hospital. The groups were compared for stimulated whole saliva (SWS) flow rate, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and total amount of interleukin (IL)-1beta and total elastase activity in the GCF. Generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Individuals with SjS had a significantly lower SWS flow rate and higher mean PI, GI, PD, CAL, and BOP than controls. After adjustment for plaque, GI remained significantly higher in patients with SjS. Patients with SjS (S) had significantly higher mean CAL and PD than patients with SjS (P), and CAL and BOP remained significantly higher in this subgroup after adjustment. No differences were observed with regard to the GCF inflammatory markers. After adjusting for PD, subjects with SjS (P) showed lower levels of IL-1beta compared to controls. CONCLUSION: SjS seemed to negatively affect the periodontal condition because gingival inflammation was more evident in the individuals with SjS, particularly those with SjS (S).

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Periodontales/etiología , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Líquido del Surco Gingival/química , Hemorragia Gingival/etiología , Hemorragia Gingival/inmunología , Gingivitis/etiología , Gingivitis/inmunología , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Elastasa Pancreática/análisis , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/etiología , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/inmunología , Enfermedades Periodontales/inmunología , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/etiología , Bolsa Periodontal/inmunología , Saliva/inmunología , Saliva/metabolismo , Tasa de Secreción/fisiología , Síndrome de Sjögren/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Sjögren/inmunología , Fumar

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment in improving periodontal status and reducing gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, elastase activity, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)--8 and --9 in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with T2DM (diabetes group) and 26 systemically healthy subjects (control group) with chronic periodontitis participated in this study. The clinical examination included visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. GCF samples were collected from five or six deep sites to evaluate the levels of IL-1beta and -18, elastase, and MMP-8 and -9. Shallow sites were analyzed for IL-1beta and elastase. The glycemic control was analyzed by the concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The subjects received non-surgical periodontal treatment and were reexamined 90 days later. RESULTS: All clinical parameters showed a significant improvement after treatment, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in IL-1beta, elastase activity, and MMP-8 and -9 levels in deep sites. The shallow sites also showed significant reductions in IL-1beta and elastase activity levels. Treatment did not significantly reduce HbA1c concentrations in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal treatment was effective in reducing the levels of IL-1beta, elastase activity, and MMP-8 and -9 in GCF from diabetes and control groups. Patients with T2DM showed less reduction only in elastase activity in shallow sites compared to controls. This reduction was associated with improvement of the clinical periodontal status.

Asunto(s)

Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Raspado Dental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/inmunología , Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Líquido del Surco Gingival/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Periodontitis Crónica/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Femenino , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Humanos , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Elastasa de Leucocito/metabolismo , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Índice Periodontal , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-l-beta (IL-1beta) and the amount of elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from inflamed gingival sites in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), and compare these to the expression in GCF from inflamed sites in generally healthy controls. In addition, the local inflammation in periodontal tissues was related to systemic inflammation by the assessment of IL-18 levels in plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GCF from 16 patients with JSLE and 14 controls were collected using a washing device. Elastase activity was measured with a specific substrate, and IL-18 and 11-1 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The percentage of visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index and attachment level were similar in JSLE and controls, while the percentage of probing depth greater or equal to 3 mm was significantly higher in the controls. The total amount of IL-1beta and IL-18 in GCF were significantly decreased in JSLE, while the total amount and the percentage of free elastase activity were significantly higher in JSLE when compared with the controls. The plasma levels of I1-18 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in JSLE patients. CONCLUSION: We found more active elastase in GCF from inflamed sites in JSLE patients even in the presence of significantly lower levels of IL-18 and IL-13. The increased elastase activity suggests a hyperactivity of neutrophils in JSLE, possibly generated by a priming effect caused by the higher plasma levels of IL-18 found in these JSLE patients.

Asunto(s)

Líquido del Surco Gingival/química , Gingivitis/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/biosíntesis , Elastasa de Leucocito/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/metabolismo , Adolescente , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Gingivitis/complicaciones , Humanos , Interleucina-18/análisis , Interleucina-18/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Interleucina-1beta/biosíntesis , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Masculino , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

AIM: To compare the prevalence of periodontal disease and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with those without these diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-nine CD (39.0 SD+/-12.9 years), 80 UC (43.3 SD+/-13.2) and 74 healthy controls (40.3 SD+/-12.9) were compared for DMFT index and presence of periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and DMFT index were measured on all subjects. The presence of periodontitis was defined as having CAL > or =3 mm in at least four sites in different teeth. RESULTS: Significantly more patients with UC (90.0%; p<0.001) and CD (81.8%; p=0.03) had periodontitis than controls (67.6%). Among smokers, UC patients had significantly more periodontitis. CD had a greater mean DMFT score (18.7 versus 13.9; p=0.031) compared with controls and UC had greater median PPD (2.2 versus 1.7 mm; p<0.0001) than controls. Among non-smokers, CD (2.4 mm; p<0.0001) and UC showed deeper pockets (2.3 mm; p<0.0001) compared with controls (1.5 mm). UC had a greater mean DMFT score (15.3 versus 12.1; p=0.037) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: CD and UC patients had higher DMFT and prevalence of periodontitis than controls, but smoking was an effect modifier.

Asunto(s)

Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Caries Dental/complicaciones , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Índice CPO , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice Periodontal , Fumar

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment in improving periodontal status and reducing gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18, elastase activity, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)--8 and --9 in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with T2DM (diabetes group) and 26 systemically healthy subjects (control group) with chronic periodontitis participated in this study. The clinical examination included visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. GCF samples were collected from five or six deep sites to evaluate the levels of IL-1ß and -18, elastase, and MMP-8 and -9. Shallow sites were analyzed for IL-1ß and elastase. The glycemic control was analyzed by the concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The subjects received non-surgical periodontal treatment and were reexamined 90 days later. RESULTS: All clinical parameters showed a significant improvement after treatment, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in IL-1ß, elastase activity, and MMP-8 and -9 levels in deep sites. The shallow sites also showed significant reductions in IL-1ß and elastase activity levels. Treatment did not significantly reduce HbA1c concentrations in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal treatment was effective in reducing the levels of IL-1ß, elastase activity, and MMP-8 and -9 in GCF from diabetes and control groups. Patients with T2DM showed less reduction only in elastase activity in shallow sites compared to controls. This reduction was associated with improvement of the clinical periodontal status.