RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) is a partnership of European and sub-Saharan African countries that aims to accelerate the development of medical interventions against poverty-related diseases (PRDs). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to 1) measure research output from European and African researchers on PRDs, 2) describe collaboration patterns, and 3) assess the citation impact of clinical research funded by EDCTP. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Disease-specific research publications were identified in Thomson Reuters Web of Science using search terms in titles, abstracts and keywords. Publication data, including citation counts, were extracted for 2003-2011. Analyses including output, share of global papers, normalised citation impact (NCI), and geographical distribution are presented. Data are presented as five-year moving averages. European EDCTP member countries accounted for ~33% of global research output in PRDs and sub-Saharan African countries for ~10% (2007-2011). Both regions contributed more to the global research output in malaria (43.4% and 22.2%, respectively). The overall number of PRD papers from sub-Saharan Africa increased markedly (>47%) since 2003, particularly for HIV/AIDS (102%) and tuberculosis (TB) (81%), and principally involving Southern and East Africa. For 2007-2011, European and sub-Saharan African research collaboration on PRDs was highly cited compared with the world average (NCI in brackets): HIV/AIDS 1.62 (NCI: 1.16), TB 2.11 (NCI: 1.06), malaria 1.81 (NCI: 1.22), and neglected infectious diseases 1.34 (NCI: 0.97). The NCI of EDCTP-funded papers for 2003-2011 was exceptionally high for HIV/AIDS (3.24), TB (4.08) and HIV/TB co-infection (5.10) compared with global research benchmarks (1.14, 1.05 and 1.35, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The volume and citation impact of papers from sub-Saharan Africa has increased since 2003, as has collaborative research between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. >90% of publications from EDCTP-funded research were published in high-impact journals and are highly cited. These findings corroborate the benefit of collaborative research on PRDs.
Asunto(s)
Bibliometría , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Desatendidas/epidemiología , Pobreza , Investigación/estadística & datos numéricos , África del Sur del Sahara , Países en Desarrollo , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Enfermedades Desatendidas/prevención & control , Edición/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Although the sex of an individual confers one of the greatest of the known risks for contracting leukaemia and lymphomas, very little attention is paid to these risks. It is the purpose of this paper to stimulate further research in this area. The sex rate ratios are presented for the commoner haematological malignancies. The male excess in the lymphoid cancers is most marked in the youngest age group in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease, while acute lymphoblastic leukaemia shows equal sex ratios in the childhood peak. Both chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphocytic lymphoma display an unusual pattern, hitherto undescribed, with a large male excess specific to the 40s and 60s age groups. The myeloid sex ratios are all characterized by slight female excess in early adulthood followed by marked male excess. The reasons for these patterns are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiología , Sexo , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/epidemiología , Leucemia Mieloide/epidemiología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/epidemiología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/epidemiología , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/epidemiología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/epidemiología , Riesgo , Distribución por SexoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) arising from extranodal tissue has been reported to be increasing in Western countries and yet the epidemiology of this heterogeneous disease has been poorly described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: : Cases of extranodal NHL were reported to a specialist population-based registry covering neoplastic hematological conditions in parts of England and Wales from 1986 to 1993. RESULTS: Nearly one third of all NHL, 3556 cases, were extranodal in origin giving a world standardised incidence rate of 1.9/10(5) per year. The most common sites were the skin, stomach and small intestine and high-grade malignancies were predominant. An excess in male incidence was observed for extranodal NHL overall, at all ages, and for most sites. Time-trend analyses indicated significant increases in incidence for all extranodal NHL and NHL of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, central nervous system and male genital organs. Incidence rates increased proportionally more for middle-aged persons, especially females, and for skin lymphomas excluding mycosis fungoides and Sezary disease. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the rise in incidence of extranodal NHL may be due, at least in part, to an increase specifically in B-cell skin lymphomas and that particular environmental factors such as sunlight might be involved rather than the increases being the results of improvements in diagnostic practices.