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Experimental data indicate that postconditioning at a distance is an effective method for cardiac protection against reperfusion injury. Remote postconditioning prevents reperfusion necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, decreases a probability of postinfarction remodeling of the heart. Cardioprotective effect of remote postconditioning depends on the release of tissue factor(s) increasing cardiac tolerance to long-term ischemia-reperfusion after transient ischemia. Clinical investigations show that postconditioning at a distance is an effective method for the prevention of reperfusion injury of the heart during coronary artery bypass surgery.

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Ultrasound scan allows determining tumor border in the area of inflammatory infiltrate, creating a three-dimensional plan of the operation, performing accurate pointing injecting cryoprobes as well as managing a monitor of cryoablation. As a result the frequency of repeated recurrences of infected recurrent tumors in difficult anatomical areas of the face decreased to 4%.

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Experimental data indicate that postconditioning at distance is an effective method of cardiac protection against reperfusion injury. Remote postconditioning prevents reperfusion necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, decreases probability of postinfarction remodeling of the heart. Cardioprotective effect of remote postconditioning is depended on release from tissues after transient ischemia of humoral factor(s) increasing cardiac tolerance to long-term ischemia-reperfusion. Clinical studies show that postconditioning at distance is an effective method of prevention of reperfusion injury of the heart during coronary artery bypass surgery.

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Investigations with Macaca mulatta of 4-5 yrs. of age with the body mass of 4.5-6.5 kg showed that 10 days of tilting with the head end at .5 degrees reduced body temperature but not levels of interleukine-1beta and interleukine-6 in blood plasma. On the next days after return of animals to cages IL-6 was found to increase sharply in more than 10 times. On subsequent 4 days both IL -1beta and IL-6 were within the normal range.

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The aim of the present work was to identify the role of ATP acting on specific P2X receptors in the central mechanisms of thermoregulation. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that brainstem structures involved in controlling body temperature contained large number of nerve cells bearing P2X ATP receptors. Experiments on conscious rats involving intracerebroventricular administration of an ATP analog and P2X antagonists showed that both activation and blockade of central P2X receptors produced marked changes in body temperature. Analysis of the effects of these substances provided grounds for suggesting that ATP acting on P2X receptors fulfils an important function in the mechanisms of transmitting afferent information from peripheral thermal receptors to thermoregulatory centers in the brainstem with responsibility for heat loss, while in pyrogen-induced fever ATP acting on these receptors may be involved in the activity of the endogenous antipyretic system.

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The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of extracellular ATP acting on specific P2X receptors in the central mechanisms of thermoregulation. Using immunohistochemistry methods, it was found that the brainstem structures involved in the body temperature regulation contain a large number of nerve cells which possess P2X receptors for ATP. Experiments with intracerebroventricular application of a stable ATP analogue and P2X receptor antagonists to conscious rats showed that both activation and blockade of central P2X receptors resulted in marked changes in body temperature. Analysis of the effects of these agents suggests that ATP by acting on P2X receptors performs an important function in the mechanisms of transmission of afferent information coming from peripheral thermoreceptors to the brainstem thermoregulatory centres responsible for heat loss, and during pyrogen-induced fever can be involved in the action of the endogenous antipyretic system.

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Structural and functional organisation of sympathetic ganglia under conditions of endotoxemia was studied in white rats, cats, and dogs. Submicroscopic characteristics of the changes occurring in the rat prevertebral sympathetic ganglia after endotoxin administration or application of endogenous proteinase inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin, were assessed as well as ultrastructural bases of the febrile rat ganglionic responses to antipyretic drug administration. Effects of endotoxin on synaptic transmission in inferior mesenteric plexus' ganglia of cats and on electrical activity in inferior mesenteric plexus' ganglia of dogs, were electrophysiologically demonstrated.

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The authors make an attempt to substantiate the idea that proteinase inhibitors can produce a noticeable effect on the integration of functions. It is suggested that proteinase inhibitors play a special role in providing coupling between the body's functional systems in the conditions that may disturb the structural and functional integrity of the organism. They paper provides experimental evidence for the effect of the serine proteinase inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin on the thermal regulatory system and couples functional systems that provide behavioral responses. Possible mechanisms of systemic action of proteinase inhibitors and their involvement in the integrative activity of the nervous system are discussed.

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Application of Freund's complete adjuvant containing killed and dried Mycobacterium butyricum led to a two-phase hyperthermic response in white rats, much more obvious in female than in male rats. The difference seems to be due to a more obvious increase of the tumour necrosis alpha-factor, progesterone, and thyrotropic hormone in the blood of female rats, as well as to prevalence of pyretic activity over the pyretic one in them.

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The article is dedicated to the role of free-radical gas nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system. The paper gives the review of literature data related to the distribution of NO-synthesizing neurones in the CNS of mammals, to the role of NO in the control of the activity of central neurones and to the involvement of this messenger in the central autonomic regulation.

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The antiarrhythmic activity and acute toxicity of polymeric formulations of quinidine, trimecaine, ethacizine, propranolol, verapamil which had been immobilized on a cellulose carrier (monocarboxylcellulose) and low molecular analogues were studied in various experimental animals (rats, mice, dogs). The polymeric formulations of trimecaine and verapamil were found to have a higher antiarrhythmic activity in different arrhythmia models than trimecaine and verapamil. The toxicity of all new compounds was no more than the values of conventional antiarrhythmic drugs.

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