RESUMEN
Vaccination against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in pregnant cows is crucial to produce greater immunity in new born calves, especially in late gestation, as this directly affects neonatal immunity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how late gestation FMD vaccination of pregnant cows affects the maternally derived antibodies in their offspring. Pregnant cows were vaccinated with and without booster vaccination during the 3rd months (early gestation vaccination, EGV) or the 6.5th months (late gestation vaccination, LGV). Their offspring were investigated for passive immunity transfer, maternal antibody duration, and the first vaccination age of calves (when the maternal antibody has waned sufficiently to allow the first vaccination). Antibody titers were analyzed by a virus neutralization test (VNT). A digital Brix refractometer (% Brix) was used to estimate passive antibody transfer efficiency measuring total protein (TP) content of calf blood sera and also colostrum IgG content. Two linear mixed effects models were fitted: one for the antibody titer values of the dams, and the other for the antibody titer values of calves before the vaccination. A marginal fixed effects model was also fitted to explore the effects of the dam titers on the antibody titers of the calves after their vaccinations. As a result, the average neutralizing antibody titers did not differ between the EGV and LGV groups nor were any differences detected between dams that received a booster and those that were not boosted. However, the LGV calves' mean maternally derived antibody titers were significantly higher (p-valuesâ¯=â¯0.0001 for both groups) and the duration was longer than that of the EGV calves (120 days in LGV, 60 days in EGV, pâ¯<â¯0.05). Since no statistical difference was found between the titers of either group of dams at the beginning of the experiment and parturition, it does not appear that the higher VN titers in LGV calves compared to titers in EGV are directly related to the circulating antibody levels in the dams. Furthermore, the TP value (% Brix) of calf blood sera was higher than>8.4% in both calf groups (9.3⯱â¯0.33 in LGV and 8.6⯱â¯0.40 in EGV, pâ¯>â¯0.05) indicating that passive immunity transfer had occurred for both groups. In addition, we found that the % Brix mean colostrum IgG content of the LGV (25.8⯱â¯1.30) was higher than the EGV (21.8⯱â¯0.58) dams (pâ¯<â¯0.01) and a significant positive correlation found between the colostrum density of LGV dams and TP (% Brix) value of their offspring (râ¯=â¯0.73, pâ¯<â¯0.01). Our results show that vaccination during the late gestation period increased the colostrum IgG content of dams of LGV in addition to the maternally derived antibody duration and potentially provided greater protection of the offspring.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Calostro/inmunología , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & control , Inmunidad Materno-Adquirida , Esquemas de Inmunización , Vacunación/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bovinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Modelos Lineales , Embarazo , Factores de Tiempo , Vacunación/métodosRESUMEN
Both tuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis (TCL) and oropharyngeal tularaemia (OT) have similar signs, symptoms and pathological findings. We aimed to investigate the frequency of tularaemia antibodies in patients diagnosed with TCL. Using data from the Tuberculosis Control Dispensaries between the years of 2008 and 2011 in Turkey, all patients diagnosed with TCL were informed about and included in the study. Control group subjects were selected from healthy blood donors who lived in the same region. After informed consent was obtained, the sera obtained from volunteer TCL patients and the control group were tested with a microagglutination technique for Francisella tularensis. Antibodies to Brucella were also investigated with a tube agglutination test for cross-reactivity in sera that were seropositive for tularaemia. Sera were obtained from a total of 1170 individuals in the TCL group and 596 in the control group from 67 of 81 provinces in Turkey. Francisella tularensis-positive antibodies were found in 79 (6.75%) cases in the TCL group and two (0.33%) cases in the control group with a titre of ≥1:80 (p < 0.01). When the presence of antibody of any titre was considered, the ratio became 8.2% (96/1170) in the TCL group and 0.67% (4/596) in the control group (p < 0.001). For the first time, with this study, tularaemia serology was found to be positive in a significant portion (6.75%) of diagnosed cases of TCL. In tularaemia endemic regions, it was concluded that tularaemia serology should be investigated in patients suspected of having TCL.
Asunto(s)
Tuberculosis Ganglionar/complicaciones , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/diagnóstico , Tularemia/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Femenino , Francisella tularensis/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuello , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Turquía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics often requiring combination therapy. Annual changes of resistance to selected antimicrobials of 150 A. baumannii strains, isolated as nosocomial pathogens between 1994 and 2000 were investigated. The synergistic effects of antimicrobials were studied using a microdilution checkerboard technique in eight selected isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and to at least one aminoglycoside. Rates of resistance of cefepime, ceftazidime, ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin and ciprofloxacin (before 1996 and between 1996-2000) were 29.7% - 72.6, 37.8% - 81.4%, 35.1% - 72.6%, 8.1% - 56.6%, 5.4% - 46.0% respectively (p < 0.001 for each one). Synergy was observed in at least one of the combinations of antibiotics from seven of eight isolates (87%), no antagonism was detected with any combination. Ceftazidime-amikacin (50%) and ampicillin/sulbactam-tobramycin (50%) were the most effective combinations. Due to the effectiveness of sulbactams to Acinetobacter, ampicillin/sulbactam-tobramycin combination is recommended as the first line of choice.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Acinetobacter/epidemiología , Acinetobacter baumannii/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/microbiología , Aminoglicósidos/farmacología , Aminoglicósidos/uso terapéutico , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , Cefalosporinas/uso terapéutico , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactamas/farmacología , Lactamas/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence and fertility of hydatid cysts in sheep in Kirikkale, Turkey. A total of 3.2% of 553 lambs and 50.9% of 1320 adults were found to be infected with hydatid cysts. The most common locations of cysts were in the liver and lung. Liver cysts tended to be more fertile than lung cysts (81.53% v. 76.47%), though the difference was not significant. The mean number of viable protoscoleces in the liver and lung cysts were 12,400 and 5,800, respectively. In general, 1-10 cysts were found in liver (51.8%) and lung (64.7%). The findings of this study indicate that hydatid cysts are common in sheep and the fertility rate of cysts is quite high. Sheep play an important role in the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in this region.