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Objective To explore the effect of sodium valproate (SV) on reducing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and attenuating cerebrovascular spasm damage in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods Seventy-two male rats,weighting 300-400 g,were randomized to following experimental groups:sham-operated group,SAH group,SAH+saline treatment group,and SAH+SV treatment group (n=18).The SAH models in the later three groups were induced by injection of autologous blood into the cistern magna.Saline or SV (2 mg/100 g) was given to the rats in the SAH+saline treatment group and SAH+SV treatment group every day via intraperitoneal injection.Serum hsCRP level was measured on 1,3,5 and 10 day.Neurological deficit scale scores were assessed on 3 and 5 day.Results On 1,3,5 and 10 day,HsCRP level in the sham-operated group was (0.09± 0.02) mg/L,(0.09±0.02) mg/L,(0.09±0.02) mg/L and (0.09±0.01) mg/L;that in SAH group was (0.29± 0.01) mg/L,(0.32±0.02) mg/L,(0.35±0.02) mg/L and (0.32±0.02) mg/L;that in SAH+saline treatment group was (0.28±0.02) mg/L,(0.31 ±0.02) mg/L,(0.34±0.02) mg/L and (0.31 ±0.02) mg/L;that in SAH+SV treatment group was (0.15 ±0.02) mg/L,(0.21 ±0.02) mg/L,(0.24±0.02) mg/L and (0.15 ±0.03) mg/L;HsCRP level in the SAH group and SAH+saline treatment group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operated group (P＜0.05);HsCRP level in the SAH+SV treatment group was significantly increased as compared with that in the sham-operated group,but significantly decreased as compared with that in the SAH+saline treatment group and SAH group (P＜0.05).The neurobehavior scale scores on 3 and 5 day in SAH+SV treatment group (23.0±0.8 and 21.8±1.4) were significantly increased as compared with those in the SAH group (14.1±0.8 and 11.9±0.9) and SAH+saline treatment group (13.9± 0.7 and 11.1±1.4,P＜0.05);those in the SAH+SV treatment group (23.0±0.8 and 21.8±1.4) were significantly decreased as compared with that in the sham-operated group,but significantly increased as compared with that in the SAH+saline treatment group and SAH group (P＜0.05).Conclusion SV decreases the inflammatory injury by reducing the hsCRP level and improve the neurological outcome in SAH rat models.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at detecting the protective effects of resveratrol on diabetes-induced renal damage and on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1), collagen IV and Th17/Tregrelated cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Twenty diabetic rats were further randomly divided into diabetic model group (DM group) and resveratrol group with 10 animals in each group. Another 1- non-diabetic rats served as control. The diabetic rats in the resveratrol group were administered resveratrol for eight consecutive weeks (via gavage, 50 mg/kg daily, dissolved in saline). Rats in the control group and DM group received the same volume of saline only (via gavage). Renal function was measured. Histopathology changes of the kidney tissue were observed using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of TGF-ß1 and collagen IV in kidney homogenate were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-25) and Treg-related cytokines (IL-35, IL-10) in serum and in the supernatant of the kidney homogenate were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: Diabetic rats had damaged renal function, higher levels of TGF-ß1, collagen IV, IL-17A and IL-25, as well as lower levels of IL-35 and IL-10, when compared to the control rats. Compared to the diabetic rats without resveratrol treatment, application of resveratrol to the diabetic rats ameliorated the renal function, inhibited the expression of TGF-ß1, collagen IV, IL-17A and IL-25, and increased the expression IL-35 and IL-10. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol might ameliorate diabetes-induced renal damage through mediating the balance of Th17/Treg-related cytokines and inhibiting the expression of TGF-ß1 and collagen IV.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at detecting the protective effects of resveratrol on diabetes-induced renal damage and on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), collagen IV and Th17/Tregrelated cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Twenty diabetic rats were further randomly divided into diabetic model group (DM group) and resveratrol group with 10 animals in each group. Another 10 non-diabetic rats served as control. The dia-betic rats in the resveratrol group were administered resveratrol for eight consecutive weeks (via gavage, 50 mg/kg daily, dissolved in saline). Rats in the control group and DM group received the same volume of saline only (via gavage). Renal function was measured. Histopathology changes of the kidney tissue were observed using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of TGF-β1 and collagen IV in kidney homogenate were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-25) and Treg-related cytokines (IL-35, IL-10) in serum and in the supernatant of the kidney homogenate were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: Diabetic rats had damaged renal function, higher levels of TGF-β1, collagen IV, IL-17A and IL-25, as well as lower levels of IL-35 and IL-10, when compared to the control rats. Compared to the diabeticrats without resveratrol treatment, application of resveratrol to the diabetic rats ameliorated the renal function, inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, collagen IV, IL-17A and IL-25, and increased the expression IL-35 and IL-10. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol might ameliorate diabetes-induced renal damage through mediating the balance of Th17/Treg-related cytokines and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 and collagen IV.
OBJETIVOS: Este estudio estuvo encaminado a detectar los efectos protectores del resveratrol en el daño renal inducido por diabetes y en la expresión del factor de crecimiento transformante beta-1 (TGF-β1), el colágeno IV, y las citocinas relacionados con Th17/Treg en ratas con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. MÉTODOS: Veinte ratas diabéticas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en un grupo modelo diabético (Grupo MD) y un grupo de resveratrol, con 10 animales en cada grupo. A las ratas diabéticas en el grupo de resveratrol se les administró resveratrol durante ocho semanas consecutivas (mediante sonda nasogástrica, 50 mg/kg diarios, disuelto en suero salino). Las ratas en el grupo control y el grupo MD recibieron el mismo volumen de solución salina solamente (vía sonda nasogástrica). Se midió la función renal. Se observaron cambios en la histopatología del tejido del riñón usando tinción con hematoxilina y eo-sina. Se midieron los niveles de TGF-β1 y colágeno IV en un homogeneizado de riñón con ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA). El nivel de las citocinas de Th17 (IL-17A, IL-25) y las citocinas de Treg (IL-35, IL-10) en suero y en el sobrenadante del homogeneizado de riñón, se determinaron mediante ELISA. RESULTADOS: Las ratas diabéticas tuvieron daño de la función renal, niveles más altos de TGF-β1, colágeno IV, IL-17A y IL-25, así como niveles más bajos de IL-35 e IL-10, en comparación con las ratas control. En comparación con las ratas diabéticas sin tratamiento con resveratrol, la aplicación de resveratrol en las ratas diabéticas mejoró la función renal, inhibió la expresión de TGF-β1, colágeno IV, IL-17A y IL-25 y aumentó la expresión de IL-35 y IL-10. CONCLUSIÓN: El resveratrol podría mitigar el daño renal inducido por la diabetes mediante la mediación con el equilibrio de las citocinas relacionados con Th17/Treg, e inhibiendo la expresión de TGF-β1 y colágeno IV.