RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Bushen Huoxue Formula (Formula for reinforcing the kidney and activating blood circulation) on the learning and memory function and the cerebral neurotransmitters in diabetic mice. METHODS: Forty ICR mice were randomized into the normal control group, model group, Nimotop group and Chinese medicine group, 10 mice in each group. Tail intravenous injection of alloxan was applied to prepare diabetic model. Four weeks later, intragastric administration of Bushen Huoxue Formula for the Chinese medicine group, Nimotop for the Nimotop group, and isometric distilled water for the other two groups were respectively given for 8 weeks. The changes in the blood sugar level were observed; the learning and memory function was detected by Morris labyrinth test; and the contents of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxyltryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyl indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebral cortex were determined in mice of all the groups. RESULTS: The blood sugar levels in the diabetic model mice significantly increased as compared with those of the normal control group determined 72 h and 12 weeks later (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Latencies for Morris labyrinth test in the Nimotop group and the Chinese medicine group were significantly shortened as compared with that in the model group (P < 0.01). The contents of cortical NE in the Chinese medicine group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Bushen Huoxue Formula can improve the learning and memory function in the diabetic mice, and the mechanism is possibly related with change of the cortical NE content.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Aprendizaje/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Neurotransmisores/metabolismo , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Ningzhi Capsule (NZC) on blood lipid spectrum in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with hyperlipemia (DM-HL). METHODS: Adopting randomized, parallel and controlled trail method, a total of 70 DM-HL patients of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm-blood stagnant syndrome type were randomized into two groups. The original medication for lowering blood sugar and blood pressure was unchanged, the trial group received oral administration of NZC 5 tablets, 3 times a day, while the control group received Lipanthgl or Simvastatin depending on their different constituents of blood lipids. After 6 months of treatment, sixty subjects completed the trail while two patients dropped out due to side effect and 8 patients lost follow-up (4 in each group). Levels of blood lipids, blood routine, liver and kidney function and symptoms in patients were detected and compared. RESULTS: After treatment, levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), apoprotein B, and lipoprotein a (LPa) lowered, while levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and apoprotein A raised in the trial group as compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), but showed no difference between the two groups after treatment except HDL level (P > 0.05). Scores of symptoms were also lowered significantly in the trial group (P < 0.01). In the observation period, no abnormal findings in blood and urine routine examination as well as in liver and renal function were found. CONCLUSION: NZC could lower the blood lipid spectrum and improve the TCM symptoms in DM-HL patients without any adverse reaction.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Lípidos/sangre , Fitoterapia , Adulto , Anciano , Cápsulas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional China , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Deficiencia Yin/sangre , Deficiencia Yin/prevención & controlRESUMEN
In rats, an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) elevated blood levels of glucose 4 weeks later (STZ-induced diabetes) and an over-production of microvessels of retinal and choroidal capillaries of eyes developed. A previous study has shown that administration of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (STSM) in culture prevented the over-production of microvessels of those capillaries of STZ-induced diabetes in vitro. Therefore, the study investigated whether or not orally administered STSM could inhibit over-production of microvessels of those capillaries of STZ injected rats in vivo. When STSM was given at the same time as the STZ injection and continued daily for 7 weeks, STSM prevented the elevation of blood glucose level and over-production of microvessels of those capillaries. When STSM was given after elevation of blood glucose level of glucose (4 weeks after STZ injection) and continued daily for 4 weeks, STSM lowered the elevated blood glucose level but had no effect on the over-production of microvessels of those capillaries. It was inferred that deposition of N(epsilon)(carboxymethyl) lysine in retinal and choroidal tissues, which is induced by STZ-induced diabetes may deteriorate the blood-retinal barrier and the blood-choroidal barrier. One might, therefore, speculate that advanced STZ-induced diabetes may deteriorate the blood-retinal barrier and blood-choroidal barrier. Therefore, STSM may not reach the retinal and choroidal tissues in the posterior ocular region in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Neovascularización Coroidal/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Neovascularización Retiniana/prevención & control , Stephania tetrandra/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Capilares/efectos de los fármacos , Capilares/fisiopatología , Neovascularización Coroidal/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Neovascularización Retiniana/fisiopatología , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
This article reviews the clinical and experimental researches on cognitive impairment related to diabetes in the recent decade. Most clinical studies indicate that the cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is related to recurrent hypoglycemia closely. There is little research about whether or not hyperglycemia is related to cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Most studies indicate that the cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes involves multiple factors through multiple mechanisms, including blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure, level of insulin, medication, chronic complication, etc. But, there has been no large-scale, multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trial in China recently. And what is more, some problems exist in this field of research, such as the lack of golden criterion of cognitive function measurement, different population of studied objects, and incomprehensive handling of confounding factors. Experimental studies found that hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired, which were manifested by impairment of spatial memory and decreased expression of LTP, but it's relation to hyperglycemia, the duration of diabetes, learning and memory has always been differently reported by different researches. Thus, there are a lot of unknown things to be explored and studied in order to clarify its mechanism. TCM has abundant clinical experience in treating cerebral disease with medicine that enforces the kidney and promotes wit. However, there has been no research on treating diabetic cognitive impairment, which requires work to be done actively and TCM to be put into full play, in order to improve the treatment of diabetes and enhance living quality of patients.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Animales , Trastornos del Conocimiento/patología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/psicología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Hipocampo/patología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/complicaciones , Hipoglucemia/complicaciones , Potenciación a Largo Plazo , Plasticidad NeuronalRESUMEN
Literature regarding clinical researches on treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications by integrative medicine published in recent decade were reviewed in this paper. Integrative medicine is dominant in treating Diabetes mellitus in multiple aspects, the elementary and major issue is to enhance the therapeutic effect. Clinical researches carried out at the integral, cellular, sub-cellular and molecular levels by many scholars illustrated that integrative medicine is superior to simple western medicine or traditional Chinese medicine in controlling hyperglycemia, improving symptom, improving insulin resistance, curing impaired glucose tolerance, recovering beta cell function and treating hyperlipemia and diabetic complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Medicina Tradicional China , Fitoterapia , Animales , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Resistencia a la InsulinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Xianzhen tablet (XZT, a Chinese patent compound recipe) on advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) and mRNA expression of AGE-specific cellular receptor (RAGE) in renal cortex of diabetic rats in order to explore the mechanism of XZT in protecting kidney. METHODS: The diabetic rat model with persistent hyperglycemic renal damage was reproduced by streptozotocin. Fluorescent assay and RT-PCR were used to determine the content of AGEs and expression of RAGE mRNA in renal cortex in model rats, which were treated with XZT and controlled by aminoguanidine (AG) administration. RESULTS: The relative content of AGEs and RAGE mRNA expression in renal cortex of model rats 12 weeks after modeling were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.05), while those in model rats treated by XZT or AG were markedly lower than those in non-treated model rats (P < 0.05), the effect of the both groups showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: XZT could reduce the accumulation of AGEs in renal cortex of diabetic rats, down-regulate the over-expression of RAGE mRNA, with the effects similar to that of AG, the inhibition of XZT on protein non-enzymatic glycosylation might be one of the mechanisms of its effect in protecting kidney.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/biosíntesis , Corteza Renal/metabolismo , Receptores Inmunológicos/biosíntesis , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/genética , Nefropatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/genética , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Receptores Inmunológicos/genética , ComprimidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Naofucong Granule (NFCG), a self-manufactured Chinese herbal preparation, on memory and cerebral cholinergic system in cerebral ischemic mice. METHODS: Mice model of learning/memory impairment was established by bilateral ligation of internal carotid arteries. The memory ability of mice was assessed by measuring latent period in the Morris Water Maze. RESULTS: Seven days after modeling, the latent period and swimming course of mice (82.3 +/- 32.0 seconds and 986.7 +/- 414.5 cm) were longer than those of control (sham-operated mice, 35.3 +/- 37.9 seconds and 410.4 +/- 507.0 cm, P < 0.01). Administration of NFCG could ameliorate these changes to 30.6 +/- 31.3 seconds and 378.1 +/- 386.3 cm (P < 0.01) and normalized. In the model animals, the choline acetylase activity in brain cortex and hippocampus was 35.64 +/- 4.96 and 45.08 +/- 4.96 respectively, which was significantly lower than that in the control (40.52 +/- 4.74 and 53.96 +/- 8.53); so was the activity of cholinergic receptor M in cerebral cortex (44.41 +/- 10.67 vs 57.56 +/- 6.98) and the activity of cholinergic receptor N in cerebral cortex and hippocampus (232.41 +/- 21.99 and 303.72 +/- 72 +/- 28.78 vs 276.66 +/- 32.46 and 385.56 +/- 46.88), P < 0.05 or P < 0.01. Administration of NFCG also could reverse them and elevate to normal level. CONCLUSION: NFCG has protective function on intellectual deficits in cerebral ischemic mice, which may be related to its action in enhancing function of cholinergic system.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Colina O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto , Trastornos de la Memoria/etiología , Ratones , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Receptores Colinérgicos/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/complicacionesRESUMEN
The present study was designed to examine therapeutic efficacy of the root extract of Stephania Tetrandra S. Moore (STMS) (traditional Chinese medicine; Han Fang Ji) for treatment of neovascularization of the retinal capillary (retinopathy) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (STZ diabetic rats) in culture. Recently we have established the culture system in which fetal bovine serum (FBS) in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) induced neovascularization of the retinal capillary and choroidal capillary in normal rats in culture. STZ diabetic rats showed more neovascularization of the retinal capillary and choroidal capillary than did normal rats in culture. In this study, the retinal tissue was removed for the posterior ocular region and cultured in DMEM containing FBS. The choroidal tissue of the posterior ocular region was also removed and cultured as an internal reference. Administration of STSM (0.91, 9.1 and 91 microg/ml) significantly suppressed neovascularization of the retinal capillary in both STZ diabetic rats and normal rats in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained with the choroidal capillary; administration of STSM suppressed neovascularization of the choroidal capillary in both STZ diabetic rats and normal rats. In order to determine the component of STSM inhibiting neovascularization of the retinal capillary, tetrandrine (a major chemical constituent of STSM) was administered and neovascularization of the retinal capillary was examined in culture. The effect of tetrandrine on the choroidal capillary was also examined as an internal reference. Administration of tetrandrine (0.1, 1.0 and 10 microM) suppressed neovascularization of the retinal capillary in both STZ diabetic rats and normal rats in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained with the choroidal capillary of both STZ diabetic rats and normal rats. We infer, therefore, that STSM has a direct effect on the retinal capillary of posterior ocular region and suppresses neovascularization of retinal capillary in STZ diabetic rats through the activation of tetrandrine. These results suggest that STSM may prevent for delay the progression of retinopathy in diabetic patients.
Asunto(s)
Bencilisoquinolinas , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica , Fitoterapia , Stephania tetrandra/química , Alcaloides/farmacología , Animales , Capilares/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Neovascularización Patológica/prevención & control , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Wenjingtong Composita (WJTC) on blood glucose and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in sciatic nerve of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomized to WJTC prevention group and WJTC treatment group. The levels of blood glucose and AGEs in sciatic nerve of the animals were checked after 12 weeks treatment and compared with that of aminoguanidine (AG) treatment group. RESULTS: Blood glucose level in the WJTC prevention and treatment group, and AGEs in sciatic nerve of the WJTC prevention group and the AG group were lower than those of the non-treated group (P < 0.01). Blood glucose level in the AG group was higher than that in the WJTC prevention group (P < 0.05), but was not significantly different from that in the non-treated group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: WJTC might prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy by decreasing blood glucose and inhibiting AGEs formation in sciatic nerve in STZ-induced diabetic rats.