RESUMEN
At present, as the problem of water shortage and pollution is growing serious, it is particularly important to understand the recycling and treatment of wastewater. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is characterized by reliable mapping of nonlinear behaviors between input and output of experimental data, and thus single/integrated AI model algorithms for predicting different pollutants or water quality parameters have become a popular method for simulating the process of wastewater treatment. Many AI models have successfully predicted the removal effects of pollutants in different wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, this paper reviews the applications of artificial intelligence technologies such as artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector machine (SVM). Meanwhile, this review mainly introduces the effectiveness and limitations of artificial intelligence technology in predicting different pollutants (dyes, heavy metal ions, antibiotics, etc.) and different water quality parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in wastewater treatment process, involving single AI model and integrated AI model. Finally, the problems that need further research together with challenges ahead in the application of artificial intelligence models in the field of environment are discussed and presented.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion for moderate to severe cancer pain.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group，30 cases in each one. In the control group，opioids were taken to relief pain according to the three-step analgesic method of World Health Organization. On the base of the treatment as the control group, intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion were applied at Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Taichong (LR 3), etc. in the observation group, 14 days of treatment were required. The equivalent morphine consumption at the first day and whole course, the scores of cancer quality of life questionnaire-C30 (QLQ-C30) and Hamilton anxiety scale before and after treatment, and the adverse reaction rate were compared in the two groups. The total analgesic effective rate was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The total analgesic effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group, higher than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion can reduce the dose of opioids, improve the quality of life, relief the anxiety in patients with moderate to severe cancer pain, and reduce the incidence of common adverse reaction of opioids.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Puntos de Acupuntura , Dolor en Cáncer/terapia , Calor , Moxibustión , Neoplasias/terapia , Dolor , Calidad de Vida , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a dominant chewing insect endemic in most tea-growing areas in China. Recently some E. obliqua populations have been found to be resistant to the nucleopolyhedrovirus (EoNPV), a host-specific virus that has so far been found only in E. obliqua. Although the resistant populations are morphologically indistinguishable from susceptible populations, we conducted a nationwide collection and examined the genetic divergence in the COI region of the mtDNA in E. obliqua. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA in 17 populations revealed two divergent clades with genetic distance greater than 3.7% between clades and less than 0.7% within clades. Therefore, we suggest that E. obliqua falls into two distinct groups. Further inheritance analyses using reciprocal single-pair mating showed an abnormal F1 generation with an unbalanced sex ratio and the inability to produce fertile eggs (or any eggs) through F1 self-crossing. These data revealed a potential cryptic species complex with deep divergence and reproductive isolation within E. obliqua. Uneven distribution of the groups suggests a possible geographic effect on the divergence. Future investigations will be conducted to examine whether EoNPV selection or other factors prompted the evolution of resistance.