RESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the effect of the addition of surfactants to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the removal of accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD), before and after final irrigation with 17% EDTA, from mesial canals of mandibular molars through microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. METHODOLOGY: Thirty moderately curved mandibular mesial roots with Vertucci type II canal configuration were selected and scanned in a micro-CT device at an isotropic resolution of 22.9 µm. The specimens were assigned to three groups (n = 10) with respect to the root length, degree of curvature of the mesial root, volume and 3D anatomy of the root canals according to the irrigating solution used during root canal preparation: 2.5% NaOCl and 0.1% Benzalkonium Chloride, 2.5% NaOCl and 0.1% Tween 80 and 2.5% NaOCl without additives. The root canals were instrumented up to Reciproc R25 instrument. Then, the specimens were scanned again after canal preparation and after final irrigation with 17% EDTA, and the registered data sets were examined to evaluate the percentage of AHTD. For comparison between the different groups before and after using 17% EDTA, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used with a significance level of 5%. For comparison between the same groups before and after using 17% EDTA, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: None of the irrigant solutions tested was able to completely eliminate hard tissue debris from mesial canals of mandibular molars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of AHTD amongst the different irrigation solutions (P > 0.05). Final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly reduced the percentage of AHTD (P < 0.05), without differences amongst the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of surfactants to NaOCl did not affect the removal of AHTD from mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars. Final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly improved AHTD removal.
Asunto(s)
Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Hipoclorito de Sodio , Cavidad Pulpar , Ácido Edético , Preparación del Conducto Radicular , Tensoactivos , Irrigación TerapéuticaRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of glycerin in the feeding on the lipid profile and cholesterol of the meat of finishing pigs. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial 5x2, being five levels of glycerin in the diet and two genders. Sixty (60) swine of the Topigs genetics (30 barrows and 30 gilts) were used; they presented initial average weight of 79.3+4.0kg and were finished with the weight of 106.2+4.5kg. The levels of glycerin utilized were 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200g/kg in the natural matter. The analyses of lipid and cholesterol profile were conducted in the muscles longissimus dorsi (loin) and semimembranosus (ham) on the left side of the carcasses. Interaction occurred between the levels of crude glycerin in the diet and the sexual category for the profile of fatty acids and cholesterol. On the loin the meat of the barrows presented higher means of C16:0, C16:1, C20:3ω3, C18:1ω9c, Total of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. On the ham, increased means were found for the fatty acids C18:1ω9c, MUFA, activity of ∆9-desaturaseC18 and ElongaseC16-18 in barrows. The sows' meat presented higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids and of the series ω6 for both the cuts. The amount of cholesterol in the sows' meat presented increase according to the level of glycerin in the meat. The barrows' meat presented indices of atherogenicity greater than the gilts. The levels of glycerin altered the lipid profile and cholesterol content according to the sexual category, promoting a distinct effect on the loin and ham.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de glicerina na alimentação sobre o perfil lipídico e colesterol da carne de suínos em terminação. O delineamento experimental foi organizado inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com fatorial 5x2, sendo: cinco níveis de glicerina na dieta e dois sexos. Foram utilizados 60 suínos da genética Topigs (30 machos castrados e 30 fêmeas), apresentando peso médio inicial de 79,3+4,0kg, e foram terminados com peso de 106,2+4,5kg. Os níveis de glicerina utilizados foram de 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200g/kg na matéria natural. As análises de perfil lipídico e de colesterol foram realizadas nos músculos longissimus dorsi (lombo) e semimembranosus (pernil) do lado esquerdo das carcaças. Ocorreu interação entre os níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta e a categoria sexual para o perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol. A carne dos machos castrados apresentou no lombo maiores médias de C16:0, C16:1, C20:3ω3, C18:1ω9c, Total de ácidos graxos Saturados (SFA) e Monoinsaturados (MUFA). No pernil, maiores médias foram verificadas para os ácidos graxos C18:1ω9c, MUFA, atividade da ∆9-desaturaseC18 e ElongaseC16-C18 em machos castrados. A carne das fêmeas suínas apresentou maiores proporções de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e da série ω6 para ambos os cortes. A quantidade de colesterol na carne das fêmeas suínas apresentou aumento em função do nível de glicerina na dieta. A carne dos machos castrados apresentou maiores índices de aterogenicidade que das fêmeas. Os níveis de glicerina alteraram o perfil lipídico e teor de colesterol em função da categoria sexual, promovendo efeito diferenciado no lombo e pernil.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Porcinos , Carne , Lípidos/análisis , Glicerol/análisis , Colesterol/análisis , Información Nutricional , Biocombustibles , Ácidos Grasos/análisisRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of glycerin in the feeding on the lipid profile and cholesterol of the meat of finishing pigs. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial 5x2, being five levels of glycerin in the diet and two genders. Sixty (60) swine of the Topigs genetics (30 barrows and 30 gilts) were used; they presented initial average weight of 79.3+4.0kg and were finished with the weight of 106.2+4.5kg. The levels of glycerin utilized were 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200g/kg in the natural matter. The analyses of lipid and cholesterol profile were conducted in the muscles longissimus dorsi (loin) andsemimembranosus (ham) on the left side of the carcasses. Interaction occurred between the levels of crude glycerin in the diet and the sexual category for the profile of fatty acids and cholesterol. On the loin the meat of the barrows presented higher means of C16:0, C16:1, C20:3ω3, C18:1ω9c, Total of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. On the ham, increased means were found for the fatty acids C18:1ω9c, MUFA, activity of ∆9-desaturaseC18 and ElongaseC16-18 in barrows. The sows' meat presented higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids and of the series ω6 for both the cuts. The amount of cholesterol in the sows' meat presented increase according to the level of glycerin in the meat. The barrows' meat presented indices of atherogenicity greater than the gilts. The levels of glycerin altered the lipid profile and cholesterol content according to the sexual category, promoting a distinct effect on the loin and ham.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de glicerina na alimentação sobre o perfil lipídico e colesterol da carne de suínos em terminação. O delineamento experimental foi organizado inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com fatorial 5x2, sendo: cinco níveis de glicerina na dieta e dois sexos. Foram utilizados 60 suínos da genética Topigs (30 machos castrados e 30 fêmeas), apresentando peso médio inicial de 79,3+4,0kg, e foram terminados com peso de 106,2+4,5kg. Os níveis de glicerina utilizados foram de 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200g/kg na matéria natural. As análises de perfil lipídico e de colesterol foram realizadas nos músculos longissimus dorsi (lombo) e semimembranosus (pernil) do lado esquerdo das carcaças. Ocorreu interação entre os níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta e a categoria sexual para o perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol. A carne dos machos castrados apresentou no lombo maiores médias de C16:0, C16:1, C20:3ω3, C18:1ω9c, Total de ácidos graxos Saturados (SFA) e Monoinsaturados (MUFA). No pernil, maiores médias foram verificadas para os ácidos graxos C18:1ω9c, MUFA, atividade da ∆9-desaturaseC18 e ElongaseC16-C18 em machos castrados. A carne das fêmeas suínas apresentou maiores proporções de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e da série ω6 para ambos os cortes. A quantidade de colesterol na carne das fêmeas suínas apresentou aumento em função do nível de glicerina na dieta. A carne dos machos castrados apresentou maiores índices de aterogenicidade que das fêmeas. Os níveis de glicerina alteraram o perfil lipídico e teor de colesterol em função da categoria sexual, promovendo efeito diferenciado no lombo e pernil.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Porcinos , Colesterol , Glicerol/administración & dosificación , Lípidos , Alimentación Animal , Carne/análisisRESUMEN
The aim of this research was to analyze temporal auditory processing and phonological awareness in school-age children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Patient group (GI) consisted of 13 children diagnosed with BECTS. Control group (GII) consisted of 17 healthy children. After neurological and peripheral audiological assessment, children underwent a behavioral auditory evaluation and phonological awareness assessment. The procedures applied were: Gaps-in-Noise test (GIN), Duration Pattern test, and Phonological Awareness test (PCF). Results were compared between the groups and a correlation analysis was performed between temporal tasks and phonological awareness performance. GII performed significantly better than the children with BECTS (GI) in both GIN and Duration Pattern test (P < 0.001). GI performed significantly worse in all of the 4 categories of phonological awareness assessed: syllabic (P = 0.001), phonemic (P = 0.006), rhyme (P = 0.015) and alliteration (P = 0.010). Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the phonological awareness assessment and Duration Pattern test (P < 0.001). From the analysis of the results, it was concluded that children with BECTS may have difficulties in temporal resolution, temporal ordering, and phonological awareness skills. A correlation was observed between auditory temporal processing and phonological awareness in the suited sample.
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva , Concienciación , Epilepsia Rolándica/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze neurophysiologic aspects of rolandic discharges. METHODS: We reviewed 45 electroencephalograms of patients divided into two groups: those with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) and symptomatic partial epilepsy (SPE), following ILAE criteria (1989). The EEG data analyzed were: horizontal dipole discharges, double spike phenomenon, the extension of epileptiform discharges and background activity. RESULTS: There was a predominance of horizontal dipole between patients with BCECTS compared with patients with SPE; however, this difference was not statistically significant. There was also no statistically significant difference between the two groups when the double spike phenomenon and the extension of discharges beyond the rolandic area were considered. The slower background activity in the SPE group was the only variable with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed similarities between rolandic discharges of two different epilepsy groups. The only reliable parameter to differentiate the groups was the background activity. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that most EEG rolandic features are not pathognomonic of BCECTS, as they are related to the area of the discharges and not to the epileptic syndrome itself.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia Rolándica/patología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Electroencefalografía/clasificación , Epilepsia Rolándica/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Análisis Numérico Asistido por Computador , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) is frequently caused by polymicrogyria (PMG). The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical and psycholinguistic aspects with neuroradiological data of patients with CBPS. METHODS: Thirty-one patients were studied. We performed a clinical investigation of the patients and their families, including MRI scanning, neuropsychological tests and language evaluation. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that: a) prenatal events are associated with the non-familial type of PMG; b) diffuse PMG is associated with pseudobulbar signs, as opposed to BPPP; c) motor deficit is associated with diffuse PMG; d) epilepsy is equally present in patients with both familial or non-familial PMG, but is more frequently seen in patients with diffuse PMG; e) dyslexia and SLI can be a feature of both the diffuse or BPPP, and either familial or sporadic cases of PMG. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of clinical manifestations in CBPS is correlated with the extent of cortical involvement. Most patients with CBPS have a history of speech delay or language difficulties and no epilepsy. Dyslexia can be found in patients with PMG.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/anomalías , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Psicolingüística/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Niño , Dislexia/etiología , Dislexia/patología , Epilepsia/congénito , Epilepsia/etiología , Epilepsia/patología , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/etiología , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/fisiopatología , Pruebas del Lenguaje/estadística & datos numéricos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Malformaciones del Desarrollo Cortical/complicaciones , Malformaciones del Desarrollo Cortical/patología , Malformaciones del Desarrollo Cortical/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/clasificación , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/genética , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Linaje , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Síndrome , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate MRI findings in a large group of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies. METHODS: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies were diagnosed according to clinical and EEG criteria following International League Against Epilepsy recommendations. MRI was performed in a 2.0 T scanner using a previously established epilepsy protocol. Images were reviewed, and any abnormality was reported. Patients were divided in those with and without MRI abnormalities. Comparisons were made between these groups concerning age, age at seizure onset, subsyndrome, EEG findings, and seizure control. RESULTS: Of the 134 MRIs evaluated, 33 (24%) showed abnormalities, most of which (88%) were nonspecific. There were eight main abnormalities: arachnoid cyst, diffuse cortical atrophy, basal ganglia abnormalities (signal alterations and prominent perivascular spaces), ventricular abnormalities (uni- or bilateral increased volume of the lateral ventricles), white matter abnormalities (increased T2 signal in the frontal lobes), reduced hippocampal volume, focal gyral abnormality, and area of gliosis in the frontal lobe. Comparisons between the groups showed a higher proportion of EEG focalities in patients with abnormal MRI, which were in most part concordant with the location of the MRI abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four percent of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies had MRI abnormalities. However, the majority of these abnormalities were nonspecific.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Epilepsia Generalizada/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/anomalías , Mapeo Encefálico , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Epilepsia Generalizada/clasificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Especificidad de ÓrganosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether different types of malformation of cortical development (MCD) are associated with specific patterns of hippocampal abnormalities. METHODS: A total of 122 consecutive patients with MRI diagnosis of MCD (53 males, age range 1-58 years) were included in the study. Hippocampal measurements were made on 1-3 mm coronal T1-weighted MRIs and compared with MRIs of normal controls. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients had focal cortical dysplasia, 5 had hemimegalencephaly, 5 had lissencephaly-agyria-pachygyria, 11 had SLH, 11 had PNH, 12 had bilateral contiguous PNH, 5 had schizencephaly, and 34 had polymicrogyria. The frequency of hippocampal abnormalities in these patients with MCD was 29.5%. A small hippocampus was present in all types of MCD. Only patients with lissencephaly and SLH had an enlarged hippocampus. Abnormalities in hippocampal rotation and shape were present in all types of MCD; however, these predominated in PNH. None of the patients with lissencephaly-agyria-pachygyria or SLH had hyperintense signal on T2 or FLAIR images or abnormal hippocampal internal architecture. CONCLUSION: A small hippocampus was present in all types of MCD; however, the classic MRI characteristics of hippocampal sclerosis were often lacking. Abnormal enlargement of the hippocampus was associated with only diffuse MCD due to abnormal neuronal migration (lissencephaly-agyria-pachygyria and SLH).
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/anomalías , Hipocampo/anomalías , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Hipocampo/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Examen Neurológico , Neuronas/patología , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Epilepsy and headache are both frequent in childhood. Because seizures are frequently a frightening event, other medical conditions--including headache--are often neglected not only by the patient, but also by the physician. The objective of this study was to verify the comorbidity between headache and epilepsy in childhood. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted at the pediatric epilepsy clinic of our university hospital. Fifty children with epilepsy and ability to describe their symptoms, between 5 and 18 years old, were interviewed according to a semi-structured questionnaire. The headache was classified according to the International Headache Society. The frequency of headache was compared with the findings of a control group composed by children without epilepsy, siblings of children with epilepsy. RESULTS: Fifty children were evaluated, 29 boys, mean age 11 years. Twenty-three (46 %) patients presented with headache, as opposed to only 1 (2.5 %) in the control group ( p < 0.01). Ten (43.5 %) had migraine, 4 (17.4 %) had tension type headache and in 9 (39.1 %) the type of headache could not be established. In 9/23 (39 %) a temporal relationship between headache and epilepsy was present, 6 postictal and 3 preictal. There was no difference in gender, age, type of seizure and family history of headache in the groups of patients with or without headache. However, most patients with headache were older than 10 years (54.5 %) and had idiopathic epilepsy (65.2 %; p < 0.01). The headache usually started in the same year or after the diagnosis of epilepsy (95 %; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Headache and epilepsy are a common comorbidity in childhood, and occur mostly in children older than 10 years with idiopathic epilepsy. The headache usually starts in the same year or after the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia/complicaciones , Cefalea/complicaciones , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The authors describe clinical, neuroimaging and molecular findings in a group of 15 patients with classic lissencephaly (LIS) and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH). A 1385A-->C mutation was found in the LIS1 gene in one patient with LIS more severe than expected for individuals with missense mutations in LIS1. The authors believe that the site of the mutation, present in a functionally critical region of the protein, could explain the unusual severe phenotype found in this patient.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/anomalías , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/genética , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/genética , 1-Alquil-2-acetilglicerofosfocolina Esterasa , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Mutación Missense , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/patología , FenotipoRESUMEN
El documento describe el trabajo de investigación realizado a través de la cuantificación durante seis meses de la generación de residuos en la instituciones de salud de Comodoro Rivadavia (Argentina). Resultando en 43 instituciones que el 94,5 de los residuos pueden devolverse al fabricante para su disposición recomendaciones de organismos internacionales esto es el 0,65 del total generado. Para evitar su disposición inadecuada se recomienda implementar sistemas de recuperación
RESUMEN
Describe el trabajo de investigación realizado a través de la cuantificación durante seis meses de la generación de residuos en las instituciones de salud de Comodoro Rivadavia (Argentina). Resultando en 43 instituciones que el 94,5 de los residuos pueden devolverse al fabricante para su disposición recomendaciones de organismos internacionales esto es el 0,65 del total generado. Para evitar su disposición inadecuada se recomienda implementar sistemas de recuperación
Asunto(s)
Residuos Peligrosos , Residuos SanitariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Subtle disorders of neuronal migration occur in the brains of some dyslexic patients who presented developmental language disorder (DLD) during early childhood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible neuroanatomical substrate based on neuroimaging evaluation in children with DLD. METHODS: The authors obtained psychological assessment, language evaluation, neurologic examination, and neuroimaging investigation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: children should be at least 4 years of age; primary complaint of language delay; normal hearing; IQ >70; and an informed consent form signed by parents or guardians. Exclusion criteria were severe motor and cognitive handicap. RESULTS: Fifteen children met all inclusion criteria. Ages ranged from 4 to 14 years and 11 were boys. Six patients presented diffuse polymicrogyria (PMG) around the entire extent of the sylvian fissure on MRI, and they had severe clinical manifestation of DLD: they did not speak at all or had mixed phonologic-syntactic deficit syndrome. Six children presented PMG restricted to the posterior aspects of the parietal regions, and they had a milder form of DLD: mainly phonologic programming deficit syndrome. The other three children had different imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS: Developmental language disorder can be associated with polymicrogyria and the clinical manifestation varies according to the extension of cortical abnormality. A subtle form of posterior parietal polymicrogyria presenting as developmental language disorder is a mild form of perisylvian syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/complicaciones , Corteza Cerebral/anomalías , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/etiología , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/patología , Adolescente , Encefalopatías/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/clasificación , Masculino , Fonética , Estudios Prospectivos , SemánticaRESUMEN
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls. In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/psicología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas/normas , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Chromosomal distribution of transposable elements (TEs) Osvaldo and blanco in D. buzzatii was studied in three original natural populations from Argentina (Berna, Puerto Tirol and La Nostalgia) and a colonizer population from the Iberian Peninsula (Carboneras). The Spanish population showed significant differences for Osvaldo and blanco copy numbers when we compared the X chromosome and the autosomes; but it is mainly the accumulation of copies in chromosome 2, where most sites with high insertion frequency were located, that causes the discrepancy with the negative selection model. We found no significant differences in TE frequency between chromosomal regions with different exchange rates, and no evident accumulation of TE was detected within chromosomal inversions where recombination rate is reduced. The Carboneras population shows euchromatic sites of Osvaldo and blanco with high occupancy and others with low copy number. On the contrary, Argentinian populations show only a generalized low occupancy per insertion site. Moreover, the mean copy number of both elements is higher in Spain than in Argentina. All these results suggest an important role of the colonization process in the distribution of TEs. The increase in the copy number of the TEs analysed and their elevated frequency in some chromosomal sites in Carboneras is, most probably, a sequel of the founder event and drift that took place at the time of the colonization of the Old World by D. buzzatii from the New World some 300 years ago.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Drosophila/genética , Genética de Población , Animales , Argentina , Inversión Cromosómica , Femenino , Dosificación de Gen , Elementos de Nucleótido Esparcido Largo , MasculinoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The main features of congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) are pseudobulbar palsy, cognitive deficits, epilepsy, and perisylvian abnormalities on imaging studies, however, the clinical spectrum of this syndrome is much wider than previously believed and may vary from minor speech difficulties to severely disabled patients. The objective of this study was to present the different imaging and clinical findings of 17 patients with CBPS, their genetic background, and the occurrence of prenatal injury during their pregnancies. METHODS: We evaluated 17 consecutive patients with CBPS and divided them into two groups according to the imaging findings: (a) diffuse polymicrogyria around the sylvian fissure and (b) posterior polymicrogyria at the posterior parietal regions. They were systematically interviewed regarding history of prenatal events during their pregnancies, family history of speech difficulties, epilepsy, or other neurologic abnormality. RESULTS: There were seven women, ages ranging from 3 to 41 years (mean, 11.5; median, 7 years). Seven patients had bilateral posterior parietal polymicrogyria (BPPP), and 10 had diffuse bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. All seven patients with BPPP had only minor speech difficulties, none had epilepsy, and all but one had a family history of epilepsy or cortical dysgenesis. In contrast, 10 patients with diffuse bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria had pseudobulbar palsy, four had epilepsy, eight had a history of a major prenatal event, and only four had a family history of epilepsy or developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that diffuse bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria appears to be more related to injuries caused by environmental factors, whereas BPPP has a stronger genetic predisposition. In addition, BPPP appears to have a wider clinical spectrum than previously believed, and may represent a milder extreme within the spectrum of CBPS.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/anomalías , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Lóbulo Parietal/anomalías , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Electroencefalografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/epidemiología , Familia , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/estadística & datos numéricos , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Parálisis Seudobulbar/diagnóstico , Parálisis Seudobulbar/epidemiología , Trastornos del Habla/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Habla/epidemiología , Síndrome , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Antiepileptic drugs may cause worsening of epilepsy by aggravating pre-existing seizures or by triggering new seizure types. There are several reports of adverse effects related to midazolam, but only a few authors reported epileptic manifestations. We report four newborns seen at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our University Hospital, who developed seizures a few seconds after the administration of midazolam. It is difficult to identify the patients at risk, but it is important to be aware and recognize this situation.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia/inducido químicamente , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/efectos adversos , Midazolam/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, genetic and MR characteristics of patients with familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). DESIGN/METHODS: The familial occurrence of MTLE was identified by a systematic search of family history of seizures in patients followed in the authors' epilepsy clinic. All probands and, whenever possible, other affected family members underwent EEG and MR investigations. RESULTS: Twenty-two unrelated families with at least two individuals with MTLE were identified by clinical and EEG findings. Ninety-eight individuals with history of seizures were evaluated. Sixty-eight patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MTLE. MRI was performed in 84 patients, and showed hippocampal atrophy with increased T2 signal in 48 (57%). The distribution of hippocampal atrophy according to the seizure outcome groups was 6 of 13 patients (46%) with seizure remission, 16 of 31 (51%) with good seizure control under medication, and all 16 patients with refractory MTLE. Hippocampal atrophy was found also in patients that did not fulfill the criteria for MTLE: 3 of 10 (30%) patients with febrile seizure alone, 6 of 10 (60%) patients with recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and 1 of 4 (25%) patients with a single partial seizure. CONCLUSION: Familial MTLE is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Hippocampal atrophy was observed in 57% of patients, including those with benign course or seizure remission, indicating that the relationship between hippocampal atrophy and severity of epilepsy might be more complex than previously suspected. In addition, these findings indicate the presence of a strong genetic component determining the development of mesial temporal sclerosis in these families.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/patología , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatología , Hipocampo/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Atrofia/patología , Niño , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linaje , PronósticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the clinical profile of pediatric patients with epilepsy and neurocysticercosis (NC), and compare them with a group of pediatric patients with benign partial epilepsy to determine clinical differences, response to treatment, and prognosis. METHODS: We studied 28 patients (16 girls) with probable or definitive diagnosis of NC and epilepsy and 32 patients (16 girls) with partial benign epilepsy (BE). All patients had normal neurologic examination. We compared NC and BE patients looking for differences in demographics (age at first seizure, gender, family history); clinical presentation (type, frequency, duration, and total number of seizures, duration of epilepsy, status epilepticus, cluster, and postictal deficit); treatment [duration, number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), maximal dose, drug association, number of seizure-free patients, time to obtain control and recurrence after medication discontinuation]; complementary examinations (the first and the last EEG). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.4 years for the 28 NC patients and 4.6 years for the 32 BE patients (p=0.98). We did not find statistical differences between NC and BE in gender, family history, types of seizures, frequency and length of seizures, previous status epilepticus, seizure clustering, and presence of postictal deficits. However, we found that NC compared with BE patients had significant longer AED treatment, more seizures after AED introduction, tried more AEDs and at maximal dose, and in 20%, required polytherapy. The recurrence rate in NC was 54.4% and this was not significantly associated with number of lesions and disease activity seen on CT scans or the presence of EEG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: NC presents with a mild form of epilepsy in terms of seizure severity; however, it is more challenging in regard to drug management and has a less favorable long-term prognosis in terms of seizure remission. The number of lesions or disease activity seen on computed tomography (CT) as well as EEG abnormalities have no prognostic value in childhood epilepsy due to NC.