RESUMEN
AIM: This study evaluated new bone formation activities and trabecular bone microarchitecture within the highly porous region of Trabecular Metal™ Dental Implants (TM) and between the threads of Tapered Screw-Vent® Dental Implants (TSV) in fresh canine extraction sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight partially edentulated dogs received four implants (4.1 mmD × 13 mmL) bilaterally in mandibular fresh extraction sockets (32 TM, 32 TSV implants), and allowed to heal for 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Calcein was administered to label mineralizing bone at 11 and 4 days before euthanasia for dogs undergoing all four healing periods. Biopsies taken at each time interval were examined histologically. Histomorphometric assay was conducted for 64 unstained and 64 stained slides at the region of interest (ROI) (6 mm long × 0.35 mm deep) in the midsections of the implants. Topographical and chemical analyses were also performed. RESULTS: Histomorphometry revealed significantly more new bone in the TM than in the TSV implants at each healing time (p = .0014, .0084, .0218, and .0251). Calcein-labeled data showed more newly mineralized bone in the TM group than in the TSV group at 2, 8, and 12 weeks (p = .045, .028, .002, respectively) but not at 4 weeks (p = .081). Histologically TM implants exhibited more bone growth and dominant new immature woven bone at an earlier time point than TSV implants. The parameters representing trabecular bone microarchitecture corroborated faster new bone formation in the TM implants when compared to the TSV implants. TM exhibited an irregular faceted topography compared to a relatively uniform microtextured surface for TSV. Chemical analysis showed peaks associated with each implant's composition material, and TSV also showed peaks reflecting the elements of the calcium phosphate blasting media. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that the healing pathway associated with the highly porous midsection of TM dental implant could enable faster and stronger secondary implant stability than conventional osseointegration alone; however, prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these potential benefits in patients with low bone density, compromised healing, or prior implant failure.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Óseo , Hueso Esponjoso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Implantes Dentales , Tantalio , Titanio , Animales , Hueso Esponjoso/patología , Hueso Esponjoso/ultraestructura , Implantación Dental Endoósea/instrumentación , Perros , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Oseointegración , Proyectos PilotoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the biologic effect in vivo of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle surface modification on commercially pure titanium or titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Miniature cylindric titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants were pretreated with dual acid etching (DAE), and a subset was further modified with HA nanoparticles using discrete crystalline deposition (DCD). The resultant implant surface topography was characterized by interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. Miniature implants of DAE titanium, DAE Ti-6Al-4V, DCD titanium, and DCD Ti-6Al-4V were surgically placed in the femora of rats. After 4 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks of healing, osseointegration was evaluated by implant push-in tests or microcomputed tomography (microCT). Ti-6Al-4V samples were harvested at week 2 and prepared for nondecalcified histology and subjected to bone-to-implant contact (BIC) measurement. RESULTS: DCD treatment generated a complex surface morphology via the bonded HA nanoparticles. However, the amplitude and spatial, hybrid, and functional surface roughness parameters measured at the micron and submicron levels did not depict topographic differences between the DAE and the DCD-modified implants. DAE titanium and DAE Ti-6Al-4V implants showed a sharp increase in push-in values at week 1, followed by a plateau at week 2. DCD titanium and DCD Ti-6Al-4V implants showed similar sharp increases at week 1, but the push-in values continued to increase at week 2. The surrounding bone architecture evaluated by microCT and the BIC ratio did not correlate with the biomechanical implant osseointegration measurement. CONCLUSIONS: DCD-derived surface modification with HA nanoparticles on titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants resulted in progressive osseointegration profiles that were distinctively different from those of DAE controls. Surrogate measurements such as surface roughness parameters and BIC did not predict the biologic effect of the DCD treatment. The data indicate that early osseointegration may be more sensitively regulated by nanoscale surface characteristics.