RESUMEN
The artisanal Colonial cheese is typical of the southern region of Brazil and dates back to the colonization by Italian and German immigrants. Produced with raw milk, it is the main cheese produced by more than 15,200 small rural proprieties. The consumer increasingly appraises food with territorial valorization, demanding specific sanitary norms for this type of cheese. This work aimed to know the physical-chemical characteristics of the cheeses produced in the west of Santa Catarina State, to study the ripening time to reach microbiological safety, and to experimentally observe the survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 during the ripening. The physical-chemical characterization was performed with 129 samples of cheeses. Five dairies were selected for evaluation of the ripening process. Salmonella survival using a challenge test was performed on three batches prepared in a pilot plant. The cheeses were classified as high (15.4%), medium (74.6%), and low moisture (9.2%), and concerning fat content as semi-fat (37.5%) and fat (62.5%). Salmonella challenge test demonstrated their survival for up to 28 days, depending on the initial contamination. The ripening monitoring showed that thermotolerant coliforms could be a good indicator of the process because they are the most persistent microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Queso , Salmonella enteritidis , Animales , Queso/microbiología , Brasil , Microbiología de Alimentos , Manipulación de Alimentos , Leche/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Following the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth enhancers in 2006 by the European Union, alternative products have been sought. Inulin is a prebiotic that is found naturally in many plants. It reaches large intestine of animals unaltered, where it is fermented by beneficial bacteria that comprise the intestinal microbiota. Inulin also inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Consumption of inulin in chicken diets improves performance at slaughter; nevertheless, little is known about its effects on poultry meat. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inulin on feeding of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens (4.0 × 108 CFU) and its consequences on the quality of breast meat. Four hundred Cobb male broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications each, as follows: T1: control treatment, basal diet (DB); T2: DB + 21-day challenged with C. perfringens orally; T3: DB + 21-day challenge with C. perfringens orally +25 mg/kg inulin; T4: DB + 21-day challenge by C. perfringens orally +4.4 mg/kg lincomycin. There were no significant differences between treatments in terms of pH, color parameters (L, a*, b*), water retention capacity, or shear force cooking weight loss. However, we found that the meat of poultry challenged by C. perfringens showed lower lipid peroxidation and increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, suggesting improvement in antioxidant profile. Nitrate/nitrite levels were lower with T3 and higher with T4 than with T1. We therefore conclude that inulin can replace antibiotics as growth promoters without causing changes in the physicochemical characteristics of meat. C. perfringens challenge caused lower lipid peroxidation and stimulated antioxidant responses in breast meat.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Pollos , Infecciones por Clostridium/veterinaria , Clostridium perfringens , Suplementos Dietéticos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Inulina , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Animales , Antioxidantes , Fenómenos Químicos , Análisis de los Alimentos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Carne , Prebióticos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/análisis , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
As autoras acreditam que o Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) é muito estressante tanto para os pacientes quanto para a equipe de enfermagem e acreditam que o sucesso do tratamento depende do relacionamento entre estes dois grupos. Esse artigo pretende investigar a existência de resistência da equipe de enfermagem em assistir pacientes conscientes em CTI; abordando a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (1979) e de acordo com a metodologia utilizada por Magalhäes (1991).