RESUMEN
El retinoblastoma es un tumor de baja frecuencia, que se manifiesta por leucocoria o estrabismo. El pronóstico de la enfermedad es dramáticamente distinto si el diagnóstico es hecho tempranamente, por lo que nuevas estrategias por promover su diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento multidisciplinario están cobrando especial importancia en países en vías de desarrollo, que aún presentan elevadas tasas de mortalidad de la enfermedad.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Neoplasias de la Retina , Retinoblastoma/clasificación , Retinoblastoma/terapia , Retinoblastoma/etiologíaRESUMEN
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder that remains a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and death. To date, no treatment has been found that prevents the development of the disease. Endothelial dysfunction is considered to underlie its clinical manifestations, such as maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and edema; however, the precise biochemical pathways involved remain unclear. A current hypothesis invokes the occurrence of oxidative stress as pathogenically important, as suggested by the fact that in PE, the placental and circulating levels of lipid peroxidation products (F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde [MDA]) are increased and endothelial cells are activated. A potential mechanism for endothelial dysfunction may occur via nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation by oxidative stress. Alternatively, the idea that the antiangiogenic placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 factor (sFlt1) is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease is just emerging; however, other pathophysiological events seem to precede its increased production. This review is focused on evidence providing a pathophysiological basis for the beneficial effect of early antioxidant therapy in the prevention of PE, mainly supported by the biological effects of vitamins C and E.