RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-established treatment for symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis. Yet, the impact of sex differences and public vs. private procedural setting on TAVI outcomes remain uncertain. METHODS: The RIBAC-NT (Brazilian Registry for Evaluation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes) dataset included 3194 TAVI patients from 2009 to 2021. This retrospective analysis explored disparities in baseline characteristics, procedural and in-hospital outcomes stratifying patients by sex and procedural setting. Temporal trends were also investigated. RESULTS: We included 1551 (49 %) female and 1643 (51 %) male patients. Women were older (83 [78-87] vs. 81 [75-85] years; p < 0.01) but had a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus (30.2 % vs. 36.3 %, p < 0.01) and coronary artery disease (39.0 % vs. 52.2 %, p < 0.01). However, women had a 3-fold higher higher risk of life-threatening bleeding (6.1 % vs. 2.4 %, p < 0.01). Women presented higher procedural and in-hospital mortality rates (4.4 % vs. 2.5 % and 7.7 % vs. 4.5 %, all p < 0.01, respectively). Although public hospitals presented ~2-fold higher procedural mortality rate compared with private settings (5.0 % vs. 2.7 %, p < 0.01), after multivariable analysis procedural setting was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Women had higher procedural and in-hospital mortality rates after TAVI as compared with men, while facing higher life-threatening bleeding and adverse events rates. Although public hospitals exhibited higher mortality rates than private centers, procedural setting was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
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BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-established treatment for symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis. Yet, the impact of sex differences and public vs. private procedural setting on TAVI outcomes remain uncertain. METHODS: The RIBAC-NT (Brazilian Registry for Evaluation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes) dataset included 3194 TAVI patients from 2009 to 2021. This retrospective analysis explored disparities in baseline characteristics, procedural and in-hospital outcomes stratifying patients by sex and procedural setting. Temporal trends were also investigated. RESULTS: We included 1551 (49 %) female and 1643 (51 %) male patients. Women were older (83 [78-87] vs. 81 [75-85] years; p < 0.01) but had a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus (30.2 % vs. 36.3 %, p < 0.01) and coronary artery disease (39.0 % vs. 52.2 %, p < 0.01). However, women had a 3-fold higher higher risk of life-threatening bleeding (6.1 % vs. 2.4 %, p < 0.01). Women presented higher procedural and in-hospital mortality rates (4.4 % vs. 2.5 % and 7.7 % vs. 4.5 %, all p < 0.01, respectively). Although public hospitals presented ~2-fold higher procedural mortality rate compared with private settings (5.0 % vs. 2.7 %, p < 0.01), after multivariable analysis procedural setting was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Women had higher procedural and in-hospital mortality rates after TAVI as compared with men, while facing higher life-threatening bleeding and adverse events rates. Although public hospitals exhibited higher mortality rates than private centers, procedural setting was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Caracteres Sexuales , Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Estenosis de la Válvula AórticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are some controversies about the prognostic impact of MR in survival of TAVI patients. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between TAVI and MR in a patient population from the Brazilian TAVI Registry. METHODS: Seven hundred and ninety-five patients from the Brazilian TAVI Registry were divided at baseline, discharge, and follow-up according to their MR grade as follows: absent/mild (AMMR) or moderate/severe (MSMR). They were subsequently regrouped according to their immediate and late changes in MR severity after TAVI as follows: no change, improved, or worsened MR. Predictors and prognostic impact on baseline as well as changes in MR severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Baseline MSMR was present in 19.3% of patients and was a predictor of increased late mortality. Immediately after TAVI, 47.4 % of cases improved to AMMR, predicted by a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and a higher grade of baseline aortic regurgitation. Upon follow-up, 9.2% of cases of AMMR worsened to MSMR, whereas 36.8% of cases of MSMR improved to AMMR. Lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and improvement in LVEF at follow-up were predictors of MR improvement. Progressive worsening of MR upon follow-up was an independent predictor of higher late mortality after TAVI (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline MSMR predicts late mortality after TAVI. Lower LVEF and improved LVEF at follow-up predict MR improvement after TAVI. Progressive worsening of MR severity at follow-up is an independent predictor of late mortality, which is a rare finding in the literature.
FUNDAMENTO: A regurgitação mitral (RM) é prevalente em pacientes submetidos a implante transcateter de válvula aórtica (TAVI). Há algumas controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da RM na sobrevida de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. OBJETIVO: Examinar a relação entre TAVI e RM em uma população de pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI. MÉTODOS: Setecentos e noventa e cinco pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI foram divididos na linha de base, alta e acompanhamento de acordo com o grau da RM da maneira seguinte: ausente/leve (RMAL) ou moderado/grave (RMMG). Eles foram subsequentemente reagrupados de acordo com as mudanças imediatas e tardias na gravidade da RM após TAVI da maneira seguinte: RM sem mudança, melhora ou piora. Foram analisados os preditores e o impacto prognóstico na linha de base, bem como as mudanças na gravidade da RM. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: RMMG basal estava presente em 19,3% dos pacientes e foi um preditor de aumento da mortalidade tardia. Imediatamente após o TAVI, 47,4% dos casos melhoraram para RMAL, previsto por uma pontuação mais alta da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e um grau mais alto de regurgitação aórtica basal. No acompanhamento, 9,2% dos casos de RMAL pioraram para RMMG, enquanto 36,8% dos casos de RMMG melhoraram para RMAL. Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) mais baixa na linha de base e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento foram preditores de melhora da RM. Piora progressiva da RM no acompanhamento foi um preditor independente de maior mortalidade tardia após TAVI (p = 0,005). CONCLUSÕES: A RMMG na linha de base é um preditor de mortalidade tardia após TAVI. FEVE mais baixa e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento são preditores de melhora da RM após TAVI. A pior progressiva da gravidade da RM durante o acompanhamento é um preditor independente de mortalidade tardia; isto é um achado raro na literatura.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Brasil , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Volumen Sistólico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Resumo Fundamento A regurgitação mitral (RM) é prevalente em pacientes submetidos a implante transcateter de válvula aórtica (TAVI). Há algumas controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da RM na sobrevida de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. Objetivo Examinar a relação entre TAVI e RM em uma população de pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI. Métodos Setecentos e noventa e cinco pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI foram divididos na linha de base, alta e acompanhamento de acordo com o grau da RM da maneira seguinte: ausente/leve (RMAL) ou moderado/grave (RMMG). Eles foram subsequentemente reagrupados de acordo com as mudanças imediatas e tardias na gravidade da RM após TAVI da maneira seguinte: RM sem mudança, melhora ou piora. Foram analisados os preditores e o impacto prognóstico na linha de base, bem como as mudanças na gravidade da RM. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados RMMG basal estava presente em 19,3% dos pacientes e foi um preditor de aumento da mortalidade tardia. Imediatamente após o TAVI, 47,4% dos casos melhoraram para RMAL, previsto por uma pontuação mais alta da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e um grau mais alto de regurgitação aórtica basal. No acompanhamento, 9,2% dos casos de RMAL pioraram para RMMG, enquanto 36,8% dos casos de RMMG melhoraram para RMAL. Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) mais baixa na linha de base e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento foram preditores de melhora da RM. Piora progressiva da RM no acompanhamento foi um preditor independente de maior mortalidade tardia após TAVI (p = 0,005). Conclusões A RMMG na linha de base é um preditor de mortalidade tardia após TAVI. FEVE mais baixa e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento são preditores de melhora da RM após TAVI. A pior progressiva da gravidade da RM durante o acompanhamento é um preditor independente de mortalidade tardia; isto é um achado raro na literatura.
Abstract Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are some controversies about the prognostic impact of MR in survival of TAVI patients. Objective To examine the relationship between TAVI and MR in a patient population from the Brazilian TAVI Registry. Methods Seven hundred and ninety-five patients from the Brazilian TAVI Registry were divided at baseline, discharge, and follow-up according to their MR grade as follows: absent/mild (AMMR) or moderate/severe (MSMR). They were subsequently regrouped according to their immediate and late changes in MR severity after TAVI as follows: no change, improved, or worsened MR. Predictors and prognostic impact on baseline as well as changes in MR severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Baseline MSMR was present in 19.3% of patients and was a predictor of increased late mortality. Immediately after TAVI, 47.4 % of cases improved to AMMR, predicted by a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and a higher grade of baseline aortic regurgitation. Upon follow-up, 9.2% of cases of AMMR worsened to MSMR, whereas 36.8% of cases of MSMR improved to AMMR. Lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and improvement in LVEF at follow-up were predictors of MR improvement. Progressive worsening of MR upon follow-up was an independent predictor of higher late mortality after TAVI (p = 0.005). Conclusions Baseline MSMR predicts late mortality after TAVI. Lower LVEF and improved LVEF at follow-up predict MR improvement after TAVI. Progressive worsening of MR severity at follow-up is an independent predictor of late mortality, which is a rare finding in the literature.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Volumen Sistólico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Brasil , Estudios de Seguimiento , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Ondine's curse is one of the most enchanting mythical tales in the field of Medicine. The nymph Ondine was an immortal water spirit who became human after falling in love for a man, marrying him, and having a baby. In one of the versions of the tale, when she caught her husband sleeping with another woman, she cursed him to remain awake in order to control his own breathing. During the 19th century, the rare syndrome characterized by loss of autonomic breath control, while voluntary respiration remains intact, was cleverly named "Ondine's curse". Nowadays, the term Ondine's curse is usually associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; however, in medical literature, it also designates several respiratory disorders. Here, we present a review of the myth focused on history, arts and medicine.
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Abstract Background: Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an effective alternative to oral anticoagulation (OA) for the prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Objective: To present the immediate results and late outcomes of patients submitted to LAAC and included in the Brazilian Registry of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure. Methods: 91 patients with NVAF, high stroke risk (CHA2DS2VASc score = 4.5 ± 1.5) and restrictions to OAC (HAS-BLED score = 3.6 ± 1.0) underwent 92 LAAC procedures using either the Amplatzer cardiac plug or the Watchman device in 11 centers in Brazil, between late 2010 and mid 2016. Results: Ninety-six devices were used (1.04 device/procedure, including an additional non-dedicated device), with a procedural success rate of 97.8%. Associated procedures were performed in 8.7% of the patients. Complete LAAC was obtained in 93.3% of the successful cases. In cases of incomplete closure, no residual leak was larger than 2.5 mm. One patient needed simultaneous implantation of 2 devices. There were 7 periprocedural major (5 pericardial effusions requiring pericardiocentesis, 1 non-dedicated device embolization and 1 coronary air embolism without sequelae) and 4 minor complications. After 128.6 patient-years of follow-up there were 3 deaths unrelated to the procedure, 2 major bleedings (one of them in a patient with an unsuccessful LAAC), thrombus formation over the device in 2 cases (both resolved after resuming OAC for 3 months) and 2 strokes (2.2%). Conclusions: In this multicenter, real world registry, that included patients with NVAF and high thromboembolic and bleeding risks, LAAC effectively prevented stroke and bleeding when compared to the expected rates based on CHA2DS2VASc and HASBLED scores for this population. Complications rate of the procedure was acceptable considering the beginning of the learning curve of most of the involved operators.
Resumo Fundamento: A oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo (OAAE) é uma alternativa eficaz à anticoagulação oral (ACO) para a prevenção de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em pacientes com fibrilação atrial não-valvular (FANV). Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados imediatos e o seguimento tardio de pacientes submetidos a OAAE e incluídos no Registro Brasileiro de Oclusão Percutânea do Apêndice Atrial Esquerdo. Métodos: 91 pacientes com FANV, alto risco de AVC (escore CHA2DS2VASc = 4,5 ± 1,5) e restrição à AO (escore HAS-BLED = 3,6 ± 1,0) foram submetidos a 92 procedimentos de OAAE com as próteses Amplatzer Cardiac Plug e Watchman em 11 centros do Brasil, entre o final de 2010 e a metade de 2016. Resultados: Utilizaram-se 96 próteses no total (1,04 próteses/procedimento, incluindo-se o uso de 1 prótese não-dedicada adicional em um dos casos), obtendo-se sucesso em 97,8% dos procedimentos. Realizaram-se procedimentos associados à OAAE em 8,7% dos pacientes. Observou-se oclusão total do AAE em 93,3% dos casos com sucesso, e nos casos de oclusão incompleta, nenhum leak foi > 2,5 mm. Um paciente necessitou do implante simultâneo de 2 próteses. Houve 7 complicações maiores periprocedimento (5 derrames pericárdicos necessitando pericardiocentese, 1 embolização da prótese não-dedicada e 1 embolia aérea coronariana sem sequelas) e 4 menores. No seguimento de 128,6 pacientes-ano, houve 3 óbitos não relacionados ao procedimento, 2 sangramentos maiores (um deles em um dos casos de insucesso da OAAE), formação de trombo sobre a prótese em 2 casos (tratados com sucesso com reinstituição da ACO por 3 meses), e 2 AVCs (2,2%). Conclusões: Neste registro multicêntrico de mundo real, que incluiu pacientes com FANV e alto risco de sangramento e de eventos tromboembólicos, a OAAE foi eficaz na prevenção de AVC e sangramento quando comparada às taxas de AVC previstas pelos escores CHA2DS2VASc e HASBLED para esta população. O índice de complicações do procedimento foi aceitável, considerando se tratar do início da curva de aprendizado da maioria dos operadores envolvidos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Apéndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an effective alternative to oral anticoagulation (OA) for the prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). OBJECTIVE: To present the immediate results and late outcomes of patients submitted to LAAC and included in the Brazilian Registry of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure. METHODS: 91 patients with NVAF, high stroke risk (CHA2DS2VASc score = 4.5 ± 1.5) and restrictions to OAC (HAS-BLED score = 3.6 ± 1.0) underwent 92 LAAC procedures using either the Amplatzer cardiac plug or the Watchman device in 11 centers in Brazil, between late 2010 and mid 2016. RESULTS: Ninety-six devices were used (1.04 device/procedure, including an additional non-dedicated device), with a procedural success rate of 97.8%. Associated procedures were performed in 8.7% of the patients. Complete LAAC was obtained in 93.3% of the successful cases. In cases of incomplete closure, no residual leak was larger than 2.5 mm. One patient needed simultaneous implantation of 2 devices. There were 7 periprocedural major (5 pericardial effusions requiring pericardiocentesis, 1 non-dedicated device embolization and 1 coronary air embolism without sequelae) and 4 minor complications. After 128.6 patient-years of follow-up there were 3 deaths unrelated to the procedure, 2 major bleedings (one of them in a patient with an unsuccessful LAAC), thrombus formation over the device in 2 cases (both resolved after resuming OAC for 3 months) and 2 strokes (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter, real world registry, that included patients with NVAF and high thromboembolic and bleeding risks, LAAC effectively prevented stroke and bleeding when compared to the expected rates based on CHA2DS2VASc and HASBLED scores for this population. Complications rate of the procedure was acceptable considering the beginning of the learning curve of most of the involved operators.
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Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Anciano , Apéndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a relatively new medical intervention. Research on dedicated TAVI devices is an exciting and dynamic field to be explored by professionals involved in technological innovation. The authors describe in this article the first engineering concept and part of the US Patent of a new valve prosthesis. Divided into two pieces to be separately implanted using a single catheter by means of an innovative technique, this device aims at reducing prosthesis and delivery catheter profile. Miniaturization of the valve and delivery system is probably the best solution to reduce the morbidity and mortality that derive from vascular complications associated with TAVI.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Humanos , Diseño de Prótesis , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Background: Morbimortality in patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy is high, even under optimal medical treatment. Autologous infusion of bone marrow adult stem cells has shown promising preliminary results in these patients. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of autologous transplantation of bone marrow adult stem cells on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, and on the degree of mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy in functional classes NYHA II and III. Methods: We administered 4,54 x 108 ± 0,89 x 108 bone marrow adult stem cells into the coronary arteries of 24 patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy in functional classes NYHA II and III. Changes in functional class, systolic and diastolic left ventricular function and degree of mitral regurgitation were assessed after 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. Results: During follow-up, six patients (25%) improved functional class and eight (33.3%) kept stable. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved 8.9%, 9.7% e 13.6%, after 3, 6 and 12 months (p = 0.024; 0.017 and 0.018), respectively. There were no significant changes neither in diastolic left ventricular function nor in mitral regurgitation degree. A combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation was implanted in two patients (8.3%). Four patients (16.6%) had sudden death and four patients died due to terminal cardiac failure. Average survival of these eight patients was 2.6 years. Conclusion: Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow adult stem cells was associated with an improvement or stabilization of functional class and an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting the efficacy of this intervention. There were no significant changes neither in left ventricular diastolic function nor in the degree of mitral regurgitation. .
Fundamento: Pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática apresentam alta morbimortalidade, mesmo em tratamento clínico otimizado. A infusão autóloga de células-tronco adultas da medula óssea mostrou resultados clínicos preliminares promissores nesses pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia do transplante autólogo de células-tronco adultas da medula óssea sobre as funções sistólica e diastólica, e o grau de insuficiência mitral em pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática em classes funcionais NYHA II e III. Métodos: Infundiram-se 4,54 x 108 ± 0,89 x 108 células-tronco adultas da medula óssea nas artérias coronárias de 24 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática em classes funcionais NYHA II e III. Após 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano, avaliaram-se as mudanças de classe funcional, das funções ventricular esquerda sistólica e diastólica, e do grau da insuficiência mitral. Resultados: No seguimento, seis (25%) pacientes melhoraram sua classe funcional e oito (33,3%) mantiveram sua classe funcional inicial. A fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda aumentou 8,9%, 9,7% e 13,6%, após 3 e 6 meses e 1 ano (p = 0,024; p = 0,017 e p = 0,018), respectivamente. A função diastólica ventricular esquerda e o grau de insuficiência mitral não demonstraram mudanças significativas. Dois pacientes (8,3%) receberam cardioversor e ressincronizador implantável. Ocorreram quatro (16,6%) mortes súbitas e quatro (16,6%) mortes por insuficiência cardíaca terminal. A sobrevida média desses oitos pacientes foi de 2,6 anos. Conclusão: A infusão intracoronariana de células-tronco adultas da medula óssea em pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática promoveu melhora ...
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células Madre Adultas/trasplante , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/cirugía , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/mortalidad , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/mortalidad , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Diástole/fisiología , Ecocardiografía Doppler , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/fisiopatología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Sístole/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trasplante Autólogo/métodos , Trasplante Autólogo/mortalidad , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Morbimortality in patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy is high, even under optimal medical treatment. Autologous infusion of bone marrow adult stem cells has shown promising preliminary results in these patients. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effectiveness of autologous transplantation of bone marrow adult stem cells on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, and on the degree of mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy in functional classes NYHA II and III. METHODS: We administered 4,54 x 10(8) ± 0,89 x 10(8) bone marrow adult stem cells into the coronary arteries of 24 patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy in functional classes NYHA II and III. Changes in functional class, systolic and diastolic left ventricular function and degree of mitral regurgitation were assessed after 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: During follow-up, six patients (25%) improved functional class and eight (33.3%) kept stable. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved 8.9%, 9.7% e 13.6%, after 3, 6 and 12 months (p = 0.024; 0.017 and 0.018), respectively. There were no significant changes neither in diastolic left ventricular function nor in mitral regurgitation degree. A combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation was implanted in two patients (8.3%). Four patients (16.6%) had sudden death and four patients died due to terminal cardiac failure. Average survival of these eight patients was 2.6 years. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow adult stem cells was associated with an improvement or stabilization of functional class and an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting the efficacy of this intervention. There were no significant changes neither in left ventricular diastolic function nor in the degree of mitral regurgitation.
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Células Madre Adultas/trasplante , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/mortalidad , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/mortalidad , Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Diástole/fisiología , Ecocardiografía Doppler , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/fisiopatología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Sístole/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Trasplante Autólogo/métodos , Trasplante Autólogo/mortalidad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiologíaRESUMEN
FUNDAMENTO: A oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo (OAAE) surgiu como alternativa à anticoagulação oral (AO) para prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em pacientes com fibrilação atrial não-valvular (FANV). OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados imediatos e o seguimento clínico de pacientes submetidos a OAAE com o Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) em um único centro de referência. MÉTODOS: Oitenta e seis pacientes consecutivos com FANV, contra-indicação à AO e escore CHADS2= 2,6±1,2 foram submetidos a OAAE com implante de ACP. Realizou-se seguimento clínico e ecocardiográfico no mínimo 4 meses após o implante. RESULTADOS: Todos os implantes foram guiados apenas por angiografia. O sucesso do procedimento foi de 99% (1 insucesso por tamponamento cardíaco e consequente suspensão da OAAE). Houve 4 complicações maiores (o tamponamento já referido, 2 AVCs transitórios e uma embolização com retirada percutânea da prótese) e duas menores (um derrame pericárdico sem tamponamento e uma pequena comunicação interatrial evidenciada no seguimento). Houve 1 óbito hospitalar após 6 dias, não relacionado à intervenção. Todos os outros pacientes receberam alta sem AO. Após seguimento de 25,9 pacientes-ano (69 pacientes) não houve AVCs nem embolizações tardias de próteses. O AAE estava completamente ocluído em 97% dos casos. Seis pacientes apresentaram evidência de trombo sobre a prótese, que desapareceram após reinstituição de AO por 3 meses. CONCLUSÃO: OAAE se associa a um alto índice de sucesso, um índice aceitável de complicações e resultados promissores a médio prazo, podendo ser considerada uma alternativa válida à OA na prevenção do AVC em pacientes com FANV.
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OA) for prevention of thromboembolic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). OBJECTIVE: To describe the immediate results and short- to medium-term clinical follow-up (FU) of patients that underwent LAAC with Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) implantation in a single reference center. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with NVAF, contraindication to OA, and CHADS2 score=2.6±1.2 underwent LAAC with ACP implantation. Clinical and echocardiographic FU was performed at least four months after the procedure. RESULTS: All implants were guided by angiography alone. Procedural success was 99% (one patient suffered a cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis, and the procedure was waived). There were four major complications (the already mentioned cardiac tamponade, two transient ischemic attacks and one device embolization with percutaneous retrieval) and two minor complications (one pericardial effusion without clinical significance and one non-significant ASD evidenced at FU). There was one in-hospital death after six days, unrelated to the procedure. All other patients were discharged without OA. After 25.9 patient-years of FU (69 patients), there were no strokes and no late device embolization. The LAA was completely closed in 97% of the cases. Six patients showed evidence of thrombus formation on the device, which resolved after three months of OA. CONCLUSION: LAAC is associated with high success, acceptable complication rates, and promising FU results, and may be considered a valuable alternative or complement to OA for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/prevención & control , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentación , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Diseño de Prótesis , Factores de Riesgo , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal/efectos adversos , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal/normas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OA) for prevention of thromboembolic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). OBJECTIVE: To describe the immediate results and short- to medium-term clinical follow-up (FU) of patients that underwent LAAC with Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) implantation in a single reference center. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with NVAF, contraindication to OA, and CHADS2 score=2.6 ± 1.2 underwent LAAC with ACP implantation. Clinical and echocardiographic FU was performed at least four months after the procedure. RESULTS: All implants were guided by angiography alone. Procedural success was 99% (one patient suffered a cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis, and the procedure was waived). There were four major complications (the already mentioned cardiac tamponade, two transient ischemic attacks and one device embolization with percutaneous retrieval) and two minor complications (one pericardial effusion without clinical significance and one non-significant ASD evidenced at FU). There was one in-hospital death after six days, unrelated to the procedure. All other patients were discharged without OA. After 25.9 patient-years of FU (69 patients), there were no strokes and no late device embolization. The LAA was completely closed in 97% of the cases. Six patients showed evidence of thrombus formation on the device, which resolved after three months of OA. CONCLUSION: LAAC is associated with high success, acceptable complication rates, and promising FU results, and may be considered a valuable alternative or complement to OA for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF.
Asunto(s)
Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/prevención & control , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentación , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diseño de Prótesis , Factores de Riesgo , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal/efectos adversos , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal/normas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Artéria coronária única é uma anomalia coronária congênita extremamente rara. Embora não seja identificada com muita frequência, por apresentar, em geral, pouca repercussão clínica, a anomalia pode ser causa de isquemia miocárdica significativa e morte súbita. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 80 anos de idade, atendida em fase aguda de infarto agudo do miocárdio, que teve o diagnóstico de artéria coronária única durante o cateterismo que precedeu a angioplastia coronária primária. Segue-se uma revisão da literatura, abordando a classificação dessa anomalia, sua fisiopatologia, manifestações e significância clínica, e abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas.
Single coronary artery is an extremely rare congenital coronary anomaly. Although it is not frequently identified, due to the lack of clinical manifestations, it may cause significantmyocardial ischemia and sudden death. We report the case of an 80-year old woman who had an acute myocardialinfarction and was found to have a single coronary artery during primary coronary angioplasty. A literature review, detailing the classification, pathophysiology, clinical profileand significance, screening and therapeutic approaches of this anomaly is provided.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Hipertensión , Infarto del Miocardio , Electrocardiografía , Vasos CoronariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Central anthropometric indexes are better than the body mass index to discriminate elevated coronary risk. However, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is still the most frequently studied anthropometric index on outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI). OBJECTIVE: To recognize, among several anthropometric indexes of obesity, which one best discriminates MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) after PCI. METHODS: Subjects were 308 patients (mean age 61.92+/-11.06 years, 60.7% of them men) who had undergone successful coronary angioplasties. Six months after the procedure, patients were contacted for clinical follow-up. Major Adverse Cardiac Events included death, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, reintervention, angina, or evidence of myocardial ischemia on a non-invasive test. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (with MACE, n=91, 29.5%), Group 2 (with no MACE, n= 217; 70.45%). For men and women, the anthropometric indexes studied and their respective cut-off points were waist circumference >90/80 cm, Waist-Hip Ratio > 0.90/0.80 cm, Conicity Index > 1.25/1.18, and Body Mass Index > or =30. RESULTS: There were more cases of familial history and previous infarct in Group 2. For men, waist circumference >90 cm (p=0.0498) in multivariate analyses was an independent predictor of MACE. BMI was not related to MACE. In Group 1, the prevalence of an elevated BMI was significantly different compared to the other anthropometric indexes studied (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Waist circumference was an independent predictor of MACE in men. Body Mass Index was not related to MACE and was the least frequent anthropometric index in the MACE group.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón/efectos adversos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Enfermedad Coronaria/terapia , Obesidad/complicaciones , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/análisis , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/clasificación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Pronóstico , Distribución por Sexo , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
FUNDAMENTO: Para discriminar risco coronariano elevado, indicadores de obesidade central são melhores do que o Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC), que é ainda o índice antropométrico (IA) mais utilizado para seguimento após intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP). OBJETIVO: Reconhecer, entre os índices antropométricos (IA), os que melhor se correlacionam com ocorrência de desfechos após intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP). MÉTODOS: Foram considerados 308 pacientes (p), idade média de 61,92±11,06 anos, 60,7 por cento do sexo masculino, submetidos a ICP com stent. Após seis meses, pesquisaram-se os desfechos: óbito, reintervenção por ICP ou cirurgia cardíaca, exame não-invasivo alterado por isquemia ou sintomas anginosos. Os p foram divididos em: Grupo 1 (com desfechos, n=91; 29,5 por cento) e Grupo 2 (sem desfechos, n=217; 70,45 por cento). No sexo masculino e feminino, os IA estudados e seus respectivos pontos de corte foram: circunferência abdominal (CA) > 90/80 cm, relação cintura-quadril (RCQ) > 0,90/0,80cm, índice de conicidade (IC) >1,25/1,18 e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) >30 para ambos os sexos. RESULTADOS: Os grupos diferiram quanto à maior ocorrência de histórico familiar e infarto prévio no Grupo 2. No sexo masculino, CA > 90 cm (p=0,0498) foi, em análise multivariada, preditor independente de desfechos. IMC não foi preditor de eventos. No Grupo 1, a probabilidade de ocorrência de IMC alterada é significativamente menor do que a ocorrência dos outros IA estudados (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: CA anormal comportou-se como preditor independente de ocorrência de desfechos no sexo masculino dessa população pós-ICP. IMC elevado não foi preditor de desfechos e foi o índice antropométrico menos prevalente em pacientes com eventos.
BACKGROUND: Central anthropometric indexes are better than the body mass index to discriminate elevated coronary risk. However, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is still the most frequently studied anthropometric index on outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI). OBJECTIVE: To recognize, among several anthropometric indexes of obesity, which one best discriminates MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) after PCI. METHODS: Subjects were 308 patients (mean age 61.92±11.06 years, 60.7 percent of them men) who had undergone successful coronary angioplasties. Six months after the procedure, patients were contacted for clinical follow-up. Major Adverse Cardiac Events included death, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, reintervention, angina, or evidence of myocardial ischemia on a non-invasive test. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (with MACE, n=91, 29.5 percent), Group 2 (with no MACE, n= 217; 70.45 percent). For men and women, the anthropometric indexes studied and their respective cut-off points were waist circumference >90/80 cm, Waist-Hip Ratio > 0.90/0.80cm, Conicity Index > 1.25/1.18, and Body Mass Index > 30. RESULTS: There were more cases of familial history and previous infarct in Group 2. For men, waist circumference >90cm (p=0.0498) in multivariate analyses was an independent predictor of MACE. BMI was not related to MACE. In Group 1, the prevalence of an elevated BMI was significantly different compared to the other anthropometric indexes studied (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Waist circumference was an independent predictor of MACE in men. Body Mass Index was not related to MACE and was the least frequent anthropometric index in the MACE group.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón/efectos adversos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Enfermedad Coronaria/terapia , Obesidad/complicaciones , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Biomarcadores/análisis , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Obesidad/clasificación , Pronóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Distribución por Sexo , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
Introdução: Não há critérios de obesidade específicos para a população brasileira. Os pontos de corte preconizados para os sexos feminino e masculino (circunferência abdominal [CA] 80 cm e 90 cm, relação cintura-quadril [RCQ] 0,80 e 0,90, índice de conicidade 1,18 e 1,25, e índice de massa corporal [IMC] 30, respectivamente) necessitam ser validados como fatores prognósticos após intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os pontos de corte de índices antropométricos da população estudada e compará-los à literatura, quanto à ocorrência de desfechos pós-ICP. Método: Foram incluídos nesta análise 308 pacientes submetidos a ICP, predominantemente do sexo masculino (60,7%), com idade de 61,9 ± 11,1 anos. Após seis meses, pesquisaram-se os desfechos óbito, infarto agudo do miocárdio, revascularização do vaso-alvo, angina ou prova funcional isquêmica. Os pacientes foram divididos em: Grupo 1 (com desfechos; n = 91) e Grupo 2 (sem desfechos; n = 217). Para obtenção dos pontos de corte, foram construídas curvas receiver operating characteristic (ROC) dos índices antropométricos versus desfechos. Resultados: Nas mulheres, os pontos de corte encontrados foram: CA, 102 cm; RCQ, 0,93; índice de conicidade, 1,18; e IMC, 24,5. Nos homens, os pontos de corte foram: CA, 102 cm; RCQ, 0,94; índice de conicidade, 1,24; e IMC, 24,98. Comparados à literatura, os valores obtidos de CA e RCQ, para ambos os sexos, ganharam em especificidade, mas perderam em sensibilidade, enquanto o contrário foi observado para o IMC. O índice de conicidade coincidiu com os valores da literatura no sexo feminino; no sexo masculino, porém, aumentou a sensibilidade, mas diminuiu a especificidade. O poder discriminatório foi baixo para todos os índices, que não se mostraram preditores de desfechos no médio prazo pós-ICP. Conclusão: Nesta comparação, os pontos de corte dos índices antropométricos que melhor se correlacionam com desfechos...
Background: No evidence supports obesity cutoff points recommended by literature for the Brazilian population. Some female/male known cutoff points are: waist circumference (WC) 80/90cm, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) 0.80/0.90, conicity index (CI) 1.18/1.25, body mass index (BMI) 30. These cutoff points need to be validated for the Brazilian population as prognostic after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objective: To verify cutoff points of obesity anthropometric indexes in this population and to compare them to International Diabetes Federation values for Latin America in determining MACE after PCI. Methods: 308 patients (mean age 61.92 ± 11.06 years old, 60.7% men) undergoing successful PCI. Six months after, patients were contacted for clinical follow-up. MACE included death, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, reintervention or evidence of myocardial ischemia in a non-invasive test. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (with MACE, n = 91), Group 2 (without MACE, n = 217). In order to obtain cutoff points, ROC curves were plotted based on anthropometric indexes and MACE. Results: The cutoff points obtained for women were: WC 102cm, WHR 0.93, CI 1.18 and BMI 24.53. Compared with IDF values, WC and WHR obtained had more specificity (76.83% X 31.71% and 43.9% X 7.32%), BMI had more sensibility (66.67% X 20.51%). For men, the cutoff points were: WC 102 cm, WHR 0.94, CI 1.24 and BMI 24.98. WC and WHR had more specificity (69.63% X 45.19% and 7.41% X 2.94%). BMI and CI had more sensibility (65.38% X 28.85% and 55.77% X 53.85%). Conclusion: Cutoff points of anthropometric indexes of this population that better correlate with MACE are different than the literature. Our results suggest that, for prognostic information, we need specific anthropometric cutoff points for each population or disease.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón/métodos , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Antropometría/métodos , Obesidad/complicacionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential clinical, echocardiographic and/or hemodynamic predictors of the regression of electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of left atrial enlargement (LAE) after successful percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV). METHODS: We studied 24 patients (75% female, mean age =37.1 +/- 11.9 years) with moderate to severe mitral stenosis (MS), sinus rhythm (SR) and ECG signs of LAE who underwent successful PMV between 2002 and 2004. At least 6 months after the procedure (388.2 +/- 192.9 days), the patients returned for clinical, ECG and echocardiographic follow-up. They were then divided in 2 groups: patients of group 1 (n = 8; 33.3%) still had ECG signs of LAE, and patients of group 2 (n = 16; 66.6%), had normal P wave. A multivariate analysis of clinical, ECG, echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables was performed. RESULTS: The mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 1.12 +/- 0.15 cm2 to 1.9 +/- 0.35 cm2 immediately after the procedure (p < 0.0001) and decreased to 1.89 +/- 0.41 cm2 at follow-up (p = NS). Left atrium diameter decreased from 48 +/- 2.9 mm pre-procedure to 43 +/- 4.8 mm at follow-up (p = 0.0001). P-wave duration decreased from 0.12 +/- 0.01 sec pre-PMV to 0.09 +/- 0.02 sec at follow-up (p = 0.0001). An MVA > or = 1.7 cm2 at follow-up was the only independent predictor of a normal P-wave after PMV (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: ECG changes suggestive of LAE regress in the majority of patients with MS and sinus rhythm that undergo a successful PMV. An MVA > or = 1.7 cm2 at late follow-up was found to be an independent predictor of such normalization.