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INTRODUCTION: Including palliative care (PC) in overloaded medical curricula is a challenge, especially where there is a lack of PC specialists. We hypothesised that non-specialised rotations could provide meaningful PC learning when there are enough clinical experiences, with adequate feedback. OBJECTIVE: Observe the effects of including PC topics in non-specialised placements for undergraduate medical students in two different medical schools. DESIGN: Observational prospective study. SETTING: Medical schools in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 134 sixth-year medical students of two medical schools. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study that observed the development of Self-efficacy in Palliative Care (SEPC) and Thanatophobia (TS) in sixth-year medical students in different non-specialised clinical rotations in two Brazilian medical schools (MS1 and MS2). We enrolled 78 students in MS1 during the Emergency and Critical Care rotation and 56 students in MS2 during the rotation in Anaesthesiology. Both schools provide PC discussions with different learning environment and approaches. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: SEPC and TS Scales were used to assess students at the beginning and the end of the rotations. RESULTS: In both schools' students had an increase in SEPC and a decrease in TS scores. CONCLUSION: Non-specialised rotations that consider PC competencies as core aspects of being a doctor can be effective to develop SEPC and decrease TS levels.

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BACKGROUND: As the global population ages, palliative care is ever more essential to provide care for patients with incurable chronic conditions. However, in many countries, doctors are not prepared to care for dying patients. Palliative care education should be an urgent concern for all medical schools all around the world, including Latin America and Brazil. Advances in palliative care education require robust assessment tools for constant evaluation and improvement of educational programmes. Bandura's social cognitive theory proposes that active learning processes are mediated by self-efficacy and associated outcome expectancies, both crucial elements of developing new behaviour. The Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care (SEPC) and Thanatophobia Scales were developed using Bandura's theory to assess the outcomes of palliative care training. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to translate and validate these scales for Brazilian Portuguese to generate data on how well doctors are being prepared to meet the needs of their patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: One Brazilian medical school. PARTICIPANTS: Third-year medical students. METHODS: The authors translated the scales following the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer's recommendations and examined their psychometric properties using data collected from a sample of 111 students in a Brazilian medical school in 2017. RESULTS: The Brazilian versions of SEPC and Thanatophobia Scales showed good psychometric properties, including confirmatory factor analysis, replicating the original factors (factor range: 0.51-0.90), and acceptable values of reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82-0.97 and composite reliability: 0.82-0.96). Additionally, the Brazilian versions of the scales showed concurrent validity, demonstrated through a significant negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the scales may be used to assess the impact of current undergraduate training and identify areas for improvement within palliative care educational programmes. The data generated allow Brazilian researchers to join international conversations on this topic and educators to develop tailored pedagogical approaches.

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O panorama epidemiológico atual mostra um aumento de doenças crônicas ameaçadoras à vida, tornando os Cuidados Paliativos essenciais à prática médica, em todos os níveis de atenção. O papel do médico de família na atenção primária à sáude motivou a Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade a elaborar um currículo baseado em competências, que incluiu os Cuidados Paliativos. Ao analisar e discutir as competências em Cuidados Paliativos, os autores identificaram a necessidade de melhorias e propuseram competências novas e ampliadas. A revisão periódica do currículo deve contemplar as mudanças e avanços na prática do médico de família e atender às demandas de cuidado, incluindo levar Cuidados Paliativos a todos.

The current epidemiological panorama shows an increase in life-threatening chronic diseases. Consequently, palliative care becomes essential to medical practice at all levels of the healthcare system. The role of the family physician in primary health care has motivated the Brazilian Society of Family and Community Medicine to develop a competency-based curriculum, which includes Palliative Care. The authors analysed, discussed and identified the need for improvements in palliative care. Thus, they proposed new and expanded competencies in palliative care for Brazilian family physicians. Periodic review of the curriculum should contemplate changes and advances in family physician's practice and meet the demands of health, including palliative care to everybody in primary care.

El panorama epidemiológico actual muestra un aumento de enfermedades crónicas que amenazan la vida, haciendo que los cuidados paliativos sean esenciales a la práctica médica, en todos los niveles de atención. El papel del médico de familia en la atención primaria a la salud motivó a la Sociedad Brasileña de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad a desarrollar un currículo basado en competencias que incluía Cuidados Paliativos. Al analizar y discutir competencias en Cuidados Paliativos, los autores identificaron la necesidad de mejoras y propusieron nuevas y ampliadas competencias. La revisión periódica del currículo debe incluir cambios y avances en la práctica del médico de familia y atender las demandas de cuidados, incluso llevando los Cuidados Paliativos a todos.

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Palliative care providers must seek to improve quality of life despite their patients' life-threating diseases, based on the concept of total pain, which includes physical, psychological and spiritual pain. Understanding the relationship between spiritual coping and psychological symptoms (especially depressive symptoms) could help healthcare teams better address patients' needs. Across-sectional survey with aconvenient sample of ambulatory palliative care patients investigated their psychological pain through the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive (HAD) scale and their use of spirituality using the Brief Religious/spiritual coping (BriefRCOPE) scale. Alinear regression model, using the HADS-depression as outcome variable and the BriefRCOPE as the independent variable, adjusting for confounding variables, investigated the possible association between these variables. Due to methodological limitations, just 40 out 130 potential participants were assessed, with 40percent showing depressive symptoms. In regression model, depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with each other (p = 0.037 and 0.015, respectively) and negative religious/spiritual coping was associated with depressive symptoms (p = 0.033). This study found asignificant relationship between psychological pain and negative spiritual coping mechanisms. Palliative care professionals should be trained to address patients' total pain and spiritual needs, supporting their ability to cope with their suffering.

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Mental health is one of the responsibilities of Brazil's Family Health system. This review of literature sought to understand what position Mental Health occupies in the practice of the Family Health Strategy. A search was made of the scientific literature in the database of the Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), for the keywords: 'Mental Health'; 'Family Health'; 'Primary Healthcare'. The criteria for inclusion were: Brazilian studies from 2009 through 2012 that contributed to understanding of the following question: "How to insert Mental health care into the routine of the Family Health Strategy?" A total of 11 articles were found, which identified difficulties and strategies of the professionals in Primary Healthcare in relation to mental health. Referral, and medicalization, were common practices. Matrix Support is the strategy of training and skill acquisition for teams that enables new approaches in mental health in the context of Primary healthcare. It is necessary for Management of the Health System to take an active role in the construction of healthcare networks in mental health.

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ResumoA Saúde Mental é parte das atribuições da Saúde da Família. Esta revisão procurou entender como a Saúde Mental se insere na prática da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura científica, na Base de Dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com os descritores: "Saúde Mental;" "Saúde da Família;" "Atenção Primária à Saúde". Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos brasileiros de 2009 a 2012 que contribuíssem para a compressão da seguinte pergunta: "Como inserir os cuidados em Saúde Mental na rotina da Estratégia Saúde da Família?". Encontraram-se 11 artigos, que identificam dificuldades e estratégias dos profissionais na Atenção Básica com Saúde Mental. O encaminhamento e a medicalização foram práticas comuns. O Apoio Matricial é a estratégia de capacitação das equipes que permite novas abordagens em Saúde Mental no contexto da Atenção Básica. A Gestão deve ter papel ativo na construção de redes de cuidado em Saúde Mental.

AbstractMental health is one of the responsibilities of Brazil's Family Health system. This review of literature sought to understand what position Mental Health occupies in the practice of the Family Health Strategy. A search was made of the scientific literature in the database of the Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), for the keywords: ‘Mental Health’; ‘Family Health’; ‘Primary Healthcare’. The criteria for inclusion were: Brazilian studies from 2009 through 2012 that contributed to understanding of the following question: "How to insert Mental health care into the routine of the Family Health Strategy?" A total of 11 articles were found, which identified difficulties and strategies of the professionals in Primary Healthcare in relation to mental health. Referral, and medicalization, were common practices. Matrix Support is the strategy of training and skill acquisition for teams that enables new approaches in mental health in the context of Primary healthcare. It is necessary for Management of the Health System to take an active role in the construction of healthcare networks in mental health.

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Os riscos inerentes às hemotransfusões alogênicas são amplamente conhecidos e, embora tenham diminuído nos últimos anos, parece improvável que possam ser completamente eliminados. É fundamental que se avalie corretamente cada paciente, para a adequada indicação transfusional ou a possível substituição por alternativas mais seguras, eficazes e acessíveis. No ciclo gravídico-puerperal, há maior exposição a riscos de anemia, quer a fisiológica quer a decorrente de hemorragias especialmente no periparto. Constituem, assim, um grupo de interesse para se considerar possíveis alternativas ao uso dosangue alogênico. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste nas principais indicações de transfusões na maternidade do Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná (HURNP-UEL). Analisaram-se, retrospectivamente, 206 prontuários, de um total de 6552 pacientes internadas na Maternidade do HURNP, no período de maio de 1999 a julho de 2004, submetidas a 274 transfusões de sangue. Os principais dados coletados foram: epidemiológicos, nível de Hb pré-transfusional, indicações, tocurgias ecomplicações. A média etária foi de 27,5 (14- 44) anos. As indicações mais freqüentes foram: anemiaaguda (62), coagulopatia (7), anemia crônica (7), choque hipovolêmico (6) e outras (9). Em 9 dos casos, não se mencionou nenhuma indicação, e, neles, o nível médio de Hb pré-transfusional foi de 9,6 g/dl. Os produtos hemoterápicos mais utilizados foram: concentrado de hemácias (82), plaquetas(4), plasma (11) e crioprecipitado (3). O nível médio de Hb foi de 7,15 g/dl nas pacientes quereceberam concentrado de hemácias, dentre as quais em 5 a Hb era maior ou igual a 10 g/dl. Astocurgias realizadas incluíram cesáreas, laqueaduras tubárias puerperais, histerectomias puerperais, curetagens, fórceps e partos normais com episiotomia...

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