RESUMEN
It is estimated that the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer is 1 in 5. The identification of risk factors, including age, African-American ancestry, family history, and possibly diet and environmental factors, has allowed health care professionals the opportunity to identify, screen, and study men at the greatest risk of developing prostate cancer. The risk factors, current screening tools, and the informed consent process for men participating in a prostate cancer screening program are outlined.
Asunto(s)
Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/prevención & control , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnesis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Selección de Paciente , Examen Físico , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer (except skin cancer) in men. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer, including age, ethnicity, family history, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. Recognition of the importance of the interaction of these factors in prostate cancer has led to an interest in their evaluation as a model both for studying genetic susceptibility patterns and for studying and providing educational tools and preventive interventions. One such model has been developed at Fox Chase Cancer Center. Critical to the implementation of the model has been the establishment of the Prostate Cancer Risk Registry (PCRR) and Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program (PRAP). Together, they serve as a unique resource for investigating the interaction between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility patterns; exploring the early, premalignant biological markers of prostate cancer; and prospectively assessing the quality of life (QOL) of men at risk. In addition, PRAP facilitates the evaluation of models for prostate cancer risk counseling and screening in the community. This paper describes this model for early detection and risk reduction, along with preliminary data from its first two study aims. The program is particularly relevant in view of the wealth of genetic information emerging from the Human Genome Project.