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One of the main causes of human brucellosis is Brucella melitensis infecting small ruminants. To date, Rev1 is the only vaccine successfully used to control ovine and caprine brucellosis. However, it is pathogenic for pregnant animals, resulting in abortions and vaginal and milk shedding, as well as being infectious for humans. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine that is safer than Rev1. In efforts to further attenuate Rev1, we recently used wzm inactivation to generate a rough mutant (Rev1Δwzm) that retains a complete antigenic O-polysaccharide in the bacterial cytoplasm. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the placental pathogenicity of Rev1Δwzm in trophoblastic cells, throughout pregnancy in mice, and in ewes inoculated in different trimesters of pregnancy. This mutant was evaluated in comparison with the homologous 16MΔwzm derived from a virulent strain of B. melitensis and the naturally rough sheep pathogen B. ovis. Our results show that both wzm mutants triggered reduced cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory signaling in Bewo trophoblasts, as well as reduced relative expression of apoptosis genes. In mice, both wzm mutants produced infection but were rapidly cleared from the placenta, in which only Rev1Δwzm induced a low relative expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory genes. In the 66 inoculated ewes, Rev1Δwzm was safe and immunogenic, displaying a transient serological interference in standard RBT but not CFT S-LPS tests; this serological response was minimized by conjunctival administration. In conclusion, these results support that B. melitensis Rev1Δwzm is a promising vaccine candidate for use in pregnant ewes and its efficacy against B. melitensis and B. ovis infections in sheep warrants further study.

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Engineered live bacteria could provide a new modality for treating lung infections, a major cause of mortality worldwide. In the present study, we engineered a genome-reduced human lung bacterium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia, a disease with high hospital mortality when associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. After validating the biosafety of an attenuated M. pneumoniae chassis in mice, we introduced four transgenes into the chromosome by transposition to implement bactericidal and biofilm degradation activities. We show that this engineered strain has high efficacy against an acute P. aeruginosa lung infection in a mouse model. In addition, we demonstrated that the engineered strain could dissolve biofilms formed in endotracheal tubes of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and be combined with antibiotics targeting the peptidoglycan layer to increase efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We expect our M. pneumoniae-engineered strain to be able to treat biofilm-associated infections in the respiratory tract.

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Brucellosis, a re-emerging zoonotic infection, threatens animal welfare and public health with serious economic consequences. A definitive diagnosis requires Brucella isolation by culturing field specimens in specific media. This study aimed to (i) assess the effectivity of recommended Farrell's médium (FM) and CITA medium (CM) for the isolation of four Brucella melitensis strains (16M, Rev1, and the 16MΔwzm and Rev1Δwzm in-frame deletion mutants) with variable susceptibility to polymyxins; (ii) develop a Brucella selective medium (BSM) suitable for these strains; (iii) test BSM, FM, and CM with other Brucella species; and (iv) develop an improved selective culture medium (BruSIC) for all brucellae, including B. abortus bv1. The four B. melitensis strains were strongly inhibited in FM and (except Rev1) CM. Since Rev1Δwzm's CM inhibition was due to a synergistic effect of colistin and vancomycin, we formulated BSM with half the concentrations of both antibiotics, achieving a similar growth of B. melitensis to blood agar base (BAB) and an inhibition of contaminant microorganisms comparable to CM; CM performance was surpassed by BSM for the primary isolation of B. melitensis when tested in 1,789 real sheep samples. For other brucellae, BSM and CM were more inhibitory than FM for B. abortus bv1 when using plates immediately after preparation but not after ≥4 weeks of storage. To address this, we developed the improved solid medium BruSIC by replacing the calf serum in BSM with activated charcoal. BruSIC yielded faster colony growth than BSM and CM and similar CFU numbers than BAB (including for B. ovis in BAB-Serum) and inhibited accompanying microorganisms in sheep and cow samples as effectively as BSM. IMPORTANCE Farrell's medium (FM) and CITA medium (CM), recommended for Brucella isolation in animal samples, are inhibitory for certain strains. A reformulated Brucella selective medium (BSM), containing half the CM vancomycin and colistin concentrations, improved the isolation of B. melitensis, but not Brucella abortus bv1. A novel Brucella selective culture medium (BruSIC), in which calf serum is replaced by activated charcoal, retains the selectivity and improves the productivity of BSM and CM. BruSIC allows the growth of all brucellae faster than in CM or BSM, and at CFU number equivalent to BAB supplemented by calf serum, including B. abortus bv1 and the serum-dependent Brucella ovis. Due to its performance and reduced cost, BruSIC represents an added-value alternative to the existing selective culture media for these bacteria.

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The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide (O-PS) is the main virulence factor in Brucella. After synthesis in the cytoplasmic membrane, O-PS is exported to the periplasm by the Wzm/Wzt system, where it is assembled into a LPS. This translocation also engages a bactoprenol carrier required for further biosynthesis pathways, such as cell wall biogenesis. Targeting O-PS export by blockage holds great potential for vaccine development, but little is known about the biological implications of each Wzm/Wzt moiety. To improve this knowledge and to elucidate its potential application as a vaccine, we constructed and studied wzm/wzt single- and double-deletion mutants, using the attenuated strain Brucella melitensis Rev1 as the parental strain. This allowed us to describe the composition of Brucella peptidoglycan for the first time. We observed that these mutants lack external O-PS yet trigger changes in genetic transcription and in phenotypic properties associated with the outer membrane and cell wall. The three mutants are highly attenuated; unexpectedly, Rev1Δwzm also excels as an immunogenic and effective vaccine against B. melitensis and Brucella ovis in mice, revealing that low persistence is not at odds with efficacy. Rev1Δwzm is attenuated in BeWo trophoblasts, does not infect mouse placentas, and is safe in pregnant ewes. Overall, these attributes and the minimal serological interference induced in sheep make Rev1Δwzm a highly promising vaccine candidate.

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Abortion and reproductive failures induced by Brucella are the main symptoms of animal brucellosis. Laboratory animal models are essential tools of research to study the Brucella pathogenesis before experimentation in natural hosts. To extend the existing knowledge, we studied B. melitensis 16M (virulent) and Rev1 (attenuated) as well as B. suis bv2 infections in pregnant mice. Here, we report new information about kinetics of infection (in spleens, blood, placentas, vaginal shedding, and foetuses), serum cytokine profiles, and histopathological features in placentas and the litter throughout mice pregnancy. Both B. melitensis strains showed a marked placental tropism and reduced viability of pups (mainly in 16M infections), which was preceded by an intense Th1-immune response during placental development. In contrast, B. suis bv2 displayed lower placental tropism, mild proinflammatory immune response, and scarce bacterial transmission to the litter, thus allowing foetal viability. Overall, our studies revealed three different smooth Brucella patterns of placental and foetal pathogenesis in mice, providing a useful animal model for experimental brucellosis.

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Bovine brucellosis induces abortion in cows, produces important economic losses, and causes a widely distributed zoonosis. Its eradication was achieved in several countries after sustained vaccination with the live attenuated Brucella abortus S19 vaccine, in combination with the slaughtering of serologically positive animals. S19 induces antibodies against the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), making difficult the differentiation of infected from vaccinated bovines. We developed an S19 strain constitutively expressing the green fluorescent protein (S19-GFP) coded in chromosome II. The S19-GFP displays similar biological characteristics and immunogenic and protective efficacies in mice to the parental S19 strain. S19-GFP can be distinguished from S19 and B. abortus field strains by fluorescence and multiplex PCR. Twenty-five heifers were vaccinated withS19-GFP (5×109 CFU) by the subcutaneous or conjunctival routes and some boosted with GFP seven weeks thereafter. Immunized animals were followed up for over three years and tested for anti-S-LPS antibodies by both the Rose Bengal test and a competitive ELISA. Anti-GFP antibodies were detected by an indirect ELISA and Western blotting. In most cases, anti-S-LPS antibodies preceded for several weeks those against GFP. The anti-GFP antibody response was higher in the GFP boosted than in the non-boosted animals. In all cases, the anti-GFP antibodies persisted longer, or at least as long, as those against S-LPS. The drawbacks and potential advantages of using the S19-GFP vaccine for identifying vaccinated animals in infected environments are discussed.

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Bacteria present a promising delivery system for treating human diseases. Here, we engineered the genome-reduced human lung pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a live biotherapeutic to treat biofilm-associated bacterial infections. This strain has a unique genetic code, which hinders gene transfer to most other bacterial genera, and it lacks a cell wall, which allows it to express proteins that target peptidoglycans of pathogenic bacteria. We first determined that removal of the pathogenic factors fully attenuated the chassis strain in vivo. We then designed synthetic promoters and identified an endogenous peptide signal sequence that, when fused to heterologous proteins, promotes efficient secretion. Based on this, we equipped the chassis strain with a genetic platform designed to secrete antibiofilm and bactericidal enzymes, resulting in a strain capable of dissolving Staphylococcus aureus biofilms preformed on catheters in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first engineered genome-reduced bacterium that can fight against clinically relevant biofilm-associated bacterial infections.

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Extensive pig systems are gaining importance as quality production systems and as the standard for sustainable rural development and animal welfare. However, the effects of natural foods on Salmonella epidemiology remain unknown. Herein, we assessed the presence of Salmonella and the composition of the gut microbiota in pigs from both Salmonella-free and high Salmonella prevalence farms. In addition, risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella were investigated. The pathogen was found in 32.2% of animals and 83.3% of farms, showing large differences in prevalence between farms. Most isolates were serovars Typhimurium monophasic (79.3%) and Bovismorbificans (10.3%), and exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile (58.6%). Risk factor analysis identified feed composition, type/variety of vegetation available, and silos' cleaning/disinfection as the main factors associated with Salmonella prevalence. Clear differences in the intestinal microbiota were found between Salmonella-positive and Salmonella-negative populations, showing the former with increasing Proteobacteria and decreasing Bacteroides populations. Butyrate and propionate producers including Clostridium, Turicibacter, Bacteroidaceae_uc, and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the Salmonella-negative group, whereas acetate producers like Sporobacter, Escherichia or Enterobacter were more abundant in the Salmonella-positive group. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of Salmonella in free-range pigs is directly related to the natural vegetation accessible, determining the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

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Low weight at birth may be due to intrauterine growth restriction or premature birth. Preterm birth is more common in low- and middle-income countries: 60% of preterm birth occur in sub-Saharan African or South Asian countries. However, in some higher-income countries, preterm birth rates appear to be increasing in relation to a reduction in the lower threshold of fetal viability. The cutoff is at 22-23 weeks, with a birth weight of approximately 500 g, although in developed countries such as Japan, the viability cutoff described is 21-22 weeks. There is evidence of the long-term consequences of prenatal programming of organ function and its relationship among adult diseases, such as hypertension (HT), central obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Premature delivery before the completion of nephrogenesis and intrauterine growth restriction leads to a reduction in the number of nephrons that are larger due to compensatory hyperfiltration and hypertrophy, which predisposes to the development of CKD in adulthood. In these patients, the long-term strategies are early evaluation and therapeutic interventions to decrease the described complications, by screening for HT, microalbuminuria and proteinuria, ultrasound monitoring, and renal function, with the emphasis on preventive measures. This review describes the effects of fetal programming on renal development and the risk of obesity, HT, and CKD in the future in patients with low birth weight (LBW), and the follow-up and therapeutic interventions to reduce these complications.

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After Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, S. 4,[5],12:i:- is the most reported serovar in human clinical cases. During the past 20 years, many tools have been used for its typing and second-phase flagellar deletion characterization. Currently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and different bioinformatic programs have shown the potential to be more accurate than earlier tools. To assess this potential, we analyzed by WGS and in silico typing a selection of 42 isolates of S. 4,[5],12:i:- and S. Typhimurium with different in vitro characteristics. Comparative analysis showed that SeqSero2 does not differentiate fljB-positive S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains from those of serovar Typhimurium. Our results proved that the strains selected for this work were non-clonal S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains circulating in Spain. Using WGS data, we identified 13 different deletion types of the second-phase flagellar genomic region. Most of the deletions were generated by IS26 insertions, showing orientation-dependent conserved deletion ends. In addition, we detected S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains of the American clonal line that would give rise to the Southern European clone in Spain. Our results suggest that new S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains are continuously emerging from different S. Typhimurium strains via different genetic events, at least in swine products.

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Acute or chronic administration of guanosine (GUO) induces anxiolytic-like effects, for which the adenosine (ADO) system involvement has been postulated yet without a direct experimental evidence. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether adenosine receptors (ARs) are involved in the GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effect, evaluated by three anxiety-related paradigms in rats. First, we confirmed that acute treatment with GUO exerts an anxiolytic-like effect. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with ADO or A1R (CPA, CCPA) or A2AR (CGS21680) agonists 10 min prior to GUO on a GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. All the combined treatments blocked the GUO anxiolytic-like effect, whereas when administered alone, each compound was ineffective as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the pretreatment with nonselective antagonist caffeine or selective A1R (DPCPX) or A2AR (ZM241385) antagonists did not modify the GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. Finally, binding assay performed in hippocampal membranes showed that [3H]GUO binding became saturable at 100-300 nM, suggesting the existence of a putative GUO binding site. In competition experiments, ADO showed a potency order similar to GUO in displacing [3H]GUO binding, whereas AR selective agonists, CPA and CGS21680, partially displaced [3H]GUO binding, but the sum of the two effects was able to displace [3H]GUO binding to the same extent of ADO alone. Overall, our results strengthen previous data supporting GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effects, add new evidence that these effects are blocked by A1R and A2AR agonists and pave, although they do not elucidate the mechanism of GUO and ADO receptor interaction, for a better characterization of GUO binding sites in ARs.

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OBJETIVOS: estudiar las características del prematuro, la participación de los padres, y la interacción con las co-cupaciones. MÉTODOS: realizamos un estudio cuantitativo, transversal descriptivo de 197 bebés entre 0 y 24 meses de edad corregida en un hospital de tercer nivel, en la ciudad de Cali Colombia. En el grupo interprofesional de CANGUROS se evaluaron los componentes reflejos, tónicos y sensoriales; habilidades motoras, adaptativas e integración social, y factores de desarrollo. Además, se analizó la interacción con las ocupaciones. En el proceso se integró a la familia en un plan de mejoramiento. RESULTADOS: la población mostró notorias dificultades en las habilidades motoras. Manifestaron menor dificultad en las habilidades manipulativas, adaptativas, las respuestas a los estímulos sensoriales y reacciones reflejas. Por último, las dificultades en la interacción social y la alimentación fueron mínimas. CONCLUSIÓN: la pronta actuación e intervención de un equipo interprofesional permitió la identificación temprana de riesgos de desarrollo. Esta temprana identificación e intervención de riesgo y los familiares implicados en la recuperación crearon hábitos y rutinas

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the premature infant, the participation of parents, and the interaction with co-sharing. METHODS: It is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study of 197 babies between 0 and 24 months of corrected age in a tertiary hospital, in the city of Cali, Colombia. In the interprofessional group of KANGAROOs, reflex, tonic and sensory components were evaluated; motor skills, adaptive and social integration, and developmental factors. In addition, the interaction with occupations was analyzed. In the process, the family was integrated into an improvement plan. RESULTS: Notorious difficulties were found in motor skills. On the other hand, less difficulty was found in manipulative and adaptive skills, responses to sensory stimuli and reflex reactions. Finally, very few difficulties were found in social interaction and feeding. CONCLUSION: The prompt action and intervention of an interprofessional team allows the early identification of development risks. This early identification facilitates intervention and empowers the family in co-occupations in order to create habits and routines

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OBJECTIVE: To contextualize the performance of nurses/nursing team in the dispensing of materials to assist users in home visits, in primary care. METHODS: Dialectical qualitative study conducted between March and April 2018 in which 24 nurses from primary health care units in the Gloria/Cruzeiro/Cristal District of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, completed the self-administered questionnaire, whose data were treated by thematic content analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Two categories emerged from the empirical corpus: logistic chain of material management for home user assistance; production of services and capacity of the team. CONCLUSION: The work processes related to materials management for home user assistance and the resulting health services production require a look at specificities such as workload and technologies involved, as they move the performance of the nurse/nursing staff.

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Phage lytic proteins are promising antimicrobials that could complement conventional antibiotics and help to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria that cause important human and animal infections. Here, we report the characterization of endolysin LysRODI (encoded by staphylophage phiIPLA-RODI) and its application as a prophylactic mastitis treatment. The main properties of LysRODI were compared with those of endolysin LysA72 (encoded by staphylophage phiIPLA35) and the chimeric protein CHAPSH3b (derived from the virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase HydH5 and lysostaphin). Time-kill experiments performed with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis demonstrated that the killing rate of LysRODI and CHAPSH3b is higher than that of LysA72 (0.1 µM protein removed 107 CFU/ml of S. aureus in 30 min). Of note, all proteins failed to select resistant mutants as bacterial exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the proteins did not alter the MIC values. Additionally, LysRODI and CHAPSH3b were non-toxic in a zebrafish embryo model at concentrations near the MIC (0.5 and 0.7 µM, respectively). Moreover, these two proteins significantly reduced mortality in a zebrafish model of systemic infection. In contrast to LysRODI, the efficacy of CHAPSH3b was dose-dependent in zebrafish, requiring higher-dose treatments to achieve the maximum survival rate. For this reason, LysRODI was selected for further analysis in mice, demonstrating great efficacy to prevent mammary infections by S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Our findings strongly support the use of phage lytic proteins as a new strategy to prevent staphylococcal mastitis.

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Salmonellosis is one of the main foodborne diseases worldwide. Breeding sows asymptomatically infected with Salmonella can transmit the pathogen to piglets and humans. The isolation of Salmonella from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) is considered a demonstration of asymptomatic infection in swine. As previous breeding sow studies have been performed using feces, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Salmonella infections by sampling MLNs, in comparison to their serological status. First, Salmonella fecal shedding was studied in 12/16 large breeding farms to establish the framework of study. Then, MLN (n = 264) and blood (n = 237) samples were obtained at an abattoir from sows of 15 of these 16 breeding farms. Additionally, risk factors associated with Salmonella MLN infection were analyzed. A total of 6.1% (16/264) sows, distributed in 40% (6/15) of the farms, had the pathogen in MLN. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar isolated. Interestingly, 43.8% (7/16) of MLN isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested and were found distributed throughout all farms with at least one sow positive. As well, one isolate of the emerging DT195 clone was detected and found to be resistant to six antibiotic families (ASSuTNx-Cfx). The serovars and the resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates from feces were completely different to those obtained from MLNs. The seroprevalence (41.8% of sows and 100% of farms) was higher than that of MLN infections, showing no concordance (k = 0.15) between these two diagnostic tests in sows. Strategies directed to correct two risk factors (i.e., administration of dry food and old premises) would most likely help to reduce Salmonella infections in breeding sows.

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El amplio espectro clínico de la enfermedad COVID-19 tiene importantes implicaciones funcionales para el cuidado hospitalario agudo y subagudo en unidades de cuidado inten-sivo. Ante la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada por esta enfermedad, el Colegio Colom-biano de Terapia Ocupacional convocó a un grupo de profesionales expertas en el área para proveer lineamientos para terapeutas ocupacionales que participan en la rehabilitación tem-prana de pacientes con COVID-19 en Colombia. Se realizó una revisión de literatura sobre la clasificación y las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad, la efectividad de la reha-bilitación temprana adulta, pediátrica y neonatal, y el rol y la experiencia de profesionales en Terapia Ocupacional en el uso de guías de salud existentes. Un consenso de expertas determinó la aplicabilidad de los lineamientos al contexto colombiano. Terapia Ocupacio-nal, como parte del equipo de rehabilitación temprana, juega un papel fundamental en la restauración y el mantenimiento de la independencia funcional; la adaptación del ambiente y el acondicionamiento holístico gradual de las funciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares, sensoriomotoras y cognitivas durante las actividades básicas cotidianas, y la prevención del deterioro físico, mental, espiritual y social de la persona hospitalizada y su familia. Estos lineamientos constituyen un recurso técnico y educativo relevante para la Terapia Ocupa-cional hospitalaria.(AU)

The broad clinical spectrum of COVID-19 disease has critical functional implications for acute and subacute hospital care in intensive care units. Faced with the health emergency triggered by this disease, the Colombian College of Occupational Therapy convened a group of professional experts in the area to provide guidelines for occupational therapists involved in the early rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 in Colombia. A literature review was conducted on the classification and clinical manifestations of the disease, the effectiveness of early adult, pediatric and neonatal rehabilitation, and the occupational therapist's role and experience in the use of existing health guidelines. A consensus of experts determined the applicability of the guidelines to the Colombian context. Occu-pational Therapy, as part of the early rehabilitation team, plays a fundamental role in res-toring and maintaining functional independence, the adaptation of the environment and the gradual holistic conditioning of respiratory, cardiovascular, sensorimotor and cognitive functions during basic daily activities, and the prevention of physical, mental, spiritual and social deterioration of the hospitalized person and their family. These guidelines cons-titute a relevant technical and educational resource for hospital Occupational Therapy.(AU)

O amplo espectro clínico da doença COVID-19 tem implicações funcionais relevantes para os cuidados hospitalares agudos e subagudos em unidades de terapia intensiva. Diante da emergência sanitária desencadeada por esta doença, o Colégio Colombiano de Tera-pia Ocupacional reuniu um grupo de profissionais, especializados na área, para fornecer orientações aos terapeutas ocupacionais, envolvidos na reabilitação precoce de pacientes com COVID-19, na Colômbia. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre a classificação e as manifestações clínicas da doença, a eficácia da reabilitação adulta precoce, pediá-trica e neonatal, bem como o papel e experiência do terapeuta ocupacional no uso das diretrizes de saúde existentes. Um consenso de especialistas determinou a aplicabilidade das diretrizes ao contexto colombiano. A Terapia Ocupacional, como parte da equipe de reabilitação precoce, desempenha um papel fundamental na restauração e manutenção da independência funcional; a adaptação do meio ambiente e o condicionamento holístico gradual das funções respiratórias, cardiovasculares, sensório-motoras e cognitivas, durante as atividades diárias básicas; e a prevenção da deterioração física, mental, espiritual e so-cial da pessoa hospitalizada e sua família. Essas orientações constituem um recurso técnico e educacional relevante para a Terapia Ocupacional hospitalar.(AU)

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ABSTRACT Objective: To contextualize the performance of nurses/nursing team in the dispensing of materials to assist users in home visits, in primary care. Methods: Dialectical qualitative study conducted between March and April 2018 in which 24 nurses from primary health care units in the Gloria/Cruzeiro/Cristal District of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, completed the self-administered questionnaire, whose data were treated by thematic content analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Two categories emerged from the empirical corpus: logistic chain of material management for home user assistance; production of services and capacity of the team. Conclusion: The work processes related to materials management for home user assistance and the resulting health services production require a look at specificities such as workload and technologies involved, as they move the performance of the nurse/nursing staff.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Contextualizar el desempeño del enfermero/equipo de enfermería en la dispensación de materiales para asistencia al usuario en el domicilio, en la atención básica. Métodos: Estudio dialéctico cualitativo. Entre marzo y abril de 2018, 24 enfermeros de unidades de salud del Distrito Gloria/Cruzeiro/Cristal, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, respondieron al cuestionario autoadministrado, cuyos datos fueron tratados mediante Análisis de Contenido Temático. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: Del corpus empírico resultaron dos categorías: cadena logística de la gestión de materiales para asistencia al usuario en el domicilio; la producción de servicios y la capacidad del equipo. Conclusión: Los procesos de trabajo relacionados con la gestión de materiales para la asistencia al usuario doméstico y la producción de servicios de salud resultantes requieren un análisis de las especificidades carga de trabajo y tecnologías involucradas, a medida que mueven el desempeño de la enfermería/enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Contextualizar a performance do enfermeiro/equipe de enfermagem na dispensação de materiais para assistência ao usuário no domicílio, na atenção básica. Métodos: estudo qualitativo dialético. Entre março e abril de 2018, 24 enfermeiros de unidades de saúde da atenção básica do Distrito Gloria/Cruzeiro/Cristal, de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, responderam ao questionário autoadministrado, cujos dados foram tratados mediante Análise de Conteúdo Temática. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Do corpus empírico resultaram duas categorias: cadeia logística do gerenciamento de materiais para assistência ao usuário no domicílio; produção de serviços e a capacidade da equipe. Conclusão: Os processos de trabalho referentes ao gerenciamento de materiais para assistência ao usuário no domicílio e a produção de serviços em saúde decorrentes requerem um olhar para especificidades como carga de trabalho e tecnologias envolvidas, por moverem a performance do enfermeiro/equipe de enfermagem.

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BACKGROUND: The following article constitutes an effort to make explicit an experience in neonatology within the framework of the exercise of occupational therapy, a discipline belonging to the health sciences. The occupational therapist (OT) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in which he participates in an interdisciplinary health group. Exalts the interaction of person-environment-occupation-performance. Encourage self-regulation of the baby. Encourages family participation in co-participation in routine activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine the realities and knowledge about the practice of OT in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by the occupational therapist in the interaction between the baby, the occupation, the caregivers and the environment of the NICU. METHODS: A systematic exploratory review of the performance of the OT in the NICU was made. RESULTS: The results transcended the thematic variables, the theories, the methods, the approaches, the characteristics of the baby, the occupations, and the contexts of the management of the premature baby. CONCLUSION: The education in concepts concerning the occupation of the baby, the interaction with her/his environment and her/his caregivers, the procedures, the guide for the stimulation as the modification of the physical, temporal and social environment facilitate the self-regulation of the baby and we will all be working in pro of your recovery.

ANTECEDENTES: El siguiente artículo constituye un esfuerzo por explicitar una experiencia en neonatología en el marco del ejercicio de la terapia ocupacional, disciplina concerniente a las ciencias de la salud. El terapeuta ocupacional (TO) en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal como parte del grupo interdisciplinario de salud exalta la interacción de persona-ambiente-ocupación-desempeño. Fomenta la autorregulación del bebé. Alienta la participación de la familia en la coparticipación en actividades rutinarias. OBJETIVO: Determinar las realidades y conocimientos sobre la práctica del TO en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal (UCIN) del terapeuta ocupacional en la interacción entre el bebé, la ocupación, los cuidadores y el entorno de la UCIN. MÉTODOS: Se hizo una revisión exploratoria sistemática del desempeño del terapeuta ocupacional en la UCIN. RESULTADOS: Los resultados trascendieron las variables temáticas, las teorías, los métodos, los enfoques, las características del bebé, las ocupaciones, los contextos de la gestión del bebé prematuro. CONCLUSIÓN: La educación de conceptos concernientes a la ocupación del bebé, la interacción con su ambiente y sus cuidadores, los procedimientos, la guía para la estimulación como la modificación del entorno físico, temporal y social facilitan la autorregulación del bebé y todos estaremos trabajando en pro de su recuperación.

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In this work, an electrochemical enzyme-linked oligonucleotide array to achieve simple and rapid multidetection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is presented. The assay is based on a competitive format and disposable screen-printed cells (SPCs). Firstly, the electrodeposition of poly(aniline-anthranilic acid) copolymer (PANI-PAA) on graphite screen-printed working electrodes was performed by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aflatoxin B1 conjugated with bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA) was then immobilized by covalent binding on PANI-PAA copolymer. After performing the affinity reaction between AFB1 and the biotinylated DNA-aptamer (apt-BIO), the solution was dropped on the modified SPCs and the competition was carried out. The biotinylated complexes formed onto the sensor surface were coupled with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. 1-naphthyl phosphate was used as enzymatic substrate; the electroactive product was detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The response of the enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay was signal-off, according to the competitive format. A dose-response curve was obtained between 0.1 ng mL-1 and 10 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.086 ng mL-1 was achieved. Finally, preliminary experiments in maize flour samples spiked with AFB1 were also performed.

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Abstract Background: The following article constitutes an effort to make explicit an experience in neonatology within the framework of the exercise of occupational therapy, a discipline belonging to the health sciences. The occupational therapist (OT) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in which he participates in an interdisciplinary health group. Exalts the interaction of person-environment-occupation-performance. Encourage self-regulation of the baby. Encourages family participation in co-participation in routine activities. Objective: To determine the realities and knowledge about the practice of OT in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by the occupational therapist in the interaction between the baby, the occupation, the caregivers and the environment of the NICU. Methods: A systematic exploratory review of the performance of the OT in the NICU was made. Results: The results transcended the thematic variables, the theories, the methods, the approaches, the characteristics of the baby, the occupations, and the contexts of the management of the premature baby. Conclusion: The education in concepts concerning the occupation of the baby, the interaction with her/his environment and her/his caregivers, the procedures, the guide for the stimulation as the modification of the physical, temporal and social environment facilitate the self-regulation of the baby and we will all be working in pro of your recovery.

Resumen Antecedentes: El siguiente artículo constituye un esfuerzo por explicitar una experiencia en neonatología en el marco del ejercicio de la terapia ocupacional, disciplina concerniente a las ciencias de la salud. El terapeuta ocupacional (TO) en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal como parte del grupo interdisciplinario de salud exalta la interacción de persona-ambiente-ocupación-desempeño. Fomenta la autorregulación del bebé. Alienta la participación de la familia en la coparticipación en actividades rutinarias. Objetivo: Determinar las realidades y conocimientos sobre la práctica del TO en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal (UCIN) del terapeuta ocupacional en la interacción entre el bebé, la ocupación, los cuidadores y el entorno de la UCIN. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión exploratoria sistemática del desempeño del terapeuta ocupacional en la UCIN. Resultados: Los resultados trascendieron las variables temáticas, las teorías, los métodos, los enfoques, las características del bebé, las ocupaciones, los contextos de la gestión del bebé prematuro. Conclusión: La educación de conceptos concernientes a la ocupación del bebé, la interacción con su ambiente y sus cuidadores, los procedimientos, la guía para la estimulación como la modificación del entorno físico, temporal y social facilitan la autorregulación del bebé y todos estaremos trabajando en pro de su recuperación.

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