RESUMEN
Process design strategies are important to prevent or reduce food safety risks in production systems. In this sense, the Codex Alimentarius presents a set of principles for good hygiene practices to guide food producers. However, studies in food safety often focus on analyzing and controlling implemented production processes without a policy of designing them with a preventive logic, leading to resource misallocation and noncompliance. This study aims to gather and analyze techniques, drivers, challenges, and research opportunities for food safety-driven process design. A systematic literature review was carried out following three steps: (i) Data collection, including 52 studies; (ii) Bibliometric analysis; and (iii) Content analysis, identifying techniques, drivers, challenges, and research opportunities. Three main themes in the subject were identified: process assessment models, risk assessment, and whole-chain traceability. Eleven design techniques were identified and compared according to their typology, structure, and coverage of themes addressed by the Codex Alimentarius. There is a gap in techniques addressing employee competence and personal hygiene. We suggest developing a tool encompassing the Codex Alimentarius good hygiene practices themes in process design to guide food safety-driven process development.
RESUMEN
Milk microfiltration process plays a key role in the dairy industry. Crossflow microfiltration of skimmed milk using a membrane with 0.1 µm mean pore size is widely used to fractionate the two main groups of dairy proteins: casein micelles (~150 nm) and serum proteins (~2-15 nm). Retentate, containing mainly casein micelles, is generally used to enrich vat milk for cheese making. Permeate, containing serum proteins, lactose and minerals, is usually ultrafiltered in order to produce protein-rich concentrate with a high nutritional value dedicated to specific populations such as infants and seniors. The great interest in these protein fractions explains the increasing number of microfiltration equipments in the dairy industry. This data article contains data associated with milk microfiltration process experiments and properties of the resulting dairy fractions annotated from a collection of scientific documents. These data are stored in INRAE public repository (see Data accessibility in the Specification Table for direct links to data). They have been structured using MILK MICROFILTRATION ontology and are replicated in @Web data warehouse providing additional querying tools (https://www6.inrae.fr/cati-icat-atweb/).
RESUMEN
The tomato crop adapts to different climatic conditions. However, the water stress, which is a relevant factor in the tomato cropping, can affect the productivity. This experiment aimed to estimate the genetic variability, after two backcrosses, and select tomato genotypes that are tolerant to water stress induced by mannitol. The advance of the generations was done on the field and the water stress test was done in laboratory atmosphere, in a completely randomized design with four replications. 17 genotypes, in the generation F2BC2, which were obtained from an interespecific cross between Solanum pennellii and Solanum lycopersicum L. and three check treatments, one resistant [wild access LA-716 (Solanum pennellii)] and two susceptible (cv. Santa Clara and UFU-650), were evaluated. After subjected to the osmotic potential of -0.3 Mpa, the seeds were evaluated for: germination percentage, standard germination percentage, first counting percentage, germination velocity index, average time of germination and initial and final length of radicle. As expected, the wild access, S. pennellii, was better than the susceptible check treatments. The genotype UFU102/F2BC2#71115 highlighted, compared to the others F2BC2 genotypes and in relation to the three check treatments, susceptible (cv. Santa Clara and UFU-650) and resistant (S. pennellii). Analyzing the genetic diversity, 8 different groups were obtained, being an indicative of genetic variability between the evaluated genotypes. The variable %G contributed with 33.9% in the diversification of the genotypes, presenting as the most important criterion, to be evaluated in genetic diversity studies, in the tomato crop under water stress, induced by mannitol.
O tomateiro é uma planta que se adapta a diferentes condições climáticas. No entanto, o estresse hídrico, considerado um importante fator no cultivo de tomate, pode afetar a produção. O objetivo do experimento foi estimar a variabilidade genética, após dois retrocruzamentos, e selecionar genótipos de tomateiro tolerantes ao estresse hídrico induzido por manitol. O avanço das gerações foi realizado no campo e o teste de estresse hídrico, feito no laboratório, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados 17 genótipos, em geração F2BC2, oriundos de um cruzamento interespecífico entre o Solanum lycopersicum e o Solanum pennellii e três testemunhas, sendo uma resistente [acesso selvagem LA-716 (Solanum pennellii)] e duas suscetíveis (cv. Santa Clara e UFU-650). Após serem submetidas ao potencial osmótico de -0.3 Mpa, as sementes foram avaliadas para: porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem de germinação padrão, porcentagem de primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e comprimento inicial e final de radícula. Como esperado, o acesso selvagem, S. pennellii, mostrou-se superior às testemunhas suscetíveis. O genótipo UFU102/F2BC2#71115, destacou-se quando comparado aos outros genótipos F2BC2 e em relação às três testemunhas, tanto as suscetíveis (cv. Santa Clara e UFU-650) quanto a resistente (S. pennellii). Analisando a diversidade genética, foi possível a obtenção de oito grupos diferentes, sendo um indicativo de variabilidade genética entre os genótipos avaliados. A variável %G contribuiu com 33.9% na diferenciação dos genótipos, apresentando-se como o critério mais importante a ser avaliado, em estudos de divergência genética, na cultura do tomateiro, sob estresse hídrico induzido por manitol.