RESUMEN
Persons experiencing homelessness in São Paulo, Brazil, were seropositive for Bartonella spp. (79/109, 72.5%) and typhus group rickettsiae (40/109, 36.7%). Bartonella quintana DNA was detected in 17.1% (14/82) body louse pools and 0.9% (1/114) blood samples. Clinicians should consider vectorborne agents as potential causes of febrile syndromes in this population.
Asunto(s)
Bartonella , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Rickettsia , Tifus Epidémico Transmitido por Piojos , Humanos , Bartonella/genética , Rickettsia/genética , Brasil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Although leptospirosis has been described as a worldwide bacterial zoonosis primarily affecting vulnerable populations, to date no study has focused on concomitant serosurvey of homeless persons and their dogs. The aim of the present study was, to use a One Health approach to serologically assess homeless persons and their dogs in 3 major cities of south Brazil (São Paulo, Curitiba, and Foz do Iguaçu). Environmental information was obtained with an epidemiological questionnaire given to all participants. A total of 200 human and 75 dog samples were tested for anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies to thirty different serovars using the microscopic agglutination test. None of the homeless persons were positive while 5 of the 75 (6.7%) dogs were positive. Among homeless population, 89% (177 of 200) were male, 61% (122 of 200) self-declared Non-white, and 67% (134 of 200) were educated up to the 8th school grade. Lower exposure of homeless persons to Leptospira spp. in the present study when compared to other vulnerable populations (slum and low-income residents) may be result of less direct exposure as they are able to rapidly change locations in response to flooding events. In addition, these results may reflect the effectiveness of a specific healthcare service provided to people living in the streets in the 3 cities. While dogs may be used as environmental sentinels for leptospirosis, the low seropositivity results found in this report may indicate low transmission risk to homeless owners in direct daily contact with their dogs.
RESUMEN
This review focuses on reports of hepatitis E virus, hantavirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus) within urban environments. Despite their potential impact on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these viruses in rodents. Comprehensive control and preventive activities should include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse populations, sanitary education, reduction of shelters for the animals, and restriction of the access of rodents to residences, water, and food supplies.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Arenaviridae/transmisión , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/transmisión , Hepatitis E/transmisión , Ratones/virología , Ratas/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/transmisión , Animales , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Abstract This review focuses on reports of hepatitis E virus, hantavirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus) within urban environments. Despite their potential impact on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these viruses in rodents. Comprehensive control and preventive activities should include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse populations, sanitary education, reduction of shelters for the animals, and restriction of the access of rodents to residences, water, and food supplies.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/transmisión , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Hepatitis E/transmisión , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/transmisión , Infecciones por Hantavirus/transmisión , Ratones/virología , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: Brazilian native species are reemerging as increasingly free-ranging populations. METHODS:: Sera from 31 capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and 28 peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari) were tested for anti-Leptospira and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using microscopic seroagglutination test. RESULTS:: Nineteen percent of free-ranging and 10.0% of captive capybaras, along with 31.8% of collared peccaries, were seropositive for T. gondii. None was seropositive for Leptospira sp. CONCLUSIONS:: The present findings indicated low risk of disease, particularly among capybaras and white-lipped peccaries; however, active surveillance programs are important for monitoring wildlife health and public health once they are in public parks around cities.
Asunto(s)
Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Artiodáctilos/microbiología , Artiodáctilos/parasitología , Brasil/epidemiología , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Roedores/microbiología , Roedores/parasitología , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazilian native species are reemerging as increasingly free-ranging populations. METHODS: Sera from 31 capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and 28 peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari) were tested for anti-Leptospira and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using microscopic seroagglutination test. RESULTS: Nineteen percent of free-ranging and 10.0% of captive capybaras, along with 31.8% of collared peccaries, were seropositive for T. gondii. None was seropositive for Leptospira sp. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicated low risk of disease, particularly among capybaras and white-lipped peccaries; however, active surveillance programs are important for monitoring wildlife health and public health once they are in public parks around cities.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Artiodáctilos/microbiología , Artiodáctilos/parasitología , Roedores/microbiología , Roedores/parasitología , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Brasil/epidemiología , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Animales Salvajes , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangreRESUMEN
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an emergent virus found in commercial pig farms and may cause clinical or subclinical infection. The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) may also be infected by PCV2. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify PCV2 in whole blood samples of captive peccaries (16 collared and 6 white-lipped) by conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although the housekeeping gene (c-myc) DNA was successfully amplified, all 22 peccaries tested were negative for PCV2 by both molecular methods. In conclusion, although PCV2 may be endemic in free ranging wild pigs of Central and Northern Brazil, lack of serological and molecular PCV2 evidence (in whole blood) of both captive and free-range wild pigs may indicate low risk of disease in Southern Brazil.
O circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um vírus emergente encontrado em granjas comerciais de suínos que pode causar infecção clínica ou subclínica. Os catetos (Pecari tajacu) e as queixadas (Tayassu pecari) também podem se infectar com PCV2. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o PCV2 em amostras de sangue total de pecaris de cativeiro (16 catetos e seis queixadas) por PCR convencional e quantitativo (qPCR). Embora o gene constitutivo (c-myc) tenha sido amplificado com sucesso, todas as 22 amostras de pecaris avaliadas foram negativas para PCV2 em ambos os métodos moleculares. Em conclusão, embora o PCV2 seja endêmico em suínos selvagens de vida livre do Centro e Norte do Brasil, a ausência de evidência sorológica e molecular de PCV2 (em sangue total) de ambos pecaris de cativeiro e de vida livre no Sul do Brasil podem indicar baixo risco de doença no Sul do Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Circovirus , Infecciones por Circoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Porcinos , Pruebas Hematológicas , Pruebas SerológicasRESUMEN
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an emergent virus found in commercial pig farms and may cause clinical or subclinical infection. The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) may also be infected by PCV2. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify PCV2 in whole blood samples of captive peccaries (16 collared and 6 white-lipped) by conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although the housekeeping gene (c-myc) DNA was successfully amplified, all 22 peccaries tested were negative for PCV2 by both molecular methods. In conclusion, although PCV2 may be endemic in free ranging wild pigs of Central and Northern Brazil, lack of serological and molecular PCV2 evidence (in whole blood) of both captive and free-range wild pigs may indicate low risk of disease in Southern Brazil.(AU)
O circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um vírus emergente encontrado em granjas comerciais de suínos que pode causar infecção clínica ou subclínica. Os catetos (Pecari tajacu) e as queixadas (Tayassu pecari) também podem se infectar com PCV2. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o PCV2 em amostras de sangue total de pecaris de cativeiro (16 catetos e seis queixadas) por PCR convencional e quantitativo (qPCR). Embora o gene constitutivo (c-myc) tenha sido amplificado com sucesso, todas as 22 amostras de pecaris avaliadas foram negativas para PCV2 em ambos os métodos moleculares. Em conclusão, embora o PCV2 seja endêmico em suínos selvagens de vida livre do Centro e Norte do Brasil, a ausência de evidência sorológica e molecular de PCV2 (em sangue total) de ambos pecaris de cativeiro e de vida livre no Sul do Brasil podem indicar baixo risco de doença no Sul do Brasil.(AU)