RESUMEN
PURPOSE: In the recent years, it was possible to observe two trends: First, there has been a trend to greater mental health literacy, in particular towards a biological model of schizophrenia. Secondly, an increase in public acceptance of professional help and psychiatric treatment has been observed in western countries. This indicates that the societal idea about mental illness and how it can be treated has changed. However, no changes or even changes to the worse occurred regarding the attitudes towards those suffering from the illness, particularly concerning schizophrenia. Thus, the question arises as to whether similar trends can also be found in Austria. METHODS: We use data from two representative population surveys in Austria, conducted 1998 (n = 1042) and 2018 (n = 1010) using face-to-face interviews, the same sampling procedure, interview mode, and interview schedule. RESULTS: The data show that today Austrians tend to opt less frequently for genetic factors and chronic stress as causes of schizophrenia than 20 years ago. There were only slight changes regarding intended first help-seeking actions except for a stronger endorsement of lay help. The believe in an effective treatment of schizophrenia has increased significantly and there was a marked trend towards preference of medication over psychotherapy. Social acceptance of people with schizophrenia has increased, but also the ascription of violence. CONCLUSION: In summary, the evolution of attitudes and beliefs concerning schizophrenia in Austria shows a rather inconsistent pattern and differs to some extent from what has been observed in other western countries. This is important to know when planning awareness-raising or stigma-reducing initiatives.
Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia , Austria , Humanos , Salud Mental , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Estigma Social , EstereotipoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the WPA campaign "Open the Doors - against Stigma and Discrimination because of Schizophrenia", five years upon completion of the campaign, a comparative study was performed to assess the possible changes in the general public's attitudes towards schizophrenia. METHODS: Representative population survey, based on a Quota-sampling (n = 988); face-to-face interviews with standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: The results of this study were somewhat sobering, with 22.3 % of the population not having any associations with the term "schizophrenia", 81.3 % not wanting to be further informed about the illness, and 64.1 % agreeing with the statement that patients suffering from schizophrenia are dangerous; compared to the survey in 1998, there was a significant increase within this category. Furthermore, an increase of social distance towards this group of patients has also been noted. CONCLUSION: It is to be asked whether a short intervention can change people's profound attitudes.
Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud , Prejuicio , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adolescente , Adulto , Austria , Conducta Peligrosa , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Distancia Psicológica , Estereotipo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The study was intended to evaluate the therapeutic and healthcare services utilized by 116 former long-stay patients after an average of 42.9 months of deinstitutionalization during a follow-up time of (1/2) year and to calculate the costs thus incurred. METHODS: 116 patients and their caregivers were interviewed during a period of 6 months using the German version of the Client Sociodemographic and Service Receipt Inventory. RESULTS: On average, 3.3 institutions/facilities were contacted per patient, most often by younger patients living in group homes and least often by patients in psychiatric nursing homes. During the 6-month follow-up time costs of euro 14,665 were incurred per patient. Of these costs, 87.2 % were for the residential facilities. The costs of outpatient care accounted for 41.4 % of the costs that would have been incurred for inpatient care in a psychiatric hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Deinstitutionalization of psychiatric long-stay patients in Upper Austria provided for considerable reductions in costs while maintaining a high quality of care.
Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria/economía , Servicios Comunitarios de Salud Mental/economía , Desinstitucionalización/economía , Recursos en Salud/economía , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/economía , Trastornos Mentales/rehabilitación , Adulto , Anciano , Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Austria , Servicios Comunitarios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Ahorro de Costo , Desinstitucionalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Recursos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Mal Uso de los Servicios de Salud/economía , Mal Uso de los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/economía , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/economía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/economía , Instituciones Residenciales/economía , Instituciones Residenciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Revisión de Utilización de RecursosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the needs for care of 116 former long-stay patients during the first 42.9 months after discharge. METHOD: Patients and mental health professionals rated needs using the "Berliner Bedürfnisinventar" (Berlin Needs for Care Inventory). RESULTS: Out of a total of 16 needs areas, patients reported a mean number of 7.6 needs, therapists reported 10 needs. Patients with lower global functioning scores showed a significantly lower number of needs, while patients living in psychiatric nursing homes and patients with learning disabilities had a significantly higher number of needs. In most areas, agreement between patients' and therapists' assessment was good to moderate. In most areas the rate of unmet versus total needs was above 90 %. Patients received help almost exclusively from institutions or mental health services. CONCLUSION: The care needs of discharged patients were generally met and placement in institutions was considered appropriate.
Asunto(s)
Desinstitucionalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/rehabilitación , Actividades Cotidianas/clasificación , Actividades Cotidianas/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Austria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Asistencia Social en Psiquiatría/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In Upper Austria, a total of 409 long-stay patients were discharged to various residential facilities between 1995 and 2000. This paper describes psychopathology and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: A random sample of 116 former long-stay patients were followed for an average 42.9 months after discharge. RESULTS: Patients had spent an average 19.3 years in psychiatric wards. 47 patients (40.5 %) were placed in nursing homes, 16 patients (13.8 %) in old-age homes, 32 patients (27.6 %) in other institutions and only 15 patients (12.9 %) in group homes, and 6 patients (5.2 %) with families. ICD-10 diagnosis was schizophrenia in 56 patients (48.3 %) and mental retardation in 33 patients (28.4 %). Level of social and functional disabilities was high. CONCLUSIONS: Most long-stay patients were able to live outside psychiatric hospitals, but institutional care still plays an essential role.