RESUMEN
In the context of the shift toward a closed-loop economy, soil-like fractions from landfills are increasingly seen as a potential raw material. Pollution, including potentially toxic elements (PTEs), limits the use of soil-like fractions. The study objective was to assess the level of contamination with PTEs and the ecological risk of the soil-like fraction from a landfill using an interval method on the basis of a quantile analysis. Quantile analysis allows visualization and interpretation of data based on statistical principles using a cumulative distribution function for the data. Quantiles divide the entire dataset into equal parts by probability, and they indicate the proportion of observations that have a value less than or equal to a given quantile. A study was conducted at a landfill in Volgograd. The contents of Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Zn were studied in a soil-like fraction. The contents of Hg, Pb, and Zn were low and did not pose any risks to the environment. Cd, Ni, and Cu were the main reasons for the contamination of the soil-like fraction. Quantile analysis has shown that the soil-like fraction is polluted unevenly and is described by several contamination levels. The pollution level with PTEs in the soil-like fraction is low, with a probability of 27-31%. The other part of the soil-like fraction has a pollution level ranging from moderate to very high. The environmental risk of a soil-like fraction is associated with Cd and Ni. With a probability of 23.5%, a soil-like fraction is a high environmental risk and requires a responsible attitude and measures to ensure environmental safety. With probabilities of 29.4% and 47.1%, the complex potential environmental risks of a soil-like fraction are low and moderate, respectively. The soil-like fraction located at a depth of more than 2.5 m has a low level of pollution and a low environmental risk. Potentially, this part of a soil-like fraction can be isolated and, after detoxification, used. The significance of this research lies in providing a novel approach to evaluate the ecological risk of soil-like fractions from landfills, which can inform more effective sustainable waste utilization practices in landfill mining.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes del Suelo , Instalaciones de Eliminación de Residuos , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Medición de Riesgo , Suelo/química , Metales Pesados/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos , Sustancias Peligrosas/análisis , Contaminación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The heavy metal content (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd) in a soil-like fraction from two landfills located within the boundaries of Volgograd was described using pollution indices and health risks. The calculated pollution index (PI) values have shown a lack of Pb and Zn pollution in the soil-like fraction from both landfills. For landfill No.1, the pollution level was determined as very high for Cd and as low for Cu and Ni, and for landfill No.2, this level was determined as very high, low, and non-polluted, respectively. The Nemerov integral pollution index (NIPI) values (25.24-43.90 for landfill No. 1 and 10.37-40.38 for landfill No. 2) indicated a high level of pollution in a soil-like fraction with studied elements in both landfills. According to the calculated values of the hazard index (HI), which are significantly lower than 1 in all samples, there is no non-carcinogenic risk for children and adults associated with the presence of a soil-like fraction in the environment. The total potential carcinogenic risks (TCR) associated with the heavy metals in a soil-like fraction were determined to be high for both target groups. The health of a child target group (TCR = 1.30E-03 and 4.87E-04) was found to be more exposed to carcinogenic risk than an adult target group (TCR = 1.40E-04 and 5.21E-05). Because the risk of a carcinogenic effect is high, the use of a soil-like fraction from both landfills for territory reclamation without prior detoxification is not allowed.
Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Medición de Riesgo , Suelo , Cadmio , Plomo , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Metales Pesados/toxicidad , Metales Pesados/análisis , Carcinógenos/análisis , Instalaciones de Eliminación de Residuos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T , ChinaRESUMEN
Endometriosis causes infertility and the alterations in endometrial receptivity. Pinopodia in eutopic endometrial epithelium may have significant implications in the endometriosis-associated infertility. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether the surgical interventions to remove endometrioid ovarian cysts (EOCs) can improve endometrial receptivity. The study included 172 patients of reproductive age with EOC, who underwent laparoscopic cystectomy. Aspiration endometrial biopsy was performed at 6 and 12 months after the surgery during the proliferation and secretion phases. Histopathology analysis included H&E staining and IHC. Morphometric studies were performed on endometrial biopsies collected during the proliferation phase of 28 patients, and the secretion phase of 12 patients. The expression of IHC markers for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and the percentage of cells containing pinopodia were determined. A significant increase in the ER and PR expression was observed in the epithelium during the "middle stage, proliferation phase" and in the stroma and glands during "middle stage, secretion phase". A delay in endometrial secretory transformation and statistically significant decrease in the number of pinopodia was observed on the apical surface of the cells. These structural and functional alterations were observed both at 6 and 12 months after cystectomy. The endometriosis-associated infertility after surgical intervention of EOC could be due to the extensive expression of ER and PR during the proliferation and secretion phases, as well as the delayed secretory transformation and impaired formation of pinopodia in the eutopic endometrium in the patients at 6 and 12 months after surgery.
Asunto(s)
Endometriosis/patología , Endometrio/patología , Enfermedades del Ovario/patología , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Adulto , Endometriosis/metabolismo , Endometriosis/cirugía , Endometrio/metabolismo , Endometrio/cirugía , Epitelio/metabolismo , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Laparoscopía , Enfermedades del Ovario/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Ovario/cirugíaRESUMEN
Melanins are a class of darkly pigmented biopolymers which are widely distributed among living organisms. The molecular and cellular mechanisms adopted by bacteria, fungi and animals to synthesize melanin, have been well described, but less is known regarding their production in plants. Here, a pair of barley near isogenic lines, bred to differ with respect to the pigmentation of the spike, was compared in order to understand the tissue and cellular location of melanin deposition. The melanic nature of the pigments purified from black spikes was confirmed by a series of solubility tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An analysis of grains harvested at various stages of their development revealed that intracellular pigmented structures first appeared in the pericarp and the husk of black spike plants at early dough stage. The co-localization of these structures with red autofluorescence suggested that they form in chloroplast-derived plastids, here designated "melanoplasts". Differences in dynamics of plastid internal structure during grain ripening were detected between the lines by transmission electron microscopy. Both lines accumulated plastoglobuli inside plastids, which persisted in black grain pericarp tissue up to the hard dough stage, while neither plastoglobuli nor any plastids were observed in grain of the control line at this stage. The role of plastoglobuli in melanin synthesis is discussed.