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A number of biochemical patterns of blood serum were used as markers of the major components of cartilage and muscle tissues, which exhibited adequately the property of responses occurred in these tissues during elongation of an extremity by the Ilizarov's procedure. The content of these components was shown to correlate in dog blood serum and tissues. At the same time, the rate of hydration, concentration of proteoglycans and elastic properties of the joint cartilage were studied.

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Quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of glycosaminoglycans isolated from cartilage tissue significantly correlated with those of major serum components in treated puppies with intraarticular fractures. At the same time, the glycosaminoglycans composition was altered in blood serum adequately and simultaneously to those occurred in articular cartilage of the impaired extremity.

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The authors analyze the results of C-ELISA, used in screening of the population in combined foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis in two types of landscapes in Turkmenistan. In the deltas, on the plains [correction of planes] and oases, where the incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is very high, 1.6% of the examinees were found to have antibody to L. major. The antibodies in this condition are detectable only during the acute stage of the disease and persist for just a few months after convalescence. The share of the positive sera with antibody to L. donovani sensu lato was the minimal (0.48%) in the population of the alluvial plain [correction of plane] at the Kopet-Dag hills, the highest share (4%) of the population with such antibodies lived in the sandy deserts in the interfluvial areas of southern-eastern Turkmenistan. The authors have validated the criteria for the assessment of the endemicity level of leishmaniasis foci with due consideration for various incidence rates of visceral and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniases and the specific features of the immune response in these nosologic forms. They suggest that a positive serologic response be considered as the basic criterion of a visceral leishmaniasis focus, and the disease incidence and the number of subjects who had had this disease in the focus--the basic criterion for the assessment of a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus endemicity.

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189 sera from patients with ZCL of different stages were studied by means of RNIF and C-ELISA. A high significant correlation between RNIF and C-ELISA indices was shown, but the latter test was proved to be more sensitive and therefore more effective. In patients with ZCL, a significant direct correlation between the duration of the process and the antibody titer was established by means of C-ELISA. In patients with ZCL at the third (final) stage (reduction and granulation of lesions), the C-ELISA liter of specific antibodies was higher than at the second stage (rapidly progressing ulceration of lesions). The findings indicate the presence of clinical and serological parallels in ZCL and show it expedient to compare the dynamics of antibody genesis and cell immunity indices in further studies.

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Species-specificity of two serological tests has been compared: Indirect immunofluorescence test and C-ELISA using antigens prepared of 7 Leishmania species of various groups of human sera, including sera from healthy donors; sera of patients with various tropical parasitoses; sera containing rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies; sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL); sera of normal subjects arrived from regions endemic for VL; sera of students arrived in Czechoslovakia from various tropical countries endemic for leishmaniasis. It has been shown that C-ELISA (and EIA with corpuscular antigen), being highly sensitive techniques, are very promising for the identification of species-specific Leishmania antibodies. C-ELISA titres beginning from 1:800 and above may be considered as species-specific. With the titre 1:400, cross-reactions with antigens of various Leishmania species are observed.

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Retrospective screening of population was carried out in the Uzbek SSR in 3 physiographic regions, which formerly represented active epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. Seroepidemiologic examination of 8652 persons showed satisfactory results concerning the disease at present. Despite low seropositive level of healthy population in general (0.38%), a correlation was detected between the number of positive indirect immunofluorescence results and the incidence rate of visceral leishmaniasis in this territory. In future it is recommended to perform regular retrospective screening of population in formerly endemic regions with a view to take timely preventive measures.

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Comparative study of sera from patients suffering from zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) gave 72.4 and 89.6% positive results, correspondingly, with homologous antigen L. major. Good correlation of these methods was revealed--coincidence in 83% cases. Authors used ELISA with corpuscular Leishmania antigen. The test was superior to IIF in sensitivity and specificity. Creation of type-specific Leishmania test systems for ELISA opens new vistas in studies of the population immune structure in combined zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis foci.

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The authors propose polystyrol carrier enzyme-linked immunoassay using corpuscular Leishmania antigens (intact cells of Leishmania promastigotes)--C-ELISA. The standard lyophilic Leishmania antigen for ELISA may be used as an antigen in indirect immunofluorescence reaction. C-ELISA allowed the authors to determine clear antigenic differences between the mammalian leishmaniasis causative agents (subgen. Leishmania) and the reptilian ones (L. gymnodactyli--subgen. Sauroleishmania). Different levels of the antigenic relationship were demonstrated between separate species within the mammalian Leishmania serogroup. The method shows promise for elaboration of the specific test systems in order to differentially diagnose various nosologic entities of leishmaniasis, including ones in the mixed natural foci.

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A total of 235 sera from patients suspected for toxoplasmosis were examined in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests carried out in parallel. Good correlation between all tests was noted. As confirmed by the data obtained in this investigation, EIA showed the highest sensitivity. In IIF and IHA tests the maximum titers (1:512) were obtained in 2% of cases, while in EIA 17.5% of sera were positive in titers of 1:800 to 1:25,000. High sensitivity and good reproducibility of this assay suggest the necessity for its standardization and automation, which will permit its further use in laboratories at any level.

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The method for the preparation of antigen for ELISA and the technique of this assay are described. The comparative data obtained in the examination of 50 donors and 95 children suspected to have toxoplasmosis, carried out with the use of immunofluorescence and ELISA, are presented. A good correlation between the results of the both tests has been shown.

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To treat 50 patients with toxoplasmosis myocarditis the authors used tindurine (pyrimethamine). The drug was given in doses of 50 mg, twice, daily, for 5 days. The course of treatment consisted of 3-5 such cycles, with intervals of 7-10 days. The drug tolerance, side effects and efficacy of the first course of treatment were studied.

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