RESUMEN
Main symptoms of the prodromal radiation syndrome have been investigated. The results of clinical observations shown that the probability of displaying the prodromal syndrome is a function of radiation dose.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Humanos , Traumatismos por Radiación/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
On the basis of the results of radiobiological studies on acute nonuniform irradiation of the animal's abdomen a dose dependence has been found for the duration of the injury to barrier properties of the small intestine epithelium, T(D). With relative coordinates x = D/LD50 and y = T (D)/T(LD50), this dependence may be represented by a single function for various animal species.
Asunto(s)
Intestino Delgado/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Epitelio/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Biológicos , Dosis de Radiación , RatasRESUMEN
Using different quality coefficients as functions of LET, generalized equivalent doses were calculated, and the survival of dogs after gamma/neutron irradiation was determined using the concept of an equivalent dose. LET functions of the generalized quality coefficients providing a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results were chosen. Various functions of the generalized quality coefficients for different ingredients of bone-marrow haemopoiesis activity should be used to estimate the severity of radiation injury to red bone marrow.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Animales , Perros , Transferencia de Energía , Rayos gamma , Neutrones , Dosis de RadiaciónRESUMEN
The notion of "a generalized equivalent dose" was introduced in order to use an equivalent dose as a dosimetric criterion for the estimation of acute exposure to densely ionizing radiation. The generalized quality coefficients that were used to quantify a generalized equivalent dose depended on LET, and with gamma/neutron radiation, on neutron energy. Several possible LET functions of the generalized quality coefficients were chosen and mean quality coefficients were transformed, depending on neutron energy, and estimated for actual neutron energy distributions, used in radiobiological experiments, with due regard for the alteration in the neutron spectrum with the body depth.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Animales , Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Perros , Transferencia de Energía , Rayos gamma , Neutrones , Dosis de RadiaciónRESUMEN
A set of differential equations is proposed reflecting the time-dependent postirradiation changes that occur in the quantitative composition of various cell pools within the cell regeneration system of the small intestine epithelium. The solution of the equations permits to find a dose dependence of the time of reduction in the number of the epithelium functional cells below a threshold level and to obtain in equal dose.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Intestinales/etiología , Modelos Biológicos , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Células Epiteliales , Epitelio/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/citología , Intestino Delgado/efectos de la radiación , Matemática , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Dynamics of cell regeneration in the small intestine epithelium of man has been investigated in normal conditions and after acute exposure to ionizing radiation. It is suggested that the severity and outcome of the intestinal form of acute radiation sickness are determined by the time interval within which the number of functional cells of the epithelium villi remains below some threshold level that provides the retention of barrier properties of the small intestine.
Asunto(s)
Intestino Delgado/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Enfermedad Aguda , Ciclo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Epitelio/patología , Epitelio/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/patología , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
It was shown that shielding of a relatively small area of the bone marrow during acute total--body irradiation of dogs permitted to obtain a prognosticated constant increase in the survival rate within a wide range of doses exceeding the minimal absolutely lethal ones.