RESUMEN
Previous laboratory-scale studies have consistently shown that carbon-based conductive materials can notably improve the anaerobic digestion of food waste, typically employing reactors with regular capacity of 1-20 L. Furthermore, incorporating riboflavin-loaded conductive materials can further address the imbalance between fermentation and methanogenesis in anaerobic systems. However, there have been few reports on pilot-scale investigation. In this study, a 10 m2 of riboflavin modified carbon cloth was incorporated into a pilot-scale (2 m3) food waste anaerobic reactor to improve its treatment efficiency. The study found that the addition of riboflavin-loaded carbon cloth can increase the maximum organic loading rate (OLR) by 40% of the pilot-scale reactor, compared to the system using carbon cloth without riboflavin loading, while ensuring efficient operation of the reaction system, effectively alleviating system acidification, sustaining methanogen activity, and increasing daily methane production by 25%. Analysis of the microbial community structure revealed that riboflavin-loaded carbon cloth enriched the methanogenic archaea in the genera of Methanothrix and Methanobacterium, which are capable of extracellular direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). And metabolic pathway analysis identified the methane production pathway, highly enriched on the reduction of acetic acid and CO2 at riboflavin-loaded carbon cloth sample. The expression levels of genes related to methane production via DIET pathway were also significantly upregulated. These results can provide important guidance for the practical application of food waste anaerobic digestion engineering.
RESUMEN
A facile one-pot synthetic strategy was explored to synthesize carbon/calcium phosphate/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles (carbon/CaP/Fe3O4 composite NPs). Taking advantage of the unique structure including mesoporous, small CaP and Fe3O4 subunits homogeneously distributed in a carbon matrix, carbon/CaP/Fe3O4 NPs integrate high drug loading, pH/NIR-sensitive, photothermal and magnetic properties into one nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.
Asunto(s)
Fosfatos de Calcio/química , Carbono/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Óxido Ferrosoférrico/química , Nanopartículas/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Liberación de Fármacos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Magnetismo , Microscopía Confocal , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Espectrometría RamanRESUMEN
An atom-economic route to thiophenes and bithiophenes has been developed starting from the readily available gem-dialkylthio enynes. A range of functionalized thiophenes and bithiophenes, bearing a pendent vinylthio group, were obtained in good to high yields under mild conditions.