RESUMEN
Hiccups can be idiopathic, psychogenic and organic, with drugs being one of the most important causes of hiccups. Although the exact pathophysiological processes involved are still poorly understood, the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been documented to play a significant role in the generation of hiccups. We report on two patients with cellulitis who developed hiccups with the use of tramadol as an analgesic. The possible mechanisms and clinical implications of this rare adverse event are discussed. Both patients recovered from the hiccups with the use of baclofen tablets.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To find out the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for post-operative wound infection and their antibiotic sensitivity profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study was carried out in patients of postoperative wound infection. Samples from wound discharge were collected using a sterile swab and studied for identification of isolates by Gram stains and culture growth followed by in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing performed by disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. RESULTS: Out of 183 organisms, 126 (68.85%) isolated organisms were gram negative. Staphylococcus aureus, 48 (26.23%), was the predominant organism. S. aureus was sensitive to rifampicin (89.58%), levofloxacin (60.42%), and vancomycin (54.17%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to ciprofloxacin (83.78%), gatifloxacin (51.35%), and meropenem (51.35%). Escherichia coli was sensitive to levofloxacin (72.41%) and ciprofloxacin (62.07%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to ciprofloxacin (63.16%), levofloxacin (63.16%), gatifloxacin (63.16%), and linezolid (56.52%). Proteus mirabilis was sensitive to ciprofloxacin (75%) and linezolid (62.50). Proteus vulgaris was sensitive to ampicillin+sulbactam (57.14%) followed by levofloxacin (50%). CONCLUSIONS: There is an alarming increase of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly in the emergence of VRSA/VISA, meropenem, and third generation cephalosporin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Linezolid showing sensitivity against Gram negative bacteria.