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Critical analysis of the taxonomy problems in the mosquito family Culicidae has been carried out. Different conceptions on the family classification are considered in historical aspect. Debatable points of the systematics of tribe Aedini are expounded. Recommendations on the use of names of mosquito taxa and annotated checklist of the Culicidae species from the fauna of Russia are given.

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Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the male genitalia in the Palearctic species of the subgenus Aedes and circumstantial data on the distribution ranges of these species are given for the first time. Four new species, Aedes alexandrei sp. n., Ae. dmitryi sp. n., Ae. nataliae sp. n., and Ae. valeryi sp. n. are described. Ae. geminus is recorded in Russia for the first time. Taxonomic positions of the species Ae. rossicus, Ae. esoensis, Ae. geminis, and Ae. cinereus are discussed with particular regards to their morphology and distribution in Russia.

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The lists of malaria mosquitoes in Russia includes 12 species, rather than 13, as it was formerly considered (Gornostaeva, 2000; Gornostaeva, Danilov, 2002), because Anopheles subalpinus is a junior synonym of An. melanoon. Data accumulated up to present are still not sufficient to characterize ranges of many species in Russia, specifically An. beklemishevi, An. maculipennis, and An. messea. Careful investigations of biodiversity and ranges of the malaria mosquitoes in different territories of Russia have not been carried out since 40-60th. In the last 50 years, a cytodiagnostic method appeared to be the most perspective method for the study of biodiversity and ranges of the malaria mosquitoes in Russia. Critical analysis of data obtained by this methods shows that the studies of biodiversity and ranges of the malaria mosquitoes should be performed in a contact of entomologist and genetic experts to avoid errors in a collection of field data and laboratory tests. The study of biodiversity and ranges of the malaria mosquitoes is a quite important field of investigations, because of increase of local cases of the malaria disease and unfavorable prognosis for nearest years in relation to the malaria.

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Maps and distribution data are provided for the seven mosquito species of the genus Anopheles, the maculipennis group: Anopheles atroparvus, A. beklemishevi, A. maculipennis, A. messeae, A. malanoon, A. sacharovi and A. subalpinus.

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Maps and distribution data for six species of the genus Anopheles in Russia are given.

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The checklist of the European Russia Culicidae is presented for the first time in Russian literature. It includes 64 species. The distribution in Russia of 4 from 64 listed species (Culiseta fumipennis, Aedes rusticus, Ae. cretinus, Ae. aegypti) is doubtful. The classification and valid species names are listed according to the Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Knight, Stone, 1977) and its supplements (Knight, 1978; Ward, 1984; 1992; Gaffigan, Ward, 1985), with the exceptions of 4 species. These species (Aedes duplex, Ae. pulchritarsis, Ae. rossicus, Ae. schtakelbergi) are regarded in comments to the checklist.

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The mosquitos collected in Smolensk and Kaluga provinces in 1985 by the expedition team of the D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology were identified by V. N. Danilov in 1986. Among the females of mosquitos collected in Smolensk Province four genera and 16 species were recorded; two genera (Culiseta, Mansonia) and 9 species were new ones for this region. Taking in account the reference data (excluding Anopheles hircanus and Aedes behningi, the presence of which here is doubtful) there 22 species of mosquitos of five genera (Anopheles--3, Aedes--16, Mansonia, Culiseta, Culex--one of each) are recently known in Smolensk Province. Among the females of mosquitos collected in Kaluga Province, two genera and 8 species were found including one genus (Mansonia) and three species being a new ones for this region. Together with the reference data, there 17 species of mosquitos of four genera (Anopheles--2, Aedes--13, Mansonia, Culex--one of each) are known now for Kaluga Province.

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A new checklist of mosquitoes (Culicidae) recorded in the Asian part of Russia includes 79 species. The checklist is provided with taxonomic comments and compared with ones compiled by previous authors. In a comparison to the checklist of Kukharchuk (1980) including 73 species, 10 species are added into the present checklist and 6 species mentioned by this author are excluded, as far they were not actually found in Asian part of Russia. The names of 9 species are chanced according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1966). In the checklist of Stojanovich and Scott (1995) including 64 species, 5 species were included erraneously and 21 species were missed. The classification and valid species names are listed according to the Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Knight, Stone, 1977) and its supplements (Knight, 1978; Ward, 1984, 1992; Gaffigan, Ward, 1985), except 5 species. These species (Aedes implicatus, Ae. esoensis, Ae. rossicus, Ae. albescens, Ae. subdiversus) are considered in the comments to the checklist.

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Among females and larvae of mosquitoes collected in 1969, 1981-1984 in the area of the Sayan-Shushenskoe hydroelectric power station (140 km up the Yenisei River from the Abakan city) 5 genera and 30 species were recorded. Based on recent collections and reference data (Gornostaeva e. a., 1969; Gornostaeva, Danilov, 1986) the fauna of the region in question includes 31 species of mosquitoes (Anopheles--1, Culiseta--2, Coquillettidia--1, Aedes--22, Culex--5).

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The paper gives brief biographic data biologists, to whom the valid names of mosquitos, described from the former USSR, had been dedicated.

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The mosquitos collected in Smolensk and Kaluga provinces in 1985 by the expedition team of the D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology were identified by V. N. Danilov in 1986. Among the females of mosquitos collected in Smolensk Province four genera and 16 species were recorded; two genera (Culiseta, Mansonia) and 9 species were new ones for this region. Taking in account the reference data (excluding Anopheles hircanus and Aedes behningi, the presence of which here is doubtful) there 22 species of mosquitos of five genera (Anopheles--3, Aedes--16, Mansonia, Culiseta, Culex--one of each) are recently known in Smolensk Province. Among the females of mosquitos collected in Kaluga Province, two genera and 8 species were found including one genus (Mansonia) and three species being a new ones for this region. Together with the reference data, there 17 species of mosquitos of four genera (Anopheles--2, Aedes--13, Mansonia, Culex--one of each) are known now for Kaluga Province.

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The tested overalls for protection in hot climate may be recommended only for the protection of people engaged in work involving little movement (fishermen, watchmen, etc.). For wider use of such overalls in hot regions the design should be changed, the alterations are described in the paper. Further trials of the overalls should be carried out with its modified design; this costume provides adequate mechanical protection from the bites of mosquitoes and other blood-sucking Diptera and it will be widely used in the tropics, where blood-sucking Diptera contribute much to infection transmission.

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Possibility of determination of the actual fecundity of midges on females with mature eggs preserved in the collection (dry or in alcohol) for decades has been studied. The procedure of work is described. A list of species is given, in which the fecundity was determined in this way.

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Females of a little known in the USSR species of bloodsucking midges, Culicoides toyamaruae Arn., are described on material collected in South Transbaikalia (Onon district of the Chita region). Their morphological variability in different parts of the range of the species (South Transbaikalia, South Primorye, Sakhalin, Japan, China) is considered.

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