RESUMEN
DNA samples obtained from the populations of the Red Data Book species Bellevalia sarmatica (Georgi) Worovow from Volgograd oblast were examined using RAPD and AFLP analyses. DNA marking revealed considerable differences in the levels of interpopulation and intraspecific polymorphism of the Bellevalia. Furthermore, RAPD analysis, despite of lower levels of interpopulation polymorphism identified, made it possible to obtain clearer data on population subdivision upon statistical treatment of the results. The results of this study can be used in developing conservation strategies for maintenance of the species abundance and genetic diversity, as well as in elaborating the criteria for construction genetic collections.
Asunto(s)
Liliaceae/genética , Filogeografía , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados/métodos , Genoma de Planta , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio/métodos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Genetic variability of the Cucumis sativus species and its phylogenetic relationsips with other species of the genus were studied on the basis of RAPD marking and analysis of intra- and interspecific polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the NBS-LRR gene family in species of the genus Cucumis with the use of the NBS profiling method. According to RAPD analysis, cucumber cultivars from different geographic regions are highly similar, except for accessions k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan. NBS profiling analysis revealed phylogenetically most distinct accessions expected to be characterized by specificity of resistance: k-3845 from Uzbekistan, k-3851 from Kyrgyzstan, line 701, k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan, k-2757 and k-3079 from Netherlands, vr.k. 908 from Canada, k-2926 from Bulgaria, Russian cultivars Monastyrskii, Izyashchnyi, and Lel'. Three essentially different groups of species were distinguished, and the C. sativus species (subgenus Cucumis) was found to be distant from the species belonging to the subgenus Melo.
Asunto(s)
Cucumis sativus/genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Afganistán , Asia Central , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The possibility of using RAPD and AFLP methods for genetic monitoring of populations of Matthiola fragrans (Bunge), a species included in the Red Book of the USSR, was shown for the first time. An analysis of inter- and intrapopulation and interspecies genome polymorphism was performed. Differences in the genetic structure of Matthiola populations from various geographical collection points were revealed. A simple method of performing RAPD analysis and the great number of unique markers found in each population compared with the AFLP analysis, as well as the good division of populations under statistical treatment, allow us to draw the conclusion that using the RAPD method in genetic monitoring of rare and insufficiently studied species is well founded.
Asunto(s)
Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados , Brassicaceae/genética , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Extinción Biológica , Variación Genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
RAPD analysis was used to study the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of polyploid Aegilops species with the U genome. In total, 115 DNA samples of eight polyploid species containing the U genome and the diploid species Ae. umbellulata (U) were examined. Substantial interspecific polymorphism was observed for the majority of the polyploid species with the U genome (interspecific differences, 0.01-0,2; proportion of polymorphic loci, 56.6-88.2%). Aegilops triuncialis was identified as the only alloploid species with low interspecific polymorphism (interspecific differences, 0-0.01, P = 50%) in the U-genome group. The U-genome Aegilops species proved to be separated from other species of the genus. The phylogenetic relationships were established for the U-genome species. The greatest separation within the U-genome group was observed for the US-genome species Ae. kotschyi and Ae. variabilis. The tetraploid species Ae. triaristata and Ae. columnaris, which had the UX genome, and the hexaploid species Ae. recta (UXN) were found to be related to each other and separate from the UM-genome species. A similarity was observed between the U M-genome species Ae. ovata and Ae. biuncialis, which had the UM genome, and the ancestral diploid U-genome species Ae. umbellulata. The UC-genome species Ae. triuncialis was rather separate and slightly similar to the UX-genome species.
Asunto(s)
Genoma de Planta , Filogenia , Poaceae/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Poliploidía , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado AleatorioRESUMEN
RAPD analysis was used to study the intraspecific variation and phylogenetic relationships of S-genome diploid Aegilops species regarded as potential donors of the B genome of cultivated wheat. In total, 21 DNA specimens from six S-genome diploid species were examined. On a dendrogram, Ae. speltoides and Ae. aucheri formed the most isolated cluster. Among the other species, Ae. searsii was the most distant while Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis were the closest species. The maximum difference between individual accessions within one species was approximately the same (0.18-0.22) in Ae. bicornis, Ae. longissima. Ae. sharonensis, and Ae. searsii. The difference between the clusters of questionable species Ae. speltoides and Ae. aucheri corresponded to the intraspecific level; the difference between closely related Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis corresponded to the interspecific level. The section Sitopsis of the genus Aegilops includes six diploid species containing the S genome, which is regarded as an ancestor of the B genome of cultivated wheat. The species of the section are thought to be closest to the genus Triticum. Note that the taxonomic status of some forms of the section Sitopsis is questionable. For instance, Ae. speltoides and Ae. aucheri are variously considered as individual species or as a single species, Ae. speltoides. The situation with Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis is similar. Thus, although the group includes only diploid species and is well studied morphologically, its phylogeny and taxonomy are still questionable.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Plantas/genética , Evolución Molecular , Genoma de Planta/genética , Filogenia , Poaceae/genética , Diploidia , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado AleatorioRESUMEN
Chloroplast DNA trnL-trnF spacer sequences of tRNA genes of 14 specimens of the fam. Lemnaceae have been characterized. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the spacer trnL-trnF of geographically isolated and morphologically differing accessions of S. polyrrhiza that is the most widespread species of Spirodela genus showed the low level of intraspecific variability. Five trnL-trnF haplotypes of S. polyrrhiza are identified. Both mono-, and polynucleotide repeats, and also extensive indels, specific to representatives Spirodela polyrrhiza, Landoltia punctata and Lemna sp. are revealed. Competency of Landoltia genus allocation as separate entity was confirmed.
Asunto(s)
Araceae/clasificación , ADN de Cloroplastos/genética , ADN Intergénico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , ARN de Transferencia/genética , Araceae/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Genes de Plantas , Haplotipos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMEN
rDNA sequences of ITS region including full sequences of ITS1, 5.8S and partly sequenced ITS2 of 22 accessions of 5 diploid Aegilops species, were determined. The full alignment length was 524 bp. The analysis of ITS sequences shows a number of species-specific nucleotide changes. For the first time for diploid Aegilops species an interspecific polymorphism was shown. In some positions the polymorphism within accessions was determined. It can be differences either between or within individual plants. In general both inter- and intraspecific polymorphism of ITS sequences was very low. Nucleotide polymorphism was determined only in 25 sites, 12 of which were informative.
Asunto(s)
ADN Ribosómico/genética , Diploidia , Poaceae/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
RAPD analysis was carried out to study the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of polyploid Aegilops species, which contain the D genome as a component of the alloploid genome, and diploid Aegilops tauschii, which is a putative donor of the D genome for common wheat. In total, 74 accessions of six D-genome Aegilops species were examined. The highest intraspecific variation (0.03-0.21) was observed for Ae. tauschii. Intraspecific distances between accessions ranged 0.007-0.067 in Ae. cylindrica, 0.017-0.047 in Ae. vavilovii, and 0.00-0.053 in Ae. juvenalis. Likewise, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. crassa showed low intraspecific polymorphism. The among-accession difference in alloploid Ae. ventricosa (genome DvNv) was similar to that of one parental species, Ae. uniaristata (N), and substantially lower than in the other parent, Ae. tauschii (D). The among-accession difference in Ae. cylindrica (CcDc) was considerably lower than in either parent, Ae. tauschii (D) or Ae. caudata (C). With the exception of Ae. cylindrica, all D-genome species--Ae. tauschii (D), Ae. ventricosa (DvNv), Ae. crassa (XcrDcrl and XcrDcrlDcr2), Ae. juvenalis (XjDjUj), and Ae. vavilovii (XvaDvaSva)--formed a single polymorphic cluster, which was distinct from clusters of other species. The only exception, Ae. cylindrica, did not group with the other D-genome species, but clustered with Ae. caudata (C), a donor of the C genome. The cluster of these two species was clearly distinct from the cluster of the other D-genome species and close to a cluster of Ae. umbellulata (genome U) and Ae. ovata (genome UgMg). Thus, RAPD analysis for the first time was used to estimate and to compare the interpopulation polymorphism and to establish the phylogenetic relationships of all diploid and alloploid D-genome Aegilops species.
Asunto(s)
Genoma de Planta , Filogenia , Poaceae/clasificación , Poaceae/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Poliploidía , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado AleatorioRESUMEN
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze six species, three populations, and seven regional cultivars of barley. A unique pattern of amplified DNA products was obtained for each species of the genus Hordeum. High polymorphism of barley species was revealed. Specific fragments were found in most RAPD patterns; the fragments can be used as molecular markers of corresponding species and subspecies. Several other DNA fragments were shown to serve as molecular markers of the H genome. Specific RAPD patterns were obtained for each population and each cultivar of H. vulgare sensu lato. In total, variation between the populations and between the cultivars was substantially lower than between species. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) was used to estimate genetic distances between the Hordeum species, between the H. spontaneum populations, and between regional H. vulgare cultivars and a dendrogram was constructed.
Asunto(s)
Marcadores Genéticos , Genoma de Planta , Hordeum/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The exogenous action of a sulphur-containing nucleotidepeptide on Anabaena cylindrica caused an increase in the biomass of the alga by 76% as a result of acceleration of growth and larger dimensions of cells. The content of nucleic acids per cell also increased: that of DNA by 40%, that of RNA, by 11%.
Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias/efectos de los fármacos , ADN/análisis , ARN/análisis , Tionucleótidos/farmacología , Cianobacterias/citología , Cianobacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Péptidos/farmacología , Estimulación QuímicaAsunto(s)
Eucariontes/análisis , Sustancias de Crecimiento/aislamiento & purificación , Nucleótidos/aislamiento & purificación , Péptidos/aislamiento & purificación , Chlorophyta/análisis , Chlorophyta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cianobacterias/análisis , Cianobacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sustancias de Crecimiento/farmacología , Nucleótidos/farmacología , Péptidos/farmacología , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The growth of the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the cytoplasm-nucleus ratio (CNR) were studied in the alga Hydrodictyon reticulatum Lagerch. The nucleus divides at the maximum values of CNR; CNR decreases between divisions. The synthesis of the nuclear matter takes place immediately after the mitosis, the growth of the cytoplasm prevails before the nuclear division. This unusual phenomenon can be presumably explained by the fact that Hydrodictyon is a polynucleate organism.