RESUMEN
Most palm leaf manuscripts are generally accessible in deteriorated condition, including cracks, discoloration, moisture and humidity, and insects bite. Such a manuscript is considered challenging in the research field. We captured deteriorated Tamil palm leaves around 262 dataset samples are 'Naladiyar(27)',' Tholkappiyam(221)', and' Thirikadugam(14)' which are genned up mortal health, discipline, authoritative text on Tamil grammar. We contribute the high-quality raw dataset with the aid of a Nikon camera, pre-enhance samples by editing software tool, and applied the Otsu threshold to deliver the ground images through binarization as readily accessible content presenting a highly time-consuming task to play a vital role in Machine/Deep/ Transfer learning, AI, and ANN.
RESUMEN
The emergence of a modern teacher education system in Singapore can be traced to 1950 when the Teachers Training College (TTC) was established. The TTC was a separate entity from the School of Education at the University of Singapore. Rapid economic growth in the 1970s and 80s necessitated changes to upgrade the education system, such that school leavers could be better prepared for work in a post-industrial economy. It was recognised then that teacher preparation had to be upgraded to represent the field as an evidence-based profession, thus leading to the establishment of the Institute of Education in 1973; this was a significant first step in the journey towards universitising teacher education in Singapore. Continued and transformative economic growth in the 1980s and 90 s necessitated further changes in education goals, best represented by the Thinking Schools, Learning Nation initiative in 1997, the Teach Less Learn More initiative in 2004, and the ICT MasterPlans initiatives. In response, in 1991, the National Institute of Education (NIE) was established, as an institute of Nanyang Technological University. The move to universitise teacher education in Singapore enabled the profession to attract a better calibre of teacher-students, develop rigorous graduate and postgraduate programmes in education, recruit faculty with postgraduate qualifications, and invest in Singapore-centric education research. Though the journey has been long, steady progress towards universitisation has contributed significantly to Singapore's development, and the NIE can today claim to be an internationally recognised Institute of Distinction.
RESUMEN
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the morpholinoethylester of mycophenolic acid, inhibits the de novo pathway for purine synthesis. Evidence suggests that MMF suppresses lymphocyte function more than that of neutrophils, erythrocytes, and other rapidly dividing cell lines that can utilize salvage pathways for purine synthesis. While rigorous efficacy data await the completion of an ongoing, multicenter, prospectively randomized, placebo-controlled trial, long-term safety data are, however, available from numerous uncontrolled trials in cardiac transplantation. Dose-ranging trials in 49 heart recipients suggest that doses > or = 4000 mg/d are associated with significant, reversible gastrointestinal toxicity when compared with doses < 4000 mg/d (p < 0.001). Patients receiving > or = 1000 mg/d may have fewer rejection episodes. Even in the long term, changing from azathioprine to MMF is associated with increases in hematocrit (p < 0.001), total WBC count (p < 0.005), and absolute neutrophil count (p < 0.005). Successful use of MMF in refractory cardiac allograft rejection suggests an advantage over azathioprine. MMF is safe and appears to be at least as effective as azathioprine for immunosuppression following heart transplantation.
Asunto(s)
Rechazo de Injerto/prevención & control , Trasplante de Corazón , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Ácido Micofenólico/análogos & derivados , Animales , Azatioprina/administración & dosificación , Azatioprina/efectos adversos , Azatioprina/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Rechazo de Injerto/tratamiento farmacológico , Trasplante de Corazón/efectos adversos , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Ácido Micofenólico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Micofenólico/efectos adversos , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapéutico , Placebos , Estudios Prospectivos , Purinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , SeguridadAsunto(s)
Trasplante de Corazón , Femenino , Rechazo de Injerto , Supervivencia de Injerto , Trasplante de Corazón/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Corazón/mortalidad , Trasplante de Corazón/tendencias , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Masculino , Selección de Paciente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Inmunología del TrasplanteRESUMEN
Ability of 8 ectomycorrhizal fungi to synthesise indole 3-acetic acid from L-tryptophan and their growth rate were studied. Differences in the levels of IAA synthesis and biomass production among the 8 mycorrhizal fungi were observed. A positive correlation was recorded between IAA level and mycelial growth. The synthesis of IAA and mycelial biomass were maximum on 30th day after incubation. Pisolithus tinctorius and Laccaria laccata exhibited higher amounts of IAA production than other fungi, whereas Amanita muscaria and Rhizopogon luteolus showed least quantity of IAA.
Asunto(s)
Hongos/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Hongos/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
This paper notes that reading is a significant and complex task; effective reading skills are crucial for educational success and psychological integration; Data from the Remedial Reading Clinic, Institute of Education and data from a reading survey amongst 1,157 Primary Six pupils from 18 schools is with the two aspects noted above as a framework. The work of Bruno Bettelheim, a noted child psychiatrist is given special attention.