RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sperm cryopreservation is an important tool for breed improvement, nonetheless, spermatozoids of rams are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation. AIMS: The present research was to compare a liposome-based (OptiXcell: OX) diluent, a commercial TRIS-egg yolk (Optidyl: OP) and a citrate egg yolk-based (CY) diluent on ovine semen quality through the cryopreservation process. METHODS: Semen was collected from four sexually mature Dorper rams during the natural breeding season. After collection, semen was evaluated and diluted in OX, OP or CY diluent and was cooled from 37°C to 4°C for 2 h (refrigerated semen, RS), after that semen-filled straws were placed in liquid nitrogen (LN) vapour for 10 min, then immersed into LN at -196°C (cryopreserved semen, CS) and stored until evaluation. RESULTS: For fresh semen (FS), similar values (P>0.05) were obtained from the 3 diluents [motility (4.2 ± 0.3), viability (75.4 ± 3.2), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) (59.2 ± 2.1), and normality (84.7 ± 3.5)]. The motility values were higher for RS with OX and CY (4.0 ± 0.2 and 3.6 ± 0.3, respectively) compared to OP (3.0 ± 0.21; P<0.05). The viability was reduced after refrigeration and freezing (P<0.05). Refrigerated semen viability was similar for OX (65%), CY (63%) and OP diluents (60%; P>0.05), but for frozen semen, viability was lower in the CY diluent (P<0.05). Membrane integrity (HOST) in OX (53.6 ± 1.7) was similar to that in OP (50.7 ± 1.5; P>0.05) but higher than in CY (48.7 ± 1.5; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: No difference was found between the OX diluents and those made with egg yolk in terms of sperm parameters; however, the OX diluent was more efficient in protecting the integrity of membrane in freezing/thawing semen.
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UNLABELLED: BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) is an increasingly recognized cause of kidney allograft loss and is thought to be related to the newer, more potent immunosuppressive agents. Conflicting information has been reported on risk factors for BK infection. PURPOSE: To determine incidence, associated factors, and outcome of BKVN in our kidney transplant population in order to improve identification and management. METHODS: Kidney transplants from January 2000 to December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected for patients with biopsy-proven BKVN including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), etiology of renal failure, other medical diseases, donor type, surgical complications, rejection and infection, time to diagnosis, induction, immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy, and clinical outcome. A control group of patients matched for sex, age, type of graft, etiology of kidney disease, and BMI, was established for comparison. STUDY GROUP: During this period, 20 (4%) of 497 transplanted patients were diagnosed with BKVN. Thirteen (65%) were males, 8 (40%) were young adults (ages 21-40), and 18 (90%) received grafts from cadaveric donors (P=0.05). Twelve (60%) had hypertensive renal disease, 2 (10%) also had diabetes, and 16 (80%) had a BMI >25 (P=0.01). Lymphoceles occurred in 5 patients (25%). Mean creatinine level at diagnosis was 2.7 mg/dL and mean time to diagnosis was 23 months. Ten patients (50%) had leukopenia at or within a year before biopsy (P=0.001). Viruses other than BK occurred in 9 patients: varicella zoster virus in 3, cytomegalovirus in 2, herpes simplex virus in 1, molluscum contagiosum in 1, Epstein-Barr virus in 1, and human papillomavirus in 1. Eighteen patients (90%) had related rejection (P= 0.001) and 4 (20%) suffered allograft loss (P= 0.001). Basiliximab (living donors) and anti-thymocyte globulin (cadaver donors) were given for induction. All patients were on triple therapy; 15 on prednisone and sirolimus, with either tacrolimus in 8, cyclosporine in 4, mycophenolate in 1, or mycophenolate and tacrolimus in 2. The other 5 received prednisone with tacrolimus and mycophenolate. Graft loss occurred in 2 patients on tacrolimus and mycophenolate, 1 patient on tacrolimus and sirolimus, and 1 patient on cyclosporine and sirolimus. Immunosuppression was decreased in all patients. Two were given cidofovir for 6 months and had stable creatinine levels at the end of the study. Records were reviewed until April 2007. There were no deaths in this cohort. CONTROL GROUP: The number of rejections experienced by patients with BKV was much higher (P<0.0001), but the rate of graft loss was similar between the 2 groups (P=0.19). Viral co-infection was more frequent in patients with BKV (P=0.04). No episodes of leukopenia were reported for any of the patients in the control group (P=0.001). Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and sirolimus was more frequent in the BKV group, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.18, 0.28, respectively). The number of lymphoceles was larger in patients with BKV, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.35). CONCLUSION: BKVN is present in our transplant population and results in a high rate of allograft rejection with varying rates of graft loss. Associated factors were deceased donor and immunosuppression with potent agents, particularly tacrolimus and sirolimus. We also found a higher frequency of obesity, viral co-infection, and leukopenia. Routine screening and timely biopsy could prove cost-effective and significantly reduce morbidity.
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Virus BK , Rechazo de Injerto/epidemiología , Hispánicos o Latinos , Enfermedades Renales , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Polyomavirus , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus , Adulto , Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , Enfermedades Renales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Renales/etnología , Enfermedades Renales/virología , Masculino , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/etnología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Pronóstico , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Puerto Rico/etnología , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/etnología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Skin invasion by Aspergillus is infrequent. We here describe six immunocompromised patients with skin manifestations caused by Aspergillus. A heart transplant recipient developed a primary cutaneous aspergillosis; two patients (one with chronic granulomatous disease and another treated with a high dose of corticosteroids) presented with nodular lesions secondary to haematogenous dissemination; and three patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia had skin dissemination by contiguity from orbit and sinus invasion. A. flavus was isolated in the three cases of leukaemia; the infection was due to A. fumigatus in the transplant recipient; A. fumigatus and A. versicolor were isolated in the patients with the secondary aspergillosis. In most cases, amphotericin B was useful, with clinical and mycological remission in four patients. A patient with leukaemia died without undergoing treatment, and a child carrier of chronic granulomatous disease died after only 12 days of treatment.
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Aspergilosis/patología , Dermatomicosis/patología , Infecciones Oportunistas/patología , Anciano , Aspergilosis/inmunología , Niño , Dermatomicosis/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Oportunistas/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Cardiopatías Congénitas/prevención & control , Cardiopatías/prevención & control , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Endocarditis Bacteriana/prevención & control , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético , Cardiopatías Congénitas/genética , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Sarampión/complicaciones , Sarampión/congénito , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/etiología , Fiebre Reumática/complicaciones , Cardiopatía Reumática/etiología , Cardiopatía Reumática/prevención & control , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/prevención & control , VacunaciónRESUMEN
A rare case of Norwegian scabies in a 16 years old female patient is reported. There also was Silver Roussel's syndrome and cellular immunologic deficiency. The case was confirmed at the biopsy, direct examination and immunologic examinations. Clinically, by erythema and adherent, abundant, whitish desquamation. The treatment resulted in a full recovery.
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Sarcoptes scabiei/aislamiento & purificación , Escabiosis/parasitología , Adolescente , Biopsia , Enfermedades del Desarrollo Óseo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Desarrollo Óseo/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Disgammaglobulinemia/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia/congénito , Inmunidad Celular , Fenilbutazona/uso terapéutico , Pubertad Precoz/tratamiento farmacológico , Pubertad Precoz/patología , Escabiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Escabiosis/patología , SíndromeRESUMEN
We are presenting five cases of Goldenhar's syndrome studied at the Clinical Genetics Unit of the Hospital Infantil of México. We do not know exactly the type of inheritance of this congenital malforamtion; in one of our cases, it seems to be related to advanced paternal age. We can consider the possibility of autosomal dominant neomutation.
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Quiste Dermoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Disostosis Mandibulofacial/diagnóstico , Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMEN
The author discusses the classification of human intersexuality and considers chromosomic sex, genetic sex, type of sex apparent in the newborn, legal sex, social sex and psychological sex.
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Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual/clasificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PediatríaRESUMEN
We present six cases of ADAM syndrome, that we have been studying at the Unit of Clinical Genetics of the Hospital Infantil de México. We wish to stress how it is possible using medical photography to appreciate the different characteristics of ADAM syndrome: A-Amniotic, D-Deformation, A-Adhesions, M-Mutilation.