RESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the main clinical phenotypes, laboratory findings, and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients hospitalized at the High Specialty Medical Unit # 71 of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Methods: Prospective observational cohort study with a total of 105 patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at the High Specialty Medical Unit # 71 (Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico), from May 15th to August 15th, 2020. The cases were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive through an RT-qPCR test. Clinical phenotypes and laboratory tests were evaluated to determine the degree of severity of the disease and the most frequent comorbidities. Results: The clinical characteristics of a total of 105 hospitalized patients (47 females and 58 males; median age being 52 years) with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses were studied. The severity of the disease was classified as moderate grade (62.7%), severe grade (21.5%), and critical grade (15.6%). Among the most frequent underlying pathologies coexisted overweight (n = 75, 78.12%), obesity (n = 21, 21.87%), diabetes (n = 10, 9.52%), and hypertension (n = 6, 5.71%), some of these patients present more than one pathology. This association was found with diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.97; p = 0.021) and high levels of D-dimer (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.08; p = 0.001). Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 from a specialty hospital in the northeast region of Mexico, it was observed that clinical phenotypes and D-dimer elevation were compatible with an inflammatory state by degree of severity; it was found that the hospitalized patients with underlying chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and elevated D-dimer levels were significantly associated with increased mortality from COVID-19. Age and sex (males) were two factors highly associated with mortality.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/patología , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Femenino , Productos de Degradación de Fibrina-Fibrinógeno , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) allele groups and alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 15,318 mixed ancestry Mexicans from all the states of the country divided into 78 sample sets, providing information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium, as well as admixture estimates and genetic substructure. We identified the presence of 4268 unique HLA extended haplotypes across Mexico and find that the ten most frequent (HF > 1%) HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ'≥0.1) in Mexico (accounting for 20% of the haplotypic diversity of the country) are of primarily Native American ancestry (A*02~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*08~DQB1*04, A*68~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*14~DQB1*03:01, A*24~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*40:02~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*68~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*15:01~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02). Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-A/-B/-DRB1 as genetic estimators revealed that the main genetic components in Mexico as a whole are Native American (ranging from 37.8% in the northern part of the country to 81.5% in the southeastern region) and European (ranging from 11.5% in the southeast to 62.6% in northern Mexico). African admixture ranged from 0.0 to 12.7% not following any specific pattern. We were able to detect three major immunogenetic clusters correlating with genetic diversity and differential admixture within Mexico: North, Central and Southeast, which is in accordance with previous reports using genome-wide data. Our findings provide insights into the population immunogenetic substructure of the whole country and add to the knowledge of mixed ancestry Latin American population genetics, important for disease association studies, detection of demographic signatures on population variation and improved allocation of public health resources.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Genética de Población/métodos , Antígenos HLA/genética , Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , ADN/genética , ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genoma Humano , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , MéxicoRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 148 Mexicans from the state of Tamaulipas living in Ciudad Victoria (Nâ¯=â¯23) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯125), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Tamaulipas include ten Native American, three European and one African haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Tamaulipas are Native American (54.69⯱â¯0.93% by ML; 47.65% of Native American haplotypes) and European (34.66⯱â¯5.62% by ML; 33.56% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (10.65⯱â¯5.05% by ML; 12.42% of African haplotypes).
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Geografía , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Población RuralRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 461 Mexicans from the state of Chihuahua living in Chihuahua city (Nâ¯=â¯119), Ciudad Juárez (Nâ¯=â¯106) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯236), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium. We find that the most frequent haplotypes found in the state of Chihuahua include seven Native American and three European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Chihuahua are European (52.12⯱â¯0.88% by ML; 41.53% of European haplotypes) and Native American (39.51⯱â¯2.17% by ML; 37.45% of Native American haplotypes), while African genetic component was less apparent (8.36⯱â¯1.47% by ML; 11.70% of African haplotypes).
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población/métodos , Genotipo , Geografía , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Población RuralRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 95 Mexicans from the state of Aguascalientes to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Aguascalientes include four Native American, three European and one Asian haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Aguascalientes are Native American (54.53⯱â¯3.22% by ML; 44.21% of Native American haplotypes) and European (44.34⯱â¯0.45% by ML; 40.53% of European haplotypes), and a relatively low African genetic component (1.13⯱â¯2.33% by ML; 5.26% of African haplotypes).
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Etnicidad , Frecuencia de los Genes , Geografía , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , MéxicoRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 665 Mexicans from the state of Nuevo León living in the city of Monterrey (Nâ¯=â¯226) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯439), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Nuevo León include 12 Native American and three European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Nuevo León are Native American (54.53⯱â¯0.87% by ML; 48.88% of Native American haplotypes) and European (38.67⯱â¯4.06% by ML; 32.59% of European haplotypes), and a less prominent African genetic component (6.80⯱â¯4.30% by ML; 8.26% of African haplotypes).
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Geografía , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Población RuralRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 479 Mexicans from the state of Durango living in Durango city (Nâ¯=â¯153) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯326), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the ten most frequent haplotypes found in the state of Durango include eight Native American and two European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Durango are European (54.34⯱â¯1.68%) and Native American (45.66⯱â¯2.24%), while African genetic component was virtually absent (0.00⯱â¯2.03%). However, African haplotypes could be estimated at a proportion of 9.13%.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Geografía , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Población RuralRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 117 Mexicans from the state of San Luis Potosí living in the city of San Luis Potosí (Nâ¯=â¯30) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯87), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state include 13 Native American, six European, two African and two Asian haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components are Native American (52.72⯱â¯0.66% by ML; 48.29% of Native American haplotypes) and European (34.62⯱â¯4.28% by ML; 32.48% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (12.66⯱â¯4.61% by ML; 10.26% of African haplotypes).
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Geografía , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Población RuralRESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 684 Mexicans from the state of Coahuila living in Saltillo (Nâ¯=â¯72), Torreón (Nâ¯=â¯396) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯216), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the ten most frequent haplotypes found in the state of Coahuila include eight Native American and two European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Coahuila are European (49.72⯱â¯4.18% by ML; 37.49% of European haplotypes) and Native American (45.01⯱â¯2.69% by ML; 42.98% of Native American haplotypes), while African genetic component is less apparent (5.27⯱â¯1.88% by ML; 9.92% of African haplotypes).
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Etnicidad/genética , Variación Genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Población RuralRESUMEN
The antimicrobial effects of the Mexican medicinal plants Guazuma ulmifolia, Justicia spicigera, Opuntia joconostle, O. leucotricha, Parkinsonia aculeata, Phoradendron longifolium, P. serotinum, Psittacanthus calyculatus, Tecoma stans and Teucrium cubense were tested against several human multi-drug resistant pathogens, including three Gram (+) and five Gram (-) bacterial species and three fungal species using the disk-diffusion assay. The cytotoxicity of plant extracts on human cancer cell lines and human normal non-cancerous cells was also evaluated using the MTT assay. Phoradendron longifolium, Teucrium cubense, Opuntia joconostle, Tecoma stans and Guazuma ulmifolia showed potent antimicrobial effects against at least one multidrug-resistant microorganism (inhibition zone > 15 mm). Only Justicia spicigera and Phoradendron serotinum extracts exerted active cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cells (IC50 < or = 30 microg/mL). The results showed that Guazuma ulmifolia produced potent antimicrobial effects against Candida albicans and Acinetobacter lwoffii, whereas Justicia spicigera and Phoradendron serotinum exerted the highest toxic effects on MCF-7 and HeLa, respectively, which are human cancer cell lines. These three plant species may be important sources of antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents.