RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright's or Shukla's formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla's formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright's formula is better than Shukla's formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. METHODS: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021-2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. RESULTS: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright's formula. Moreover, Wright's formula was 29% above Shukla's VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La colocación de catéteres intravasculares venosos umbilicales (CVU) y arteriales (CAU) es el procedimiento invasivo más frecuente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Para introducirlos se utilizan las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla, aunque esta última podría estar asociada con una inserción incorrecta, especialmente en neonatos < 1500 g. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante radiografía de tórax cuál fórmula es mejor para la correcta colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron los pacientes ingresados en la UCIN de un hospital de segundo nivel entre 2021-2022 que recibieron CVU o CAU mediante las fórmulas de Wrigth o Shukla. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en total 129 recién nacidos: 78 CVU y 51 CAU. En CVU, Wright 50% y Shukla 36.8% tuvieron localización correcta, p = 0.24. En las CAU, Wright 56.6% y Shukla 52.4% tenían una ubicación correcta, p = 0.76. En CVU con peso < 1000 g, Wright 36.4% y Shukla 33.3% bien situados, p = 0.58. En CVU > 1000 g, Wright 66.6% y Shukla 38.4% bien situados, p = 0.065. En CAU < 1000 g, Wright 45% y Shukla 42.9%, p = 0.63. En CAU con peso > 1000 g, Wright 80% y Shukla 57.1%, p = 0.23. CONCLUSIONES: La colocación del CVU fue 13% mejor con la fórmula de Wright. La fórmula de Wright superó en el 29% la colocación del CVU en los neonatos > 1000 g en comparación con la de Shukla, aunque no hubo diferencia significativa debido al tamaño de la muestra.
Asunto(s)
Arterias , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Humanos , Recién Nacido , CatéteresRESUMEN
Abstract Background: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright's or Shukla's formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla's formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright's formula is better than Shukla's formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. Methods: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021-2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. Results: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). Conclusions: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright's formula. Moreover, Wright's formula was 29% above Shukla's VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.
Resumen Introducción: La colocación de catéteres intravasculares venosos umbilicales (CVU) y arteriales (CAU) es el procedimiento invasivo más frecuente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Para introducirlos se utilizan las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla, aunque esta última podría estar asociada con una inserción incorrecta, especialmente en neonatos < 1500 g. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante radiografía de tórax cuál fórmula es mejor para la correcta colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g. Métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes ingresados en la UCIN de un hospital de segundo nivel entre 2021-2022 que recibieron CVU o CAU mediante las fórmulas de Wrigth o Shukla. Resultados: Se incluyeron en total 129 recién nacidos: 78 CVU y 51 CAU. En CVU, Wright 50% y Shukla 36.8% tuvieron localización correcta, p = 0.24. En las CAU, Wright 56.6% y Shukla 52.4% tenían una ubicación correcta, p = 0.76. En CVU con peso < 1000 g, Wright 36.4% y Shukla 33.3% bien situados, p = 0.58. En CVU > 1000 g, Wright 66.6% y Shukla 38.4% bien situados, p = 0.065. En CAU < 1000 g, Wright 45% y Shukla 42.9%, p = 0.63. En CAU con peso > 1000 g, Wright 80% y Shukla 57.1%, p = 0.23. Conclusiones: La colocación del CVU fue 13% mejor con la fórmula de Wright. La fórmula de Wright superó en el 29% la colocación del CVU en los neonatos > 1000 g en comparación con la de Shukla, aunque no hubo diferencia significativa debido al tamaño de la muestra.
RESUMEN
Oily bilge wastewater (OBW) is a hazardous hydrocarbon-waste generated by ships worldwide. In this research, we enriched, characterized and study the hydrocarbon biodegradation potential of a microbial consortium from the bilges of maritime ships. The consortium cZ presented a biodegradation efficiency of 66.65% for total petroleum hydrocarbons, 72.33% for aromatics and 97.76% removal of n-alkanes. This consortium showed the ability to grow in OBWs of diverse origin and concentration. A 67-fold increase in biomass was achieved using a Sequential Batch Reactor with OBW as the only carbon and energy source. The bacterial community composition of the enriched OBW bacterial consortium at the final stable stage was characterized by 16S amplicon Illumina sequencing showing that 25 out of 915 of the emerged predominant bacterial types detected summed up for 84% of total composition. Out of the 140 taxa detected, 13 alone accumulated 94.9% of the reads and were classified as Marinobacter, Alcanivorax, Parvibaculum, Flavobacteriaceae, Gammaproteobacteria PYR10d3, Novispirillum and Xanthomonadaceae among the most predominant, followed by Thalassospira, Shewanella, Rhodospirillaceae, Gammaprotobacteria, Rhodobacteriaceae and Achromobacter. The microbial community from OBW bioreactor enrichments is intrinsically diverse with clear selection of predominant types and remarkably exhibiting consistent and efficient biodegradation achieved without any nutrient or surfactant addition. Due to there is very little information available in the OBW biodegradation field, this work contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding the treatment improvement of this toxic waste and its potential application in wastewater management.
Asunto(s)
Petróleo , Aguas Residuales , Biodegradación Ambiental , Hidrocarburos , Consorcios MicrobianosRESUMEN
A phenol-degrading fungus was isolated from crop soils. Molecular characterization (using internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor and beta-tubulin gene sequences) and biochemical characterization allowed to identify the fungal strain as Penicillium chrysogenum Thom ERK1. Phenol degradation was tested at 25 degrees C under resting mycelium conditions at 6, 30, 60, 200, 350 and 400 mg/l of phenol as the only source of carbon and energy. The time required for complete phenol degradation increased at different initial phenol concentrations. Maximum specific degradation rate (0.89978 mg of phenol/day/mg of dry weight) was obtained at 200 mg/l. Biomass yield decreased at initial phenol concentrations above 60 mg/l. Catechol was identified as an intermediate metabolite by HPLC analysis and catechol dioxygenase activity was detected in plate assays, suggesting that phenol metabolism could occur via ortho fission of catechol. Wheat seeds were used as phytotoxicity indicators of phenol degradation products. It was found that these products were not phytotoxic for wheat but highly phytotoxic for phenol. The high specific degradation rates obtained under resting mycelium conditions are considered relevant for practical applications of this fungus in soil decontamination processes.
Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Micelio/metabolismo , Penicillium chrysogenum/metabolismo , Fenol/metabolismo , Biomasa , Carbono/metabolismo , Catálisis , Catecoles/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , ADN de Hongos/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Concentración Osmolar , Penicillium chrysogenum/clasificación , Penicillium chrysogenum/genética , Penicillium chrysogenum/aislamiento & purificación , Fenol/toxicidad , Filogenia , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , Factores de Tiempo , Triticum/efectos de los fármacos , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMEN
A phenol-degrading fungus was isolated from crop soils. Molecular characterization (using internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor and beta-tubulin gene sequences) and biochemical characterization allowed to identify the fungal strain as Penicillium chrysogenum Thorn ERK1. Phenol degradation was tested at 25 °C under resting mycelium conditions at 6, 30, 60, 200, 350 and 400 mg/l of phenol as the only source of carbon and energy. The time required for complete phenol degradation increased at different initial phenol concentrations. Maximum specific degradation rate (0.89978 mg of phenol/day/mg of dry weight) was obtained at 200 mg/l. Biomass yield decreased at initial phenol concentrations above 60 mg/l. Catechol was identified as an intermediate metabolite by HPLC analysis and catechol dioxygenase activity was detected in plate assays, suggesting that phenol metabolism could occur via ortho fission of catechol. Wheat seeds were used as phototoxicity indicators of phenol degradation products. It was found that these products were not phytotoxic for wheat but highly phytotoxic for phenol. The high specific degradation rates obtained under resting mycelium conditions are considered relevant for practical applications of this fungus in soil decontamination processes.(AU)
Un aislamiento fúngico capaz de degradar fenol como única fuente de carbono y energía fue aislado de suelos agrícolas. La caracterización molecular (basada en el empleo de secuencias de espaciadores de transcriptos internos, de factores de la elongación de la traducción y del gen de la beta-tubulina) y la caracterización bioquímica permitieron identificar a esta cepa como Penicillium chrysogenum Thom ERK1. Se estudió la degradación de fenol a 25 °C en cultivos estáticos con 6, 30, 60, 200, 350 y 400 mg/l de fenol inicial. El tiempo requerido para completar la degradación de fenol aumentó al elevarse las concentraciones iniciales de dicho compuesto. La máxima tasa de degradación específica (0,89978 mg de fenol/día/mg de peso seco) se obtuvo con 200 mg/l. El rendimiento en biomasa disminuyó con concentraciones Iniciales de fenol mayores de 60 mg/l. Se identificó al catecol como intermediarlo metabolico por HPLC y se observó actividad de catecol dioxigenasa en placa, lo que sugiere que el metabolismo de degradación del fenol ocurre vía orto fisión del catecol. Se utilizaron semillas de trigo como indicadores de fitotoxicidad de los productos de degradación. Estos productos no fueron fitotóxicos para trigo, mientras que el fenol mostró una alta fitotoxicidad. La alta tasa de degradación específica obtenida en condiciones estáticas resulta de gran interés para la aplicación de este hongo en procesos de descontaminación de suelos.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Micelio/metabolismo , Penicillium chrysogenum/metabolismo , Fenol/metabolismo , Biomasa , Carbono/metabolismo , Catálisis , Catecoles/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , ADN de Hongos/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Concentración Osmolar , Penicillium chrysogenum/clasificación , Penicillium chrysogenum/genética , Penicillium chrysogenum/aislamiento & purificación , Fenol/toxicidad , Filogenia , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , Factores de Tiempo , Triticum/efectos de los fármacos , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMEN
A phenol-degrading fungus was isolated from crop soils. Molecular characterization (using internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor and beta-tubulin gene sequences) and biochemical characterization allowed to identify the fungal strain as Penicillium chrysogenum Thorn ERK1. Phenol degradation was tested at 25 °C under resting mycelium conditions at 6, 30, 60, 200, 350 and 400 mg/l of phenol as the only source of carbon and energy. The time required for complete phenol degradation increased at different initial phenol concentrations. Maximum specific degradation rate (0.89978 mg of phenol/day/mg of dry weight) was obtained at 200 mg/l. Biomass yield decreased at initial phenol concentrations above 60 mg/l. Catechol was identified as an intermediate metabolite by HPLC analysis and catechol dioxygenase activity was detected in plate assays, suggesting that phenol metabolism could occur via ortho fission of catechol. Wheat seeds were used as phototoxicity indicators of phenol degradation products. It was found that these products were not phytotoxic for wheat but highly phytotoxic for phenol. The high specific degradation rates obtained under resting mycelium conditions are considered relevant for practical applications of this fungus in soil decontamination processes.
Un aislamiento fúngico capaz de degradar fenol como única fuente de carbono y energía fue aislado de suelos agrícolas. La caracterización molecular (basada en el empleo de secuencias de espaciadores de transcriptos internos, de factores de la elongación de la traducción y del gen de la beta-tubulina) y la caracterización bioquímica permitieron identificar a esta cepa como Penicillium chrysogenum Thom ERK1. Se estudió la degradación de fenol a 25 °C en cultivos estáticos con 6, 30, 60, 200, 350 y 400 mg/l de fenol inicial. El tiempo requerido para completar la degradación de fenol aumentó al elevarse las concentraciones iniciales de dicho compuesto. La máxima tasa de degradación específica (0,89978 mg de fenol/día/mg de peso seco) se obtuvo con 200 mg/l. El rendimiento en biomasa disminuyó con concentraciones Iniciales de fenol mayores de 60 mg/l. Se identificó al catecol como intermediarlo metabolico por HPLC y se observó actividad de catecol dioxigenasa en placa, lo que sugiere que el metabolismo de degradación del fenol ocurre vía orto fisión del catecol. Se utilizaron semillas de trigo como indicadores de fitotoxicidad de los productos de degradación. Estos productos no fueron fitotóxicos para trigo, mientras que el fenol mostró una alta fitotoxicidad. La alta tasa de degradación específica obtenida en condiciones estáticas resulta de gran interés para la aplicación de este hongo en procesos de descontaminación de suelos.