RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Only few studies evaluated whether hurricane preparedness impacts health. The PREPARE study addresses this gap. METHODS: We recruited participants who had pertinent pre-hurricane data from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (SOALS: n=364) and 125 patients with diabetes from Federally Qualified Health Center (COSSMA) in Puerto Rico. Participants aged 42-75 years completed interviews 20-34 months after Hurricanes Irma and Maria. We evaluated associations between self-reported hurricane preparedness and health and other related associations using logistic regression controlling for age, location, education and interview date. RESULTS: Only 41% of participants reported high pre-hurricane preparedness; 25% reported gaps (moderate/low availability) in information and 48% reported gaps in resources for hurricane preparedness. Participants reporting lower pre-hurricane preparedness had higher reported hurricane-related detrimental health impact (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.95) and higher odds (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 0.92, 4.68) of developing new non-communicable disease (NCD) compared to others. Post-hurricane drinking water disruption for ≥ 3 months versus none or less (OR=2.76; 95% CI: 1.39, 5.47) and similarly diet changes due to cooking/refrigeration access (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.24, 3.07), and diet changes for ≥ 20 months due to finances/access to shops (OR=2.83; 95% CI: 1.85, 4.32) were also associated with detrimental health impact. CONCLUSION: Lower preparedness was associated with higher detrimental impact of the hurricanes on overall health, and marginally significant impact on NCD. Future preparedness efforts could especially target means of coping with disruption of water services and regular diet, as these were also associated with detrimental health impact.
RESUMEN
In this work we study the effects of viscosity variations in thin-layer electrochemical deposition (ECD) under galvanostatic conditions through experimental measurements and theoretical modeling. The theoretical model, written in terms of dimensionless quantities, describes diffusive, migratory and convective ion transport in a fluid under galvanostatic conditions. Experiments reveal that as viscosity increases, convection decreases when the cell resistance remains constant. Our numerical model predicts that as viscosity increases, electroconvection becomes less relevant and concentration and convective fronts slow down. The time scaling of this phenomenon is studied and compared to previously reported low viscosity solution studies.