RESUMEN
This article presents a theory-driven model in which teacher-student relationships and academic performance are indirectly related through study-related positive emotions and academic psychological capital. A sample of 1,054 Chilean high school students (50.4% females) aged 12-17 (M = 14.46, SD = 1.74) participated in the study. Through structural equation modeling, the direct and indirect effects of the proposed model were calculated. The results show that study-related positive emotions and academic psychological capital mediate between the teacher-student relationship and academic performance. These results have significant implications for improving teaching competencies through positive psychological interventions aimed at developing skills in students and thus improving students' academic performance and general well-being in educational settings.
RESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: La buprenorfina en la anestesia multimodal intratecal ofrece buena eficacia anestésica en histerectomías, pero por el mal entendimiento de su farmacocinética su efecto no está bien descrito. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia anestésica de la buprenorfina en la anestesia multimodal intratecal en histerectomías abdominales. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego, en mujeres programadas para histerectomía abdominal, distribuidas en tres grupos: grupo BBMD: buprenorfina 150 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.15% 4.5 mg + morfina 150 μg + dexmedetomidina 7.5 μg; grupo FBMD: fentanilo 50 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.15% 4.5 mg + morfina 150 μg + dexmedetomidina 7.5 μg; y grupo BM: bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.42% 12.5 mg + morfina 150 μg. Se evaluó la eficacia anestésica previo a la incisión, durante la disección de la pared abdominal, al ingreso a cavidad abdominal, en la entrada de compresas a cavidad abdominal, en la salida de compresas de cavidad abdominal y en el postquirúrgico inmediato. Resultados: Se analizaron 108 mujeres. Los tres grupos tuvieron muy buena eficacia anestésica; sin embargo, al salir compresas, antes de la dosis peridural y en el postquirúrgico inmediato, el grupo BM fue el que tuvo más molestias (p = 0.004, 0.01 y 0.01, respectivamente). Conclusión: La anestesia multimodal con BBMD demostró muy buena eficacia anestésica.
Abstract: Introduction: Buprenorphine in intrathecal multimodal anesthesia offers good anesthetic efficacy in hysterectomies, but due to the misunderstanding of its pharmacokinetics its effect is not well described. Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of buprenorphine in intrathecal multiomodal anesthesia in abdominal hysterectomies. Material and methods: Controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial in women scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy, divided into three groups: BBMD group: buprenorphine 150 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.15% 4.5 mg + morphine 150 μg + dexmedetomidine 7.5 μg; FBMD group: fentanyl 50 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.15% 4.5 mg + morphine 150 μg + dexmedetomidine 7.5 μg; and BM group: hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.42% 12.5 mg + morphine 150 μg. Anesthetic efficacy was avaluated prior to the incision, during dissection of the abdominal wall, upon entry into the abdominal cavity, upon entry of compresses into the abdominal cavity, upon exit of compresses from the abdominal cavity, and in the immediate postoperative period. Results: 108 women were analyzed, the 3 groups had very good anesthetic efficacy, however, when the compresses come out of the cavity, the BM group had the most discomfort (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Multimodal anesthesia with BBMD demostrated very good anesthetic efficacy.
RESUMEN
The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Academic Psychological Capital Questionnaire 12 (APCQ-12) in a sample of 2,196 Chilean high school students (51% girls) aged 12 to 17 years (mean 14.83 years). Results showed that: (1) the APCQ-12 produces adequate scores in terms of reliability, (2) the internal structure of the questionnaire obtains adequate fit indices, for a second order model, which is consistent with previous research, and (3) the APCQ-12 proved to be sex and age invariant. Overall, the APCQ-12 proved to be an adequate questionnaire for measuring academic psychological capital in Chilean high school students, producing valid and reliable scores.
RESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: la concentración y velocidad en la administración de la anestesia multimodal intratecal con fentanilo en cesáreas mejoran la eficacia anestésica manteniendo buen control hemodinámico. Objetivo: evaluar si algunos cambios en la anestesia multimodal intratecal mejoran su eficacia y seguridad en cesáreas. Material y métodos: ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego en mujeres embarazadas programadas para cesárea, distribuidas en tres grupos: grupo F6B2: fentanilo 65 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 2.5 mg + morfina 10 μg + dexmedetomidina 5 μg; grupo F6B3: fentanilo 60 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 3 mg+ morfina 100 μg+ dexmedetomidina 5 μg; y grupo F7B2: fentanilo 70 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 2 mg + morfina 100 μg + dexmedetomidina 5 μg. Se evaluó la eficacia anestésica previo a la incisión, durante la disección de la pared abdominal, al ingreso a cavidad abdominal, en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas y en el postquirúrgico inmediato, así como los signos vitales. Resultados: los grupos F6B2 y F6B3 resultaron tener mayor eficacia anestésica en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas (p = 0.02) y el grupo F7B2 el de mayor seguridad con mejor control hemodinámico a los minutos 1 y 10 (p = 0.03 y p = 0.03 respectivamente). Conclusiones: los cambios en la administración de la anestesia multimodal intratecal con fentanilo mejoraron la eficacia anestésica, pero disminuyen la seguridad sobre el control hemodinámico.
Abstract: Introduction: the concentration and speed in the administration of intrathecal multimodal anesthesia with fentanyl in cesareans section improve anesthetic efficacy while maintaining good hemodynamic control. Objective: to evaluate if some changes in intrathecal multimodal anesthesia improve its efficacy and safety in cesareans section. Material and methods: clinical trial, controlled, randomized, double blind; in pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section, divided into 3 groups: group F6B2: fentanyl 65 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 2.5 mg+ morphine 100 μg+ dexmedetomidine 5 μg; group F6B3: fentanyl 60 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 3 mg + morphine 100 μg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg; and group F7B2: fentanyl 70 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 2 mg + morphine 100 μg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg. The anesthetic efficacy was evaluated prior to the incision, during the dissection of the abdominal wall, upon the admission to the abdominal cavity, in the review of paracolic slides and in the immediate postoperative period, as well as the vital signs. Results: the F6B2 and F6B3 groups turned out to have greater anesthetic efficacy in the revision of paracolic slides (p = 0.02) and the F7B2 group had the highest safety with better hemodynamic control at 1 and 10 minutes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: changes in the administration of intrathecal multimodal anesthesia with fentanyl improved anesthetic efficacy, but decreased safety over hemodynamyc control.
RESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: El fentanilo ofrece buena eficacia anestésica, con menores efectos sobre el sistema nervioso simpático, al mantener un mejor estado hemodinámico, pero su efecto en combinación con otros anestésicos en embarazadas no está del todo descrito. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia anestésica y seguridad de la anestesia multimodal con fentanilo en mujeres embarazadas durante la cesárea. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego; en mujeres embarazadas programadas para cesárea, distribuidas en tres grupos: grupo FBMD: fentanilo 70 μg + bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.1%, 2 mg, + morfina 100 μg + dexmedetomidina 5 μg; grupo BFM: bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.25%, 5 mg, + fentanilo 25 μg + morfina 100 μg, y el grupo BM: bupivacaína hiperbárica 0.375%, 7.5 mg, + morfina 100 μg. Se evaluó la eficacia anestésica previo a la incisión, durante la disección de la pared abdominal, al ingreso a cavidad abdominal, en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas y en el postquirúrgico inmediato, así como, los signos vitales. Resultados: Se analizaron 180 mujeres. El grupo FBMD mostró mayor eficacia anestésica en la revisión de correderas parietocólicas (p = 0.01) y en el postquirúrgico inmediato (p = 0.0001), así como mayor seguridad con mejor control hemodinámico a los minutos uno y 10 (p = 0.02 y p = 0.03, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La anestesia multimodal con FBMD demuestra mejor eficacia anestésica y seguridad sobre el control hemodinámico.
Abstract: Introduction: Fentanyl offers good anesthetic efficacy and fewer effects on the sympathetic nervous system with better hemodynamic status, but its effect in combination with other anesthetics in pregnant women has not been fully described. Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy and safety of multimodal anesthesia with fentanyl in pregnant women undergoing caesarean section. Material and methods: Controlled, randomized, double blinded clinical trial; in pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section distributed in 3 groups: FBMD group: fentanyl 70 μg + hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.1%, 2 mg, + morphine 100 μg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg; BFM group: hyperbaric bupivaine 0.25%, 5 mg, + fentanyl 25 μg + morphine 100 μg, and group BM: hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.375%, 7.5 mg, + morphine 100 μg. The anesthetic efficacy was evaluated: prior to the incision, during the dissection of the abdominal wall, upon entry to the abdominal cavity, in the revision of parietocolic slides and in the immediate postoperative period, as well as the vital signs. Results: 180 women were analyzed. The FBMD group showed greater anesthetic efficacy in the revision of parietocolic slides (p = 0.01) and in the immediate postoperative period (p = 0.0001) and greater safety, showing better hemodynamic control at minutes 1 and 10 (p = 0.02 y p = 0.03 respectively). Conclusions: Multimodal anesthesia with FMBD shows better anesthetic efficacy and safety over hemodynamic control.
RESUMEN
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a public health problem that affect the quality of life and well-being of people, especially the youth, who have been identified as a high-risk population. Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for NCDs, and an unhealthy diet is a significant driver of NCDs. On the other hand, physical exercise and healthy habits are effective methods of prevention. Although there are scales that measure different behaviors related to NCDs, most of them have been developed in another language (e.g., English) or only focus on one aspect of NCDs. The present study aimed to develop a scale to assess healthy behaviors (i.e., healthy eating and physical exercise) in Spanish-speaking university students, using an instrumental design, with a sample of 369 Chilean university students between 18 and 25 years of age. The results presented show evidence of validity through an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM), reliability estimation through McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha, evidence of invariance by sex, and evidence of validity in relation to other variables with an SEM model. It is concluded that the Healthy Behavior Scale, consisting of nine items to measure healthy eating and physical exercise, is a brief instrument with evidence of reliability and validity (CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.995; and RMSEA = 0.063) for application in a Spanish-speaking university population, offering potential applications in research instruments, screening studies, and the development of new studies for other contexts.
Asunto(s)
Lenguaje , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Universidades , Psicometría/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , EstudiantesRESUMEN
Premorbid adjustment (PA) has classically been defined as psychosocial functioning in the areas of education, occupation, social and interpersonal relationships prior to evidence of characteristic positive symptomatology. It is a concept which possesses ample evidence regarding its predictive nature for the course of Schizophrenia. The study aimed to analyze the latent profiles of premorbid adjustment and their relationship with symptomatology, functionality, subjective recovery, stigma resistance and years of untreated psychosis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to elaborate a solution of three premorbid adjustment profiles in a sample of 217 patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia from Public Mental Health Centers in the city of Arica, Chile. The results show that premorbid adjustment was significantly correlated with recovery indicators and that latent profiles of better premorbid adjustment predict better outcomes in subjective recovery and stigma resistance. The results show that premorbid adjustment not only has implications for the severity of the disorder, but that psychosocial functioning prior to psychosis affects the patient's subjectivity, the representation of the disorder and the recovery process.
RESUMEN
The biomedical potential of the edible red seaweed Agarophyton chilense (formerly Gracilaria chilensis) has not been explored. Red seaweeds are enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids, which are known natural ligands of the PPARγ nuclear receptor. PPARγ is the molecular target of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), drugs used as insulin sensitizers to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medical use of TZDs is limited due to undesired side effects, a problem that has triggered the search for selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs) without the TZD side effects. We produced Agarophyton chilense oleoresin (Gracilex®), which induces PPARγ activation without inducing adipocyte differentiation, similar to SPPARMs. In a diet-induced obesity model of male mice, we showed that treatment with Gracilex® improves insulin sensitivity by normalizing altered glucose and insulin parameters. Gracilex® is enriched in palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, and lipophilic antioxidants such as tocopherols and ß-carotene. Accordingly, Gracilex® possesses antioxidant activity in vitro and increased antioxidant capacity in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans. These findings support the idea that Gracilex® represents a good source of natural PPARγ ligands and antioxidants with the potential to mitigate metabolic disorders. Thus, its nutraceutical value in humans warrants further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Gracilaria/química , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Caenorhabditis elegans , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of patient follicular environment with oxidative stress on oocyte quality. METHODS: Patients on fertility treatment with either advanced maternal age or endometriosis were asked to donate follicular fluid collected during ovum pick-up. Follicular fluid (FF) was added (20%, 10% and 5%; %V/V) to in vitro maturation (IVM) medium with mouse oocytes. Following maturation culture, the oocytes were assessed for meiosis reinitiation. In a second setup, coenzyme Q10 was added to culture medium with FF. In addition to assessing meiotic maturation, a subset of oocytes was assessed for spindle structure and chromosome alignment. RESULTS: Supplementation of IVM medium with FF of patients of advanced maternal age (with or without antioxidants) did not have an effect on the maturation capacity of mouse oocytes. However, the addition of FF of individuals with endometriosis (without antioxidants) in the two highest concentrations affected oocyte maturation (61.5% & 57.0% maturation) compared with the lowest concentration (89.2% maturation) (p<0.05). Supplementation of medium with coenzyme Q10 did not improve the maturation rate of oocytes exposed to the FF of individuals with endometriosis (28.5±13.7%) (p<0.05). Nevertheless, preliminary analysis of spindle abnormality and chromosome alignment revealed that oocytes resuming meiosis in the presence of FF of patients with endometriosis displayed aberrant spindle morphology and chromosomal misalignment. CONCLUSION: The follicular environment of patients with endometriosis severely affected oocyte (nuclear) maturation. In vitro maturation in the presence of coenzyme Q10 appears to be a tool for rescuing oocytes exposed to such follicular environment.
RESUMEN
PREMISE: The occurrence and amount of herbivory are shaped by bottom-up forces, primarily plant traits (e.g., defenses), and by abiotic factors. Addressing these concurrent effects in a spatial context has been useful in efforts to understand the mechanisms governing variation in plant-herbivore interactions. Still, few studies have evaluated the simultaneous influence of multiple sources of bottom-up variation on spatial variation in herbivory. METHODS: We tested to what extent chemical (phenolics, production of terpenoid glands) and physical (pubescence) defensive plant traits and climatic factors are associated with variation in herbivory by leaf-chewing insects across populations of wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). RESULTS: We found substantial population variation in cotton leaf defenses and insect leaf herbivory. Leaf pubescence, but not gossypol gland density or phenolic content, was significantly negatively associated with herbivory by leaf-chewing insects. In addition, there were direct effects of climate on defenses and herbivory, with leaf pubescence increasing toward drier conditions and leaf damage increasing toward wetter and cooler conditions. There was no evidence, however, of indirect effects (via plant defenses) of climate on herbivory. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that spatial variation in insect herbivory on wild G. hirsutum is predominantly driven by concurrent and independent influences of population variation in leaf pubescence and climatic factors.
Asunto(s)
Gossypium , Herbivoria , Animales , Clima , Insectos , Fenotipo , Hojas de la PlantaAsunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/tratamiento farmacológico , Antidrepanocíticos/uso terapéutico , Hidroxiurea/uso terapéutico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Anemia de Células Falciformes/complicaciones , Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Creación de Capacidad , Niño , República Dominicana/epidemiología , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Ultrasonografía Doppler TranscranealRESUMEN
Existe consenso global sobre las dos maneras de obtener la autorización de comercialización de medicamentos: mediante un expediente completo para productos pioneros y mediante un expediente abreviado para competidores. Los principios científicos de la vía abreviada para la aprobación de biosimilares están descritos en el manuscrito (pág. 42, párrafo tercero). También existe consenso en reconocer que la Administración de Medicamentos y Alimentos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés) y la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos (EMA, por sus siglas en inglés) aceptan, en circunstancias específicas, que los ensayos clínicos confirmatorios pueden no ser necesarios cuando la eficacia y la seguridad se deduzcan claramente de la similaridad entre las características fisicoquímicas, la actividad o potencia biológica y los perfiles farmacocinéticos (PC) o farmacodinámicos (PD) del producto biosimilar y el de referencia. Zuluaga y Rodríguez sostienen, de manera equivocada, que la ruta abreviada de la comparabilidad colombiana (RACC) exime al fabricante de realizar estudios PC/PD. La guía de inmunogenicidad colombiana establece: “En el caso de las proteínas terapéuticas competidoras se requiere que la similaridad de la eficacia y seguridad sean claramente deducidas desde las características fisicoquímicas, actividad biológica/potencia y los perfiles PC y/o PD del competidor y el producto de referencia…”. Colombia usa los mismos criterios que la FDA y la EMA para eximir los experimentos confirmatorios con seres humanos, pero propone una innovación regulatoria pues presenta estas exenciones como una tercera vía explícita (la RACC)...
Asunto(s)
Control de Medicamentos y NarcóticosRESUMEN
Plants have the largest number of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) (15-42 kDa) among eukaryotes, but little is known about their function in vivo. They accumulate in response to different stresses, and specific sHsps are also expressed during developmental processes such as seed development, germination, and ripening. The presence of organelle-specific sHsps appears to be unique to plants. The sHsps expression is regulated by heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs). In this work, it was explored the role of sHsps in the chilling injury of tomato fruit. The level of transcripts and proteins of cytoplasmic and organellar sHsps was monitored in fruit during ripening and after cold storage (4 weeks at 4°C). Expression of HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfA3, and HsfB1 was also examined. Two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contrasting in chilling tolerance were assayed: Micro-Tom (chilling-tolerant) and Minitomato (chilling-sensitive). Results showed that sHsps were induced during ripening in fruit from both cultivars. However, sHsps were induced in Micro-Tom fruit but not in Minitomato fruit after storage at a low temperature. In particular, sHsp 17.4-CII and sHsp23.8-M transcripts strongly accumulated in Micro-Tom fruit and HsfA3 transcript diminished after cold storage. These data suggest that sHsps may be involved in the protection mechanisms against chilling stress and substantiate the hypothesis that sHsps may participate in the mechanism of tomato genotype chilling tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Frutas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Choque Térmico Pequeñas/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Frío , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Frutas/fisiología , Genotipo , Germinación , Factores de Transcripción del Choque Térmico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico Pequeñas/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiología , Especificidad de Órganos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/genética , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Con el objetivo de evaluar el desarrollo del control del estímulo, seis ratas fueron expuestas a un programa de reforzamiento definido temporalmente (T = 60-s, = 0.5) en el que los subciclos tD y tΔ se correlacionaron con diferentes estímulos auditivos y probabilidades de reforzamiento de 1 y 0, respectivamente. Para tres ratas el subciclo tD siempre fue seguido del subciclo tΔ, mientras que para las ratas restantes ambos subciclos se presentaron de manera aleatoria (p = .5) dentro de la sesión. Al final del experimento, las frecuencias de respuesta de presión de la palanca fueron más altas durante tD y en presencia del estímulo que señaló dicho subciclo, que durante tΔ en todas las ratas. Los resultados indican que la disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento de los programas definidos temporalmente no impide el control del estímulo, así como que dicho control se desarrolla sin patrones conductuales derivados de la regularidad secuencial entre los subciclos. Adicionalmente, los resultados cuestionan el posible desarrollo de una función de reforzador condicionado por parte del estímulo en el subciclo tΔ.
In order to evaluate the development of stimulus control, six rats were exposed to a temporally defined reinforcement schedule (T = 60-s, = 0.5) in which tD and tΔ were correlated with different auditory stimuli and with reinforcement probabilities of 1 and 0, respectively. For three rats, tD subcycle always was followed by tΔ subcycle, while for the remaining rats both subcycles were presented randomly (p = .5) within the session. At the end of the experiment, lever-pressing response frequencies were higher during tD and in the presence of the stimulus that signaled such subcycle than during tΔ subcycle for all rats. Results indicate that the limited-hold reinforcement in temporally defined schedules does not necessarily prevent stimulus control, and that such control develops without any behavioral pattern derived from sequential regularity between subcycles. Additionally, results call in to question the possible development of a conditioned reinforcement function by the stimulus in tΔ subcycle.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento do controle do estímulo, seis ratos foram expostos a um programa de reforço definido temporalmente (T = 60-s, = 0.5) no qual os subciclos tD e tΔ se correlacionaram com diferentes estímulos auditivos e probabilidades de reforço de 1 e 0, respectivamente. Para três ratos, o subciclo tD sempre foi seguido do subciclo tΔ, enquanto, para os ratos restantes, ambos os subciclos foram apresentados de maneira aleatória (p = ,5) dentro da sessão. Ao final da experiência, as frequências de resposta de pressão da alavanca foram mais altas durante tD e em presença do estímulo que sinalizou esse subciclo do que durante tΔ em todos os ratos. Os resultados indicam que a disponibilidade limitada de reforço dos programas definidos temporalmente não impede o controle do estímulo, da mesma forma que esse controle se desenvolve sem padrões comportamentais derivados da regularidade sequencial entre os subciclos. Além disso, os resultados questionam o possível desenvolvimento de uma função de reforçador condicionado por parte do estímulo no subciclo tΔ.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Conducta AnimalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tomato fruit is of prime importance owing to its qualities for human nutrition and its economic value. In order to extend its commercial life, it is harvested at mature but unripe stages and stored at low temperatures. The goal of this work was to study the influence of harvest and chilling storage of mature green tomato fruit (cv. Micro-Tom) on the protein pattern, amino acid content and protease activity during fruit ripening. RESULTS: Fruits were sampled during ripening in three different conditions: 1, on the vine; 2, off the vine; 3, off the vine after 4 weeks at 4 °C. During all fruit ripening conditions, protein level decreased while amino acid content increased. Chilling storage of mature green fruit led to a reduction in protein content. Ripening off the vine (conditions 2 and 3) resulted in a threefold increase in red fruit amino acid levels when compared with red fruit on the vine. Protease activities (autoproteolytic, azocaseinolytic and gelatinolytic) were detected in all fruits evaluated and were differently affected by ripening stage, ripening conditions and the presence of specific inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Harvest and chilling storage increased endogenous substrate proteolysis, azocaseinolytic activity and free amino acid levels, which could be related to fruit quality.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Frío , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Frutas/metabolismo , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Dieta , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Solanum lycopersicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteolisis , RefrigeraciónRESUMEN
El rabdomiosarcoma embrionario es un tumor altamente maligno, más frecuente en niños, que requiere un diagnóstico temprano para un mejor pronóstico de sobrevida. La presentación en el oído medio y mastoides es rara (8 por ciento), el tipo histológico más frecuente es el embrionario. La terapia multimodal con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia se realiza actualmente con mejor pronóstico en sobrevida a tres años, pero sigue siendo un tumor altamente agresivo con extensión a meninges y pulmón. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 6 años de edad, sexo femenino con diagnóstico de rabdomiosarcoma de oído medio mastoides con extensión parameníngea a quien realizó quimioterapia con respuesta adecuada. Por ser una patología muy poco frecuente queremos publicar este caso y realizar con una revisión de la literatura.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias del Oído , Parálisis Facial , Oído Medio/lesiones , Rabdomiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Oncología Médica , Otolaringología , VenezuelaRESUMEN
La displasia fibrosa es una alteración ósea con transformación del tejido sano por otro fibro-óseo desestructurado, de etiología desconocida y puede asociarse a varios síndromes, entre ellos el síndrome de Albright (sólo en casos de displasia poliostótica). Presentamos un caso de displasia fibrosa monostótica localizada en el seno frontal, etmoidal y esfenoidal derechos. Por las características de este caso en particular queremos publicarlo y realizar una revisión de la literatura.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Displasia Fibrosa Monostótica , Senos Paranasales , Otolaringología , VenezuelaRESUMEN
La colitis en pediatría, constituye una patología relativamente frecuente, en nuestro país existen pocos datos publicados respecto a su etiología y comportamiento en el tiempo. Evaluar casos de colitis de primera aparición, correlacionando características, endoscópicas, e histológicas con su etiología. Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, en niños, que ameritaron realización de endoscopia digestiva inferior con diagnósticos de colitis. Se incluyeron 38 niños entre 1 mes y 13 años, no hubo diferencias en cuanto a sexo y predominó el grupo de los lactantes. El síntoma más común fue evacuaciones con moco y sangre (84,21 por ciento). Predominó el dx. Endoscópico de colitis reactiva inespecífica. La etiología mas frecuente fue de origen alérgico (72,2 por ciento), predominando en niñas. Los gérmenes implicados en las colitis infecciosas fueron Salmonella, Shigella, C. yeyuni más E. Histolítica, y Tricocefalos. El tratamiento fue básicamente dieta de exclusiòn. La evolución fue hacia la mejoría en casi todos los casos. Se observó persistencia de los síntomas en 5,26 por ciento por no cumplir la dieta. En el 5,26 por ciento se observaron recaídas (ameritando el uso de esteroides y/o sulfasalizine) lo cuál nos alerta en el seguimiento de estos casos y su posible evolución a Enfermedad Inflamatoria intestinal. No observamos diferencias significativas entre sexo y hallazgos endoscópicos, histológicos o la etiología. Se evidenció que existe relación significativa entre etiología y hallazgos histológicos y no existe relación entre hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos ni entre hallazgos endoscópicos y etiología.
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Niño , Colitis/complicaciones , Colitis/patología , Hipersensibilidad , Parasitosis Intestinales , Gastroenterología , Pediatría , VenezuelaRESUMEN
Recently, we have described the antidyskinetic property of the GABA mimetic drug valproic acid on reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia, an animal model that has been related to tardive as well as acute dyskinesias, which are associated with important neuropathologies. The present study investigates the effects of different doses of the GABA mimetic anticonvulsant topiramate on the manifestation of reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia. Female EPM-M1 mice received two injections of control solution or of 0.5 mg/kg reserpine separated by 48 h. Twenty-four hours after the second reserpine or control solution injection, animals were acutely treated with control solution or topiramate (1, 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) and were observed for quantification of oral dyskinesia or general activity in an open-field. In order to verify the effects of topiramate per se on oral dyskinesia or general activity, female EPM-M1 mice were acutely treated with control solution or 1, 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg topiramate and observed for quantification of oral dyskinesia and general activity. The highest dose of topiramate completely abolished the manifestation of reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia whereas the doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated it. None of the doses of the anticonvulsant modified spontaneous locomotion frequency or oral movements, whereas spontaneous rearing frequency was decreased by 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg topiramate. The highest dose of topiramate did not modify general activity in reserpine-treated mice. These results support the potential therapeutic use of topiramate in the treatment of oral dyskinesias.