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OBJECTIVE: Past studies have demonstrated that women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of gynecological conditions than do women without it. We aimed to characterize the gynecological histories of Hispanic Women living in Puerto Rico with IBD. METHODS: We identified women, aged 21 to 55 years, with a confirmed IBD diagnosis and receiving follow-up care from the University of Puerto Rico IBD clinics from 2017 through 2020. A questionnaire was administered to acquire sociodemographics, family history, past medical history, IBD diagnosis, and gynecologic aspects. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-six women were recruited. Fifty-three (28%) patients had ulcerative colitis, while 133 (72%) had Crohn's disease. Fifty-six percent of all the participants had a chronic illness in addition to than their IBD. Seventy-four out of 186 patients reported having had at least 1 late period within the last 12 months. Fifty-three (28%) described their period patterns as irregular. Thirty-nine (21%) of the patients reported having been vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), and 8 (4%) had been infected by it. Nine out of 186 (5%) patients reported suffering from infertility. CONCLUSION: The results showed that our Hispanic patients (living in Puerto Rico) had a prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles that was similar to that observed in other populations. On the other hand, the presence of HPV, infertility, and cervical cancer were lower and the frequency of Papanicolaou smears performed higher than what has been seen in the continental United States, suggesting that this topic should be investigated in future studies.

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Management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often relies on biological and immunomodulatory agents for remission through immunosuppression, raising concerns regarding the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine's effectiveness. The emergent variants have hindered the vaccine neutralization capacity, and whether the third vaccine dose can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants in this population remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the humoral response of SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with IBD 60 days after the third vaccine dose [BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna)]. Fifty-six subjects with IBD and 12 healthy subjects were recruited. Ninety percent of patients with IBD (49/56) received biologics and/or immunomodulatory therapy. Twenty-four subjects with IBD did not develop effective neutralizing capability against the Omicron variant. Seventy percent (17/24) of those subjects received anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy [10 = adalimumab, 7 = infliximab], two of which had a history of COVID-19 infection, and one subject did not develop immune neutralization against three other variants: Gamma, Epsilon, and Kappa. All subjects in the control group developed detectable antibodies and effective neutralization against all seven SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our study shows that patients with IBD might not be protected against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and more extensive studies are needed to evaluate optimal immunity.

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BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition for a reciprocal, bidirectional link between anxiety disorders and obesity. Although the mechanisms linking obesity and anxiety remain speculative, this bidirectionality suggests shared pathophysiological processes. Neuroinflammation and oxidative damage are implicated in both pathological anxiety and obesity. This study investigates the relative contribution of comorbid diet-induced obesity and stress-induced anxiety to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS: Thirty-six (36) male Lewis rats were divided into four groups based on diet type and stress exposure: 1) control diet unexposed (CDU) and 2) exposed (CDE), 3) Western-like high-saturated fat diet unexposed (WDU) and 4) exposed (WDE). Neurobehavioral tests were performed to assess anxiety-like behaviors. The catalytic concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and reductase were measured from plasma samples, and neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress biomarkers were measured from brain samples using Western blot. Correlations between behavioral phenotypes and biomarkers were assessed with Pearson's correlation procedures. RESULTS: We found that WDE rats exhibited markedly increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (185 %), catalase protein (215 %), and glutathione reductase (GSHR) enzymatic activity (418 %) relative to CDU rats. Interestingly, the brain protein levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were positively associated with body weight and behavioral indices of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results support a role for neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in heightened emotional reactivity to obesogenic environments and psychogenic stress. Uncovering adaptive responses to obesogenic environments characterized by high access to high-saturated fat/high-sugar diets and toxic stress has the potential to strongly impact how we treat psychiatric disorders in at-risk populations.

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El síndrome de Waugh es una patología del neonato caracterizado por la asociación de una malrotación intestinal a una intususcepción. Existen pocos casos documentados en la literatura, lo que conlleva una baja incidencia. Presentamos el caso de un neonato femenino de 4 meses de edad quien fue llevada a tratamiento quirúrgico con oclusión intestinal y evolución posoperatoria favorable. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el caso de un síndrome de Waugh en un lactante en cuyo cuadro se debe mantener una alta sospecha diagnostica, apoyándose con la toma de estudios de imagen complementarios ante un cuadro de dolor abdominal en pacientes lactantes cuya resolución diagnostica siempre resulta un reto para el médico. Si bien estas acciones podrán en un futuro reflejar un aumento en la incidencia de este síndrome, también es posible que el manejo de dicho síndrome se optimice. Paciente femenina de 4 meses de edad la cual fue sometida a tres intentos de desinvaginación hidrostática antes de pasar a laparotomía exploradora para corrección definitiva de su patología. La asociación de invaginación con mal rotación intestinal actualmente es subdiagnósticada, debido a la tendencia conservadora actual. Es importante realizar más estudios de imagen antes de iniciar con cualquier estrategia terapéutica, para no retrasar el manejo quirúrgico definitivo que este requiere. De esta manera se podrá ganar en la calidad de los pronósticos de los pacientes(AU)

Waugh's syndrome is a neonatal pathology characterized by the association of intestinal malrotation and intussusception. There is a low number of cases documented in literature, which implies low incidence. Here is a 4 months-old female neonate who was surgically treated because of intestinal occlusion, and her postoperative recovery was favorable. The objective was to present a Waugh's syndrome case in a newborn in which high diagnostic suspicion is important, supported by complementary imaging studies when we face abdominal pain in neonates whose diagnostic resolution is always a challenge to the physician. These actions may show an increase in the incidence of this syndrome in the future; it is also possible that the management of this disease be optimized. Hydrostatic disinvagination was performed three times in this patient before undergoing exploratory laparotomy for final correction of her pathology. The association of invagination and intestinal malrotation is poorly diagnosed at present, due to current conservative tendencies. However, it is important to perform more imaging studies before adopting any therapeutic strategy to avoid delays in the definitive surgical management of this disease(AU)

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Los Schwannomas son tumores de origen neural, corresponden al 1 por ciento de los tumores de retroperitoneo. En la mayoría de las ocasiones, son tumores de comportamiento benigno, encontrando que solo del 5 - 18 por ciento son malignos y aún menos frecuente es que sean de alto grado en su histología. Se trata de una paciente de 46 años de edad sin antecedentes crónico degenerativos. Con diagnóstico conocido de neurofibromatosis tipo I. Inició su padecimiento actual tres años previos a su ingreso en 2013, al presentar artralgia de rodilla derecha la cual se asocia a mialgias de forma ipsilateral. Se le solicitó como apoyo diagnostico una resonancia magnética de columna dorsal y lumbar, en la que se reporta una tumoración en la región del retroperitoneo de lado derecho con medidas de 10 x 17 cm con aparente origen espinal en L2 y L3. A pesar de ser masas de origen neural benignas la mayoría de las veces, no es infrecuente su malignización encontrando una cavidad con estructuras vecinas tomada por el tumor. En estos casos, es de vital importancia el manejo preoperatorio de manera multidisciplinaria tanto en la preparación preoperatoria, así como durante el procedimiento quirúrgico(AU)

Schwannomas are tumors of neural origin and account for 1 percent of retroperitoneal tumors. In many times, they are benign tumors and just 5 to 8 percent are malignant; high degree is even less frequent in its histology. This is a male patient aged 46 years with no history of chronic degenerative problems and diagnosis of type I neurofibromatosis. The disease appeared three years before his admission to hospital in 2013 because of right knee arthralgia associated to myalgias on the same side. Diagnostic support was requested in terms of performance of magnetic resonance of dorsal and lumbar spine; this test reported the presence of a tumor in the right side of the retroperitoneal region, it measured 10 x 17 cm with apparent spinal origin in L2 and L3. Although they are often masses of benign neural origin, their malignization is not rare. There was a cavity with adjoining structures affected by the tumor. In this type of cases, the preoperative management with multidisciplinary involvement both in the preoperative preparation and during the surgical procedure is of vital importance(AU)

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RESUMEN El síndrome de Waugh es una patología del neonato caracterizado por la asociación de una malrotación intestinal a una intususcepción. Existen pocos casos documentados en la literatura, lo que conlleva una baja incidencia. Presentamos el caso de un neonato femenino de 4 meses de edad quien fue llevada a tratamiento quirúrgico con oclusión intestinal y evolución posoperatoria favorable. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el caso de un síndrome de Waugh en un lactante en cuyo cuadro se debe mantener una alta sospecha diagnostica, apoyándose con la toma de estudios de imagen complementarios ante un cuadro de dolor abdominal en pacientes lactantes cuya resolución diagnostica siempre resulta un reto para el médico. Si bien estas acciones podrán en un futuro reflejar un aumento en la incidencia de este síndrome, también es posible que el manejo de dicho síndrome se optimice. Paciente femenina de 4 meses de edad la cual fue sometida a tres intentos de desinvaginación hidrostática antes de pasar a laparotomía exploradora para corrección definitiva de su patología. La asociación de invaginación con mal rotación intestinal actualmente es subdiagnósticada, debido a la tendencia conservadora actual. Es importante realizar más estudios de imagen antes de iniciar con cualquier estrategia terapéutica, para no retrasar el manejo quirúrgico definitivo que este requiere. De esta manera se podrá ganar en la calidad de los pronósticos de los pacientes(AU)

ABSTRACT Waugh's syndrome is a neonatal pathology characterized by the association of intestinal malrotation and intussusception. There is a low number of cases documented in literature, which implies low incidence. Here is a 4 months-old female neonate who was surgically treated because of intestinal occlusion, and her postoperative recovery was favorable. The objective was to present a Waugh's syndrome case in a newborn in which high diagnostic suspicion is important, supported by complementary imaging studies when we face abdominal pain in neonates whose diagnostic resolution is always a challenge to the physician. These actions may show an increase in the incidence of this syndrome in the future; it is also possible that the management of this disease be optimized. Hydrostatic disinvagination was performed three times in this patient before undergoing exploratory laparotomy for final correction of her pathology. The association of invagination and intestinal malrotation is poorly diagnosed at present, due to current conservative tendencies. However, it is important to perform more imaging studies before adopting any therapeutic strategy to avoid delays in the definitive surgical management of this disease(AU)

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RESUMEN

RESUMEN Los Schwannomas son tumores de origen neural, corresponden al 1 por ciento de los tumores de retroperitoneo. En la mayoría de las ocasiones, son tumores de comportamiento benigno, encontrando que solo del 5 - 18 por ciento son malignos y aún menos frecuente es que sean de alto grado en su histología. Se trata de una paciente de 46 años de edad sin antecedentes crónico degenerativos. Con diagnóstico conocido de neurofibromatosis tipo I. Inició su padecimiento actual tres años previos a su ingreso en 2013, al presentar artralgia de rodilla derecha la cual se asocia a mialgias de forma ipsilateral. Se le solicitó como apoyo diagnostico una resonancia magnética de columna dorsal y lumbar, en la que se reporta una tumoración en la región del retroperitoneo de lado derecho con medidas de 10 x 17 cm con aparente origen espinal en L2 y L3. A pesar de ser masas de origen neural benignas la mayoría de las veces, no es infrecuente su malignización encontrando una cavidad con estructuras vecinas tomada por el tumor. En estos casos, es de vital importancia el manejo preoperatorio de manera multidisciplinaria tanto en la preparación preoperatoria, así como durante el procedimiento quirúrgico(AU)

ABSTRACT Schwannomas are tumors of neural origin and account for 1 percent of retroperitoneal tumors. In many times, they are benign tumors and just 5 to 8 percent are malignant; high degree is even less frequent in its histology. This is a male patient aged 46 years with no history of chronic degenerative problems and diagnosis of type I neurofibromatosis. The disease appeared three years before his admission to hospital in 2013 because of right knee arthralgia associated to myalgias on the same side. Diagnostic support was requested in terms of performance of magnetic resonance of dorsal and lumbar spine; this test reported the presence of a tumor in the right side of the retroperitoneal region, it measured 10 x 17 cm with apparent spinal origin in L2 and L3. Although they are often masses of benign neural origin, their malignization is not rare. There was a cavity with adjoining structures affected by the tumor. In this type of cases, the preoperative management with multidisciplinary involvement both in the preoperative preparation and during the surgical procedure is of vital importance(AU)

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