RESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to substantiate and present the new approach to the rehabilitation of the children with cochlear implants (CI), the so-called ZP-rehabilitation, with special reference to its principal systemic differences from the 'hearing-speech' rehabilitation. The new method was tested in the course of rehabilitation of 90 deaf and dumb children having cochlear implants since the early and preschool age with the participation of 152 members of their families. As a result of the rehabilitative treatment, all the children included in the study were put on the way of the natural (normal) development of the auditory perception, communication, and speech while all the adults could communicate with the children on the natural sensory basis. It is concluded that the ZP-rehabilitation enables the child with a cochlear implant to embark on the path of the natural (normal) development and to pass (on the new natural sensory basis) through those early stages of ontogenesis that the deaf and dumb child and his relatives had gone through during the preceding period; moreover it helps to rearrange the relations between the child and his family on this new sensory basis.
Asunto(s)
Implantación Coclear , Trastornos de la Comunicación/prevención & control , Corrección de Deficiencia Auditiva/métodos , Pérdida Auditiva , Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil , Preescolar , Implantación Coclear/instrumentación , Implantación Coclear/métodos , Implantación Coclear/rehabilitación , Implantes Cocleares , Trastornos de la Comunicación/etiología , Trastornos de la Comunicación/psicología , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Pérdida Auditiva/cirugía , Pruebas Auditivas/métodos , Humanos , Desarrollo del Lenguaje , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to consider the key issue of the method of successful pedagogical rehabilitation of the children after cochlear implantation (CI) developed at the Institute of Special Education, i.e. what should be considered the «initial point¼ of new auditory abilities for a child carrying a cochlear implant. It was shown that the definition of the «initial point¼ depends on the understanding of early auditory ontogenesis, success of implantation surgery, accurate connection of the speech-processor and its correct initial adjustment. However, the analysis of the practical experience demonstrated that the majority of the children are unable to benefit from the new opportunities on their own. They need a special support by the teacher of the deaf and the family members for «launching¼ the new auditory abilities. Both the content and the effectiveness of this work depend on the understanding of early auditory ontogenesis and the skills of the teacher of the deaf. A new approach to the rehabilitation of the children with cochlear implants is proposed based on the interpretation of early auditory ontogenesis in the context of the formation and complication of the emotional communication of a child with the adult relatives. In the frame of the proposed approach to the rehabilitation of the children with cochlear implants, the «initial point¼ of new auditory abilities is the initiation of an emotional dialogue with the adult relatives on a new sensory basis. This «initial point¼ is common for different groups of children with an exclusion of deaf children with cochlear implants retaining the ability for the emotional communication with the relatives. In such children, the «initial point¼ is the point of ontogenesis at which the communication with the environment on the comprehensive sensory foundation was interrupted.
Asunto(s)
Implantación Coclear/rehabilitación , Corrección de Deficiencia Auditiva , Intervención Educativa Precoz/métodos , Pérdida Auditiva , Desarrollo Infantil , Preescolar , Implantación Coclear/métodos , Corrección de Deficiencia Auditiva/métodos , Corrección de Deficiencia Auditiva/psicología , Pérdida Auditiva/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Pérdida Auditiva/cirugía , Humanos , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Federación de Rusia , Patología del Habla y Lenguaje/métodosRESUMEN
The objective of the present publication was to demonstrate changes in the socio-psychological status of the children with cochlear implants in the course of postoperative psycho-pedagogical rehabilitation. Another objective was to draw attention to the necessity of the acquisition of the new professional skills by the teachers of the deaf and hard of hearing subjects, speech and language pathologists. Special attention is given to the substantiation of dynamic psycho-pedagogical classification of the children with a cochlear implant that should reflect the process of professional reorientation of the aforementioned specialists in the course of rehabilitation of their patients.
Asunto(s)
Implantación Coclear , Educación de Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva , Pérdida Auditiva , Adaptación Psicológica , Niño , Implantación Coclear/psicología , Implantación Coclear/rehabilitación , Educación de Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva/métodos , Educación de Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva/normas , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Pérdida Auditiva/cirugía , Humanos , Evaluación de NecesidadesRESUMEN
We studied the effect of acute (single immobilization for 1 h) and repeated (daily immobilization for 1 min, 5 days) moderate stress on disturbances in contractility of mesenteric lymphatic vessels in rats with experimental peritonitis. Acute stress was shown to potentiate, while moderate repeated stress attenuate the effect of inflammatory stimulus. It can be hypothesized that moderate repeated stress improves adaptive capacities of the organism, which manifests in reduction or prevention of dysfunction in contractile activity of lymphatic vessels.
Asunto(s)
Inflamación/fisiopatología , Vasos Linfáticos/fisiología , Mesenterio/irrigación sanguínea , Restricción Física/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiología , Animales , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratas , Tioglicolatos/toxicidadRESUMEN
PGP peptide had a protective effect in contractile dysfunction of the rat mesenteric lymph vessels under conditions of inflammation, irrespective of the time of its injection (before or after inflammatory agent). The preventive effect of this peptide is largely determined by its capacity to prevent mast cells activation. PGP injected 2 h after induction of inflammation did not inhibit secretory activity of mast cells, which suggests other mechanisms of its therapeutic action.
Asunto(s)
Mesenterio/irrigación sanguínea , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Peritonitis/fisiopatología , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Animales , Vasos Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Vasos Linfáticos/fisiología , Masculino , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mastocitos/fisiología , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Peritonitis/inducido químicamente , Prolina/farmacología , Ratas , TioglicolatosRESUMEN
The development of acute peritonitis in rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate was accompanied by a decrease in contractile function of mesenteric lymphatic vessels and impaired response to norepinephrine. Administration of proline-containing peptides after induction of inflammation significantly decreased the severity of these disorders. Our results attest to the possibility of using peptides for the correction of mesenteric microcirculatory disturbances during inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Vasos Linfáticos/fisiopatología , Mesenterio/irrigación sanguínea , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Prolina/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Protectoras/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Cinética , Mesenterio/fisiopatología , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Peritonitis/inducido químicamente , Peritonitis/patología , Prolina/administración & dosificación , Prolina/química , Sustancias Protectoras/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Tioglicolatos/toxicidadRESUMEN
Intraperitoneal injection of cholecystokinin-4 in a dose of 100 mg/kg markedly increased secretory activity of mast cells in the mesentery and subcutaneous fat. These changes developed 5 min after treatment and progressed in time. Over the first 15 min we observed primarily merocrine secretion (granulolysis), while 60 min after cholecystokinin-4 administration apocrine secretion (degranulation) prevailed. In vitro cholecystokinin-4 had no effect on secretory activity of mast cells. Our findings suggest that stimulation of secretory activity of mast cells is determined by psychoemotional stress associated with activation of the sympathoadrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems.