RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether skin color classification as White, Mulatto, and Black is associated with abdominal fat location among healthy Brazilian men. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of men aged 20-59 years attending the Cuiabá Blood Center during August 1999 to January 2000. Skin color was defined by interviewer judgment. Body fat was estimated through electrical bioimpedance, and anthropometric measures were obtained by trained antropometrists. SETTING: Cuiabá, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Data refer to 1235 healthy men. Only 29 men refused to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS: No differences were seen in body mass index according to race, but fat location was statistically smaller among Blacks and Mulattos compared to Whites, mainly among the middle aged. After adjustment for age, percent body fat, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, income, and schooling, Blacks compared to Whites had smaller waist (approximately equal 2 cm) and smaller WHR (P < .01 for waist for both age groups and P = .05 for WHR). Mulattos were in an intermediate position, but the association was statistically significant only among middle-aged men. CONCLUSIONS: In this healthy population with high admixture of Blacks and Whites, abdominal adiposity was highly associated with race, and Whites had a greater risk of abdominal fat location.
Asunto(s)
Grasa Abdominal/metabolismo , Negro o Afroamericano , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Población Blanca , Tejido Adiposo , Adulto , Antropometría , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/etnología , Estudios Transversales , Indicadores de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Estado de Salud , Adulto , Antropometría , Brasil , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relación Cintura-CaderaRESUMEN
The present study was designed to determine variations in blood lead levels during pregnancy and the influence of physiological anemia during this period on these findings. An exploratory study was made of a cohort of 38 pregnant women whose blood was tested for lead level and erythrocyte counts at different stages of pregnancy. The values obtained for lead were adjusted to take account of the erythrocyte count values, in order to control the influence of pregnancy-related physiological anemia on blood lead levels. A statistically significant increase in blood lead levels at a 5% level was observed between the first and third trimester. The median blood lead levels for the first, second and third trimester were 5.1 microg/dl, 5.9 microg/dl, and 8.25 microg/dl, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis=11.9, P<0.002). Statistical significance was also shown for raw data, when blood lead levels were not adjusted to erythrocyte count values. The median blood lead levels observed in this latter situation were 5.55 microg/dl, 5.65 microg/dl and 7.3 microg/dl, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis=8.3, P<0.02). It is concluded that there was a significant increase in blood lead concentration during pregnancy in this group of women.