RESUMEN
The identification and management of interfering maxillary sinus septa is essential to anticipate and prevent membrane perforation and other complications during sinus grafting. A computer-guided sinus approach based on a new magnetic stackable surgical guide was planned, to transfer the exact position of the septum and optimize the positioning of the lateral access windows. This technique reduces the risk of sinus membrane injury, thereby increasing the safety and efficacy of the procedure.
Asunto(s)
Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar , Humanos , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Maxilar/cirugíaRESUMEN
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suplementação do composto antioxidante comercial EconomasE (Alltech, Brasil ( AOX) sobre o equilíbrio acidobásico, os parâmetros urinários, o hemograma completo e a fragilidade osmótica de eritrócitos (FOE) de gatos estressados. Foram utilizados 24 gatos adultos (3,49±0,87kg), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro níveis (0, 250, 500, 750mg de AOX/kg de alimento na matéria seca) e seis repetições, durante o período de 80 dias. Os gatos foram induzidos ao estresse por meio da presença de cães próximo ao recinto experimental (agente estressor; AE), do 61º dia até o final do experimento. A pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2) e o bicarbonato (HCO3 -) aumentaram linearmente (P<0,05) conforme o aumento da ingestão de AOX. Os maiores valores de dióxido de carbono total (tCO2) (P<0,05) foram observados nos gatos alimentados com 500 e 750mg de AOX/kg de dieta. As concentrações de hemoglobina foram maiores nos animais alimentados com 250 e 500mg de AOX/kg de dieta. Os parâmetros urinários e da FOE foram semelhantes nos gatos em todas as dietas. Esses dados indicam que a suplementação com AOX apresenta efeitos benéficos no equilíbrio acidobásico e na concentração de hemoglobina de gatos induzidos ao estresse.(AU)
This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of a commercial antioxidant EconomasE (Alltech, Brazil - AOX) on the acid-base balance, urinary parameters, red blood count (RBC) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) of stressed cats. Twenty-four adult cats (3.49±0.87kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels (0, 250, 500, 750mg AOX/kg feed dry matter) and six replicates for a period of 80 days. Cats were induced to stress through the presence of dogs in the experimental environment (stressor agent; AE) from the 61th day to the end. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3) increased linearly (P<0.05) with increased intake of AOX. The highest values of total carbon dioxide (tCO2) (P<0.05) were observed in cats fed the 500 and 750mg AOX/kg diet. Hemoglobin concentration was higher (P<0.05) in animals fed the 250 and 500mg AOX/kg diet. The urinary parameters and EOF were similar among all diets. These data indicate that AOX supplementation has beneficial effects in acid-base balance and hemoglobin concentration of stress-induced cats.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Equilibrio Ácido-Base , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre/veterinaria , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Algas Marinas , Selenio , Orina/químicaRESUMEN
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suplementação do composto antioxidante comercial EconomasE (Alltech, Brasil ( AOX) sobre o equilíbrio acidobásico, os parâmetros urinários, o hemograma completo e a fragilidade osmótica de eritrócitos (FOE) de gatos estressados. Foram utilizados 24 gatos adultos (3,49±0,87kg), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro níveis (0, 250, 500, 750mg de AOX/kg de alimento na matéria seca) e seis repetições, durante o período de 80 dias. Os gatos foram induzidos ao estresse por meio da presença de cães próximo ao recinto experimental (agente estressor; AE), do 61º dia até o final do experimento. A pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2) e o bicarbonato (HCO3 -) aumentaram linearmente (P<0,05) conforme o aumento da ingestão de AOX. Os maiores valores de dióxido de carbono total (tCO2) (P<0,05) foram observados nos gatos alimentados com 500 e 750mg de AOX/kg de dieta. As concentrações de hemoglobina foram maiores nos animais alimentados com 250 e 500mg de AOX/kg de dieta. Os parâmetros urinários e da FOE foram semelhantes nos gatos em todas as dietas. Esses dados indicam que a suplementação com AOX apresenta efeitos benéficos no equilíbrio acidobásico e na concentração de hemoglobina de gatos induzidos ao estresse.(AU)
This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of a commercial antioxidant EconomasE (Alltech, Brazil - AOX) on the acid-base balance, urinary parameters, red blood count (RBC) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) of stressed cats. Twenty-four adult cats (3.49±0.87kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels (0, 250, 500, 750mg AOX/kg feed dry matter) and six replicates for a period of 80 days. Cats were induced to stress through the presence of dogs in the experimental environment (stressor agent; AE) from the 61th day to the end. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3) increased linearly (P<0.05) with increased intake of AOX. The highest values of total carbon dioxide (tCO2) (P<0.05) were observed in cats fed the 500 and 750mg AOX/kg diet. Hemoglobin concentration was higher (P<0.05) in animals fed the 250 and 500mg AOX/kg diet. The urinary parameters and EOF were similar among all diets. These data indicate that AOX supplementation has beneficial effects in acid-base balance and hemoglobin concentration of stress-induced cats.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Equilibrio Ácido-Base , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Selenio , Algas Marinas , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre/veterinaria , Orina/químicaRESUMEN
The relationship between type 2 diabetes oral physiology, nutritional intake and quality of life has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the impact of type 2 diabetes - exclusive or associated with hypertension with beta-blockers treatment - on oral physiology, mastication, nutrition and quality of life. This cross-sectional study was performed with 78 complete dentate subjects (15 natural teeth and six masticatory units minimum; without removable or fixed prostheses), divided into three groups: diabetics (DM) (n = 20; 45·4 ± 9·5 years), diabetics with hypertension and receiving beta-blockers treatment (DMH) (n = 19; 41·1 ± 5·1 years) and controls (n = 39; 44·5 ± 11·7 years) matched for gender, age and socioeconomic status. Blood glucose, masticatory performance, swallowing threshold, taste, food intake, stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity of saliva were assessed. Glycemia was higher in DM than in controls (P < 0·01). No differences were observed between DM and controls for nutrition and quality of life. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were lower in DMH (P < 0·01), which also presented the lowest number of teeth and masticatory units (P < 0·0001), and reduction in the number of chewing cycles (P < 0·01). Controls showed lower Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index (DMFT) scores in comparison with DMH (P = 0·021). Masticatory performance and saliva buffering capacity were similar among groups. Exclusive type 2 diabetes did not alter oral physiology, nutrition or quality of life. However, when hypertension and beta-blockers treatment were associated with diabetes, the salivary flow rate, chewing cycles and number of teeth decreased.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/fisiopatología , Masticación/fisiología , Calidad de Vida , Saliva/metabolismo , Adulto , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Estudios Transversales , Índice CPO , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/psicología , Masculino , Masticación/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Saliva/efectos de los fármacos , Xerostomía/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The main goal of prosthetic treatment is to restore masticatory function. However, insufficient evidence supports the recommendation of one specific prosthetic intervention for partially edentulous patients. Function after the use of three different prostheses by the same partially edentulous subject. Mastication was assessed in 12 subjects (mean age 62.6 ± 7.8 years) after they had used removable partial dentures (RPDs), implant-supported partial dentures (IRPDs) and implant-fixed partial dentures (IFPDs). Masticatory ability (MA) was estimated by visual analogue scale questionnaire, while the mandibular chewing motion was evaluated by kinesiographic device, representing an objective measurement of masticatory function. Data were analysed by repeated-measures anova followed by Tukey-Kramer (P < 0.05). MA improved after IRPD and IFPD use (P < 0.05). Opening, closing and total cycle time duration were reduced after both IRPD and IFPD use (P < 0.05), irrespectively the implant prosthesis type. IFPDs and IRPDs restore the masticatory function of partially edentulous patients better than RPDs.
Asunto(s)
Prótesis Dental de Soporte Implantado , Dentadura Parcial Fija , Dentadura Parcial Removible , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/fisiopatología , Mandíbula/fisiopatología , Masticación/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/rehabilitación , Quinesiología Aplicada , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Partial or complete edentulism impairs mastication. However, it is unclear how the chewing cycle is affected by prosthetics. We evaluated the chewing movements of patients fitted with complete (CD) or removable partial denture (RPD). A total of 29 subjects were kinesiographically evaluated during chewing of peanuts and Optocal portions in a random sequence. The subjects were divided into two groups according to prosthesis type. Group RPD was composed of 14 partially edentulous patients using a lower distal extension RPD (mean age 61 ± 8 years), and group CD contained 15 completely edentulous patients using CD (mean age 65·9 ± 7·9 years) in both jaws. Opening, closing, occlusal and masticatory cycle times, movement angle (opening and closing), maximum velocity (opening and closing), total area and chewing cycle amplitudes were evaluated. The results were subjected to anova and Tukey's HSD test at a significance level of 5%. The RPD group exhibited shorter opening and closing phases and masticatory cycle time (P < 0·05). Maximum velocities were also higher in the RPD group, irrespective of the test material (P < 0·05). The area and amplitude of the chewing envelope was smaller in the CD group (P < 0·0001). The test material did not influence chewing cycles in any of the parameters evaluated (P > 0·05). RPD wearers use a faster chewing sequence with greater vertical and lateral jaw excursions compared with CD wearers.
Asunto(s)
Dentadura Completa/efectos adversos , Dentadura Parcial Removible/efectos adversos , Masticación/fisiología , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Partially edentulous patients may be rehabilitated by the placement of removable dental prostheses, implant-supported removable dental prostheses, or partial implant fixed dental prostheses. However, it is unclear the impact of each prosthesis type over the masticatory aspects, which represents the objective of this paired clinical trial. Twelve patients sequentially received and used each of these 3 prosthesis types for 2 months, after which maximum bite force was assessed by a strain sensor and food comminution index was determined with the sieving method. Masseter and temporal muscle thicknesses during rest and maximal clenching were also evaluated by ultrasonography. Each maxillary arch received a new complete denture that was used throughout the study. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for repeated measures, followed by the Tukey test (p < .05). Maximum bite force and food comminution index increased (p < .0001) after implant-supported dental prosthesis and implant fixed dental prosthesis use, with the higher improvement found after the latter's use. Regardless of implant-retained prosthesis type, masseter muscle thickness during maximal clenching also increased (p < .05) after implant insertion. Partial implant-supported prostheses significantly improved masseter muscle thickness and mastication, and the magnitude of this effect was related to prosthesis type.
Asunto(s)
Prótesis Dental de Soporte Implantado , Dentadura Parcial , Masticación/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fuerza de la Mordida , Aleaciones de Cromo/química , Abrazadera Dental , Implantación Dental Endoósea , Implantes Dentales , Oclusión Dental Balanceada , Diseño de Dentadura , Retención de Dentadura , Dentadura Completa Superior , Dentadura Parcial Fija , Dentadura Parcial Removible , Femenino , Alimentos , Humanos , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/rehabilitación , Masculino , Músculo Masetero/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Masetero/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Oseointegración/fisiología , Músculo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Temporal/patología , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
We found evidence of autosomal dominant hereditary transmission of sulcus vocalis. Four dysphonic patients from three generations of the same family were submitted to videolaryngoscopic examination (three patients) and to direct laryngoscopy (one patient) to diagnose the hoarseness. Sulcus vocalis was diagnosed in all four patients. The finding of four affected individuals in three generations, with vertical transmission affecting man and women, is more consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern; it is an etiological model that we propose for the sulcus vocalis in this pedigree.
Asunto(s)
Genes Dominantes , Ronquera/genética , Pliegues Vocales/anomalías , Adulto , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Ronquera/fisiopatología , Humanos , Laringoscopía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linaje , Fenotipo , Pliegues Vocales/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of ground oilseed sources on the quality, fatty acid profile, and CLA content of meat from zebu steers. Thirty-one zebu steers with an initial average age of 23 mo and an initial BW of 365 kg were used in this study. The experimental period was 84 d, which was preceded by an adaption period of 28 d. The diet was provided ad libitum with a forage:concentrate ratio of 40:60. Corn silage was used as the forage source. Four different concentrates were formulated for each treatment: without additional lipids (control) or with ground soybeans (SB), ground cottonseed (CS), or ground linseed (LS). The SB, CS, and LS diets were formulated to have 6.5% ether extract on a total dietary DM basis. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design. After slaughter, samples were taken from the longissimus thoracis muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of meat quality. The luminosity index was greater in the control and LS diets (P < 0.01). The greatest percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), trans octadecenoic acid (C18:1 trans-10, trans-11, or trans-12), and SFA in the subcutaneous fat were observed in the CS treatment (P < 0.01). Moreover, the least percentages of oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) and total unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat were observed in the CS diet (P < 0.01). The meat linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid percentages were greatest in the SB and LS treatments, respectively (P < 0.001). The unsaturated fatty acid:SFA ratio was smallest for the CS diet (P < 0.01). A gradual increase in oxidation was observed as a function of storage time; however, the diets did not affect the rancidity of the meat (P > 0.05). The fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat was impaired by the addition of CS. Supplying ground oilseeds did not increase the content of CLA in the meat.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Carne/análisis , Semillas/química , Tejido Adiposo/química , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Bovinos , Aceite de Semillas de Algodón/química , Dieta/veterinaria , Lino/química , Masculino , Glycine max/química , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A partir das observações de 1.325 animais (90,4 por cento de machos e 9,6 por cento de fêmeas) e do pedigree de 6.642 animais da raça Guzerá foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos para o peso corporal e as características área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura na costela e na garupa, avaliadas por meio da técnica de ultrassonografia. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, utilizando-se o aplicativo MTDFREML. Foram utilizados, para as estimativas de repetibilidade e herdabilidade, modelos unicaracterística e, para as correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre as características, modelos bicaracterísticas. As estimativas de repetibilidade (erros-padrão) foram 0,44(0,10) para peso corporal, 0,39(0,10) para área de olho de lombo, 0,75(0,06) para espessura de gordura na costela e 0,49(0,08) para espessura de gordura na garupa. As estimativas de herdabilidade, respectivamente a partir de modelos uni e bicaracterísticas, foram 0,42(0,11) e 0,41(0,11) para peso corporal, 0,35(0,09) e 0,34(0,09) para área de olho de lombo, 0,20(0,08) e 0,32(0,02) para espessura de gordura na garupa e 0,05(0,06) e 0,10(0,08) para espessura de gordura na costela. As estimativas de correlações genéticas foram 0,79(0,09) entre o peso corporal e a área de olho de lombo; 0,20(0,08) entre o peso corporal e a espessura de gordura na garupa; 0,05(0,06) entre a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura na costela; 0,02(0,27) entre a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura na garupa; e 0,64(0,22) entre as duas medidas de espessura de gordura. Os resultados indicam que é uma mensuração suficiente para a adequada avaliação das características área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura na carcaça e que a seleção direta para essas características pode resultar em carcaças mais musculosas e de melhor acabamento. Indica, ainda, ausência de antagonismo genético entre a seleção para peso corporal e características ...
Genetic parameters were estimated for body weight and real-time ultra-sound loin-eye area, rump fat thickness, and back fat thickness using data from 1,325 yearling Guzera cattle (90.4 percent bulls and 9.6 percent heifers) and pedigree structure with 6,642 animals. Variance and covariance components were estimated using REML methodology and MTDFREML software. Single trait animal models were used to estimate repeatability and heritability for the four traits. Multiple traits animal models were used to estimate genetic correlations among the traits. Repeatability estimates (standard errors) were 0.44(0.10) for body weight, 0.39(0.10) for loin-eye area, 0.75(0.06) for rump fat thickness, and 0.49(0.08) for back fat thickness. Heritability estimates were 0.42(0.11) and 0.41(0.11) for body weight, 0.35(0.09) and 0.34(0.09) for loin-eye area, 0.20(0.08) and 0.32(0.08) for back fat thickness, and 0.05(0.06) and 0.10(0.08) for rump fat thickness, respectively from single and multiple traits models. Genetic correlation estimates were 0.79(0.09) between body weight and loin-eye area, 0.20(0.08) between body weight and back fat thickness, 0.05(0.06) between loin-eye area and rump fat thickness, 0.02(0.27) between loin-eye area and back fat thickness and 0.64(0.22) between the two measurements of fat thickness. In order to evaluate carcass traits, results suggested that repeated real-time ultra-sound measurements are not needed and that direct selection for these traits might be effective. In addition, there is no genetic antagonism between selection for body weight and carcass traits.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Análisis de Varianza , Composición Corporal , Peso Corporal , Bovinos , Genética , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
A partir das observações de 1.325 animais (90,4 por cento de machos e 9,6 por cento de fêmeas) e do pedigree de 6.642 animais da raça Guzerá foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos para o peso corporal e as características área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura na costela e na garupa, avaliadas por meio da técnica de ultrassonografia. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, utilizando-se o aplicativo MTDFREML. Foram utilizados, para as estimativas de repetibilidade e herdabilidade, modelos unicaracterística e, para as correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre as características, modelos bicaracterísticas. As estimativas de repetibilidade (erros-padrão) foram 0,44(0,10) para peso corporal, 0,39(0,10) para área de olho de lombo, 0,75(0,06) para espessura de gordura na costela e 0,49(0,08) para espessura de gordura na garupa. As estimativas de herdabilidade, respectivamente a partir de modelos uni e bicaracterísticas, foram 0,42(0,11) e 0,41(0,11) para peso corporal, 0,35(0,09) e 0,34(0,09) para área de olho de lombo, 0,20(0,08) e 0,32(0,02) para espessura de gordura na garupa e 0,05(0,06) e 0,10(0,08) para espessura de gordura na costela. As estimativas de correlações genéticas foram 0,79(0,09) entre o peso corporal e a área de olho de lombo; 0,20(0,08) entre o peso corporal e a espessura de gordura na garupa; 0,05(0,06) entre a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura na costela; 0,02(0,27) entre a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura na garupa; e 0,64(0,22) entre as duas medidas de espessura de gordura. Os resultados indicam que é uma mensuração suficiente para a adequada avaliação das características área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura na carcaça e que a seleção direta para essas características pode resultar em carcaças mais musculosas e de melhor acabamento. Indica, ainda, ausência de antagonismo genético entre a seleção para peso corporal e características ...(AU)
Genetic parameters were estimated for body weight and real-time ultra-sound loin-eye area, rump fat thickness, and back fat thickness using data from 1,325 yearling Guzera cattle (90.4 percent bulls and 9.6 percent heifers) and pedigree structure with 6,642 animals. Variance and covariance components were estimated using REML methodology and MTDFREML software. Single trait animal models were used to estimate repeatability and heritability for the four traits. Multiple traits animal models were used to estimate genetic correlations among the traits. Repeatability estimates (standard errors) were 0.44(0.10) for body weight, 0.39(0.10) for loin-eye area, 0.75(0.06) for rump fat thickness, and 0.49(0.08) for back fat thickness. Heritability estimates were 0.42(0.11) and 0.41(0.11) for body weight, 0.35(0.09) and 0.34(0.09) for loin-eye area, 0.20(0.08) and 0.32(0.08) for back fat thickness, and 0.05(0.06) and 0.10(0.08) for rump fat thickness, respectively from single and multiple traits models. Genetic correlation estimates were 0.79(0.09) between body weight and loin-eye area, 0.20(0.08) between body weight and back fat thickness, 0.05(0.06) between loin-eye area and rump fat thickness, 0.02(0.27) between loin-eye area and back fat thickness and 0.64(0.22) between the two measurements of fat thickness. In order to evaluate carcass traits, results suggested that repeated real-time ultra-sound measurements are not needed and that direct selection for these traits might be effective. In addition, there is no genetic antagonism between selection for body weight and carcass traits.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Genética , Análisis de Varianza , Composición Corporal , Peso Corporal , Ultrasonografía/métodos , BovinosRESUMEN
The comparison of two methods based on online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography with UV (SPE-LC-UV) or mass spectrometry detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) is presented. The methods were validated and proved to be accurate. The analysis of standard samples for SMZ at concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 25 and 50microg/mL demonstrated a relative standard deviation of less than 6% for both methods (n=18), while TMP samples at concentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 1.5 and 5.0microg/mL were analyzed with R.S.D. of less than 4% (n=18). The method with mass spectrometric detection was approximately six times more sensitive than the method with ultraviolet detection. The total run time for the SPE-LC-MS/MS was 2.5min per sample as opposed to 18.0min for the SPE-LC-UV method. The method with MS detection in comparison with UV detection proved to be more rugged and was successfully applied to pharmacokinetics studies.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/análisis , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/farmacocinética , Química Farmacéutica , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Humanos , Indicadores y Reactivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Control de Calidad , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Equivalencia Terapéutica , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The first epidemiological study carried out in Latin America to investigate the prevalence of otological disease and its impact in a representative random sample of the school children population. METHODS: A cross sectional epidemiological survey to investigate the epidemiology of otitis in a representative random sample of 1119 children and adolescents from a total of 486166 elementary and high-school students, aged 6-18 years, regularly registered in one of the 521 public and private schools of the city of Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais, southern Brazil. The interviews were conducted individually, in the school, by an otolaryngologist or a pediatrician. The interview included all of the personal data and also detailed questions regarding otological disorders and hearing. The otological examination was carried out with Mini-Heine otoscopes and the audiometric evaluation with the AudioScope 3 with 25dB intensity. The questionnaire and basic procedures for medical examination had been previously tested through a pilot test in two schools. RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic otitis media was 0.94%. Impacted wax was found in 12.3% of the students. The prevalence of abnormalities (excluding wax) in the otoscopy examination was 10.5%. It was found that 8.3% of students had a past history of otitis and 7.7% had a past history of otorrhea. These two special groups presented statistically significant associations with chronic otitis media, hearing loss and otolaryngological surgeries (when compared with the other school children). Parents and school children seemed significantly able to identify a special group of children with past history of otitis during childhood.
Asunto(s)
Otitis Media/epidemiología , Perfil de Impacto de Enfermedad , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiología , Cerumen , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Trastornos de la Audición/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Audición/patología , Pruebas Auditivas , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Otitis Media/patología , Prevalencia , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Foram utilizadas 16 matrizes de frangos de corte com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de proteína bruta (NPB), 14 e 16 por cento, e dois níveis de vitamina E (NVE), 25 e 250mg/kg, na dieta sobre a concentraçäo de alfa-tocoferol (AT) na gema, no fígado, no soro sangüíneo e na excreta, e sobre a retenç o de AT e de nitrogênio (N). O período experimental foi de 25 dias, sendo 15 dias para a adaptaçäo das aves à dieta e 10 dias para a coleta de ovos e da excreta para análise de vitamina E (VE) e N. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, formado por quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (NVE x NPB), constituído cada um por quatro repetiçöes, e cada unidade experimental representada por uma ave. Houve aumento linear (P<0,01) no consumo, na excreçäo e na retençäo de AT à medida que se elevou a suplementaçäo de VE na dieta, refletindo, conseqüentemente, no aumento da concentraçäo de AT na gema do ovo, no fígado e no soro sangüíneo (P<0,05). A eficiência na retençäo de AT nas aves decresceu (P<0,01) com o aumento do NVE na dieta, independentemente do NPB. O balanço de N revelou que o aumento de 10 vezes na suplementaçäo de VE (250mg/kg) na dieta resultou em menor excreçäo e maior retençäo de N nas aves, independentemente do NPB. Porém, o aumento do NPB na dieta revelou maior consumo e excreçäo de N nas aves, mas näo diferiu na retençäo e na concentraçäo de N no ovo. Conclui-se que o aumento na suplementaçäo de VE na dieta, independentemente do NPB, eleva as concentraçöes de AT na gema e nos tecidos, reduz a retençäo de AT e eleva a retençäo de N no organismo de matrizes pesadas em pico de produçäo
Asunto(s)
Animales , Huevos , Aves de Corral , Proteínas , Vitamina ERESUMEN
Sixteen broiler breed hens were used with the objective of evaluating the effects of supplementation of two crude protein (14 and 16% CP) and two vitamin E levels (25 and 250mg VE/kg) in the diet on the alpha-tocopherol (AT) concentration in the egg yolk, liver, blood serum and feces, and on the AT and nitrogen (N) retentions. The experiment lasted 25 days, in which 15 days were used for hens adaptation and 10 days for egg and fecal collection for AT and N analyses. The experimental design was a complete randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (CP × VE levels) with four repetitions per treatment. The increasing of VE in the diet resulted in increase (P 0.05) in AT consumption, excretion and retention, reflecting in higher AT concentrations in egg yolk, liver and blood serum (P 0.05). The efficiency of AT retention in birds decreased (P 0.01) at high VE levels, independently of CP levels in diet. The increasing of ten times VE in the diet resulted in lower excretion and in higher retention of N in birds. The increasing of CP levels resulted in more N consumption and excretion in hens (P 0.05), although no difference was accounted for N retention and egg concentration (P>0.05). Thus, it could be concluded that the increasing of VE levels in the diet increased the AT concentrations in the egg yolk and body tissues, and decreased the AT and increased the N retention in broiler breed hens during the laying peak period.
Foram utilizadas 16 matrizes de frangos de corte com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de proteína bruta (NPB), 14 e 16%, e dois níveis de vitamina E (NVE), 25 e 250mg/kg, na dieta sobre a concentração de alfa-tocoferol (AT) na gema, no fígado, no soro sangüíneo e na excreta, e sobre a retenção de AT e de nitrogênio (N). O período experimental foi de 25 dias, sendo 15 dias para a adaptação das aves à dieta e 10 dias para a coleta de ovos e da excreta para análise de vitamina E (VE) e N. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, formado por quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 (NVE × NPB), constituído cada um por quatro repetições, e cada unidade experimental representada por uma ave. Houve aumento linear (P 0,01) no consumo, na excreção e na retenção de AT à medida que se elevou a suplementação de VE na dieta, refletindo, conseqüentemente, no aumento da concentração de AT na gema do ovo, no fígado e no soro sangüíneo (P 0,05). A eficiência na retenção de AT nas aves decresceu (P 0,01) com o aumento do NVE na dieta, independentemente do NPB. O balanço de N revelou que o aumento de 10 vezes na suplementação de VE (250mg/kg) na dieta resultou em menor excreção e maior retenção de N nas aves, independentemente do NPB. Porém, o aumento do NPB na dieta revelou maior consumo e excreção de N nas aves, mas não diferiu na retenção e na concentração de N no ovo. Conclui-se que o aumento na suplementação de VE na dieta, independentemente do NPB, eleva as concentrações de AT na gema e nos tecidos, reduz a retenção de AT e eleva a retenção de N no organismo de matrizes pesadas em pico de produção.
RESUMEN
This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of supplementation of two levels of crude protein (14 and 16% CP) and vitamin E (25 and 250mg VE/kg) in the diet on the performance and egg composition of broiler breed hens and on the performance of their progeny during the laying period (24-to-54 weeks of age). Thus 480 female and 48 male Ross breeder 18-week-old birds were randomly distributed in 16 floor pens, with 30 females and three males in each one. The diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and all them were isoenergetics (2750kcal ME/kg). The experimental design was a complete randomized block and the treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 factorial (CP × VE levels) with two repetitions each. Egg production/hen/day, egg weight, egg number/hen housed, viability, final female body weight and egg yolk percentage were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments, and no interaction between CP and VE was observed. Hens fed diet with 16% CP, supplemented with 25 or 250mg VE/kg, had smaller egg shell and greater albumen percentage (P 0.05). Diet with 250mg VE/kg resulted in greater alpha tocopherol concentration in the yolk (P 0.05). No effects of CP or VE levels were observed on incubation performance in both studied ages (32nd and 52nd week), i.e., on incubated egg weight, on eclodibility, on relationship between egg weight and neonatal chick weight, and on subsequent performance of the progeny. However, greater neonatal chick weight (P 0.01) was observed in those from 32 week-old broiler breed hens fed diet containing 16% CP and 250mg VE/kg. It can be concluded that a 14% CP with 25mg VE/kg diet provides sufficient CP and VE to assure the productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens during the laying period.
Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB), 14 e 16%, e dois de vitamina E (VE), 25 e 250mg/kg, na dieta sobre o desempenho e composição do ovo de matrizes de frangos de corte, entre 24 e 54 semanas de idade e sobre o desempenho de suas progênies. Foram alojadas 480 fêmeas e 48 machos da linhagem Ross, com 18 semanas de idade, em 16 boxes com 30 fêmeas e 3 machos em cada um. As dietas foram à base de milho e farelo de soja, sendo todas isocalóricas (2750kcal de EM/kg). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, constituído de quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2×2, sendo dois níveis de PB (NPB) e dois níveis de VE (NVE), representados por quatro repetições cada um. A produção de ovos/ave/dia, o número de ovos/ave-alojada, o peso do ovo, a viabilidade, o peso corporal das fêmeas no final do experimento e a percentagem de gema no ovo não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos e nem pela interação entre NVE × NPB. Menor percentagem de casca (P 0,05) e maior percentagem de albúmen (P 0,05) foram obtidos em ovos de aves que receberam o maior NPB na dieta, independente do NVE suplementado na dieta. Maior concentração de alfa-tocoferol na gema foi obtida em ovos de matrizes que receberam dieta suplementada com 250mg de VE/kg (P 0,05). O rendimento de incubação em ambas as idades estudadas (32ª e 52ª semanas) resultou em efeitos não significativos (P>0,05) dos NPB e dos NVE, representados pelo peso do ovo incubado, pela taxa de eclosão, pela razão entre o peso do ovo e o peso da progênie e pelo desempenho da progênie até a idade de abate. Porém, maior peso ao nascer (P 0,01) foi encontrado na progênie proveniente de reprodutoras com 32 semanas de idade, que receberam dieta com maior NPB e maior NVE. Dieta com 14% de PB e suplementada com 25mg de VE/kg é suficiente para assegurar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo satisfatório de matrizes de frangos de corte durante a fase de produção.
RESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e propor um índice de seleçäo para o peso do leitäo ao nascer, aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade em 3933 suínos da raça Piau, pela utilizaçäo da metodologia de modelos mistos aplicada em modelo animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade para o peso do leitäo ao nascer, aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade foram iguais a 0,11, 0,20 e 0,10, respectivamente. O efeito permanente de ambiente associado ao efeito de leitegada revelou-se importante fraçäo na variância fenotípica, em todas as características analisadas. A correlaçäo entre o índice de seleçäo e o agregado genotípico (rHI subscrito) foi igual a 0,41, sendo que os valores de ponderaçäo das características peso do leitäo ao nascer, aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade, no índice foram iguais a 4,24, 0,92 e 0,54, respectivamente. A perda em eficiência no rHI subscrito foi maior para o peso do leitäo ao nascer do que para os demais pesos