RESUMEN
Urban environments present less environmental heterogeneity in relation to the natural ones, affecting the biodiversity of bats and the ecological processes in which they participate. In this way, we will identify how urbanization influences the structure of bat communities in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. We compared species composition, guilds and bat richness in a gradient that crossed urban, semi-urban and natural areas in the municipality of Goiânia, contained in the Cerrado biome. We captured a total of 775 bats of 16 species distributed in three families. Urban areas had a higher species abundance, while semi-urban areas had a higher species richness. The three types of environments have different compositions, the urban one being more homogeneous, the fauna in these areas is composed of generalist species, which benefit from this process. The diversity present in semi-urban areas is a consequence of the intersection between urban and natural fauna, which is why urban expansion needs to occur in a planned manner to minimize the impacts of this process and ensure the maintenance of biodiversity.
Asunto(s)
Quirópteros , Humanos , Animales , Urbanización , Brasil , Pradera , Ecosistema , BiodiversidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dry socket (DS) or fibrinolytic osteitis is a relatively common complication that can occur following tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DS and identify its associated predictive and mediating variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is classified as prospective observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter. Patients were consecutively selected in accordance with established criteria for tooth extraction. Data on patient demographics, surgical procedures and postoperative outcomes were collected. Nominal variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test, while associations involving ordinal values or considering counts or layers were examined using the Kendall's Tau-B Test or Mantel-Haenszel Test for trend. The GLM Mediation Model was employed to investigate potential mediation or indirect effects or potential underlying mechanisms of predictive variables on the development of DS. Two-tailed significance level of p ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 1,357 patients undergoing routine dental extractions were included. DS was observed in 13 patients (prevalence of 1%). DS was associated with younger patients (under 50 years old), longer procedures, and the presence of surgical accidents, but only when mediated by surgical complexity. Smoking, particularly in combination with complex surgeries and surgical accidents, was associated with DS. Postoperative pain for more than two days and reported at moderate to high levels, emerged as a potential warning sign for DS. The use of antibiotics was found to significantly reduce the risk of DS (RR reduction of 36% and absolute risk reduction of 0.63%). CONCLUSIONS: Routine dental extractions revealed a 1% prevalence of dry socket. The obtained results suggests that DS is a multifactorial condition influenced by various factors, including gender, age, smoking, antibiotic prescription and surgical factors such as length, technique and accidents, nevertheless, those associations were observed mainly considering the influence of one variable on another.
Asunto(s)
Alveolo Seco , Extracción Dental , Humanos , Alveolo Seco/etiología , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adulto Joven , AdolescenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Apolipoprotein B plays a crucial role in regulating plasma cholesterol by mediating the interaction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with LDL receptors in the liver. Inherited mutations in this gene may increase the risk of developing premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia type 2 (FH2). The aim of this study is to identify APOB variants that may indicate pathogenicity in a sample of the Brazilian population using a data bank exome sequencing study by NGS in a Brazilian population phenotypically diagnosed by clinical and laboratory profile. This finding is going to improve genetic hypercholesteremia diagnosis. METHODS: High-quality DNA samples (n»300) were sequenced using an exon-targeted gene sequencing (ETGS) strategy to identify variants in FHrelated genes. Pathogenicity classification was based on criteria established by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), also using information from ClinVar and pathogenicity scores from previous association studies. RESULTS: A total of 121 variants were identified in APOB, of which four are novel variants missense (p.Thr626Asn, p.Ile2750Thr, p.Gln2078Lys and p.Met4184Arg). After curating pathogenicity scores, variants were classified according to the ACMG criteria. Among them four as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (p.Pro2739Leu, p.His1923Arg, p.Pro994Leu and p.Pro877Leu), and 21 variants had uncertain significance. Additionally, 92 previously known variants with uncertain significance were classified as benign or likely benign. The results were submitted to Clinvar for actualization of pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: These results improve the molecular diagnosis associating APOB variants with the clinical phenotype of hypercholesterolemia.
Asunto(s)
ADN , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Secuenciación del Exoma , Hipercolesterolemia , Adaptación Fisiológica , Mutación MissenseRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Twin pregnancy is currently an exclusion criterion for prenatal repair of open spina bifida (OSB). The main objective of this study was to report on our experience of treating twin pregnancies with OSB using the skin-over-biocellulose for antenatal fetoscopic repair (SAFER) technique. We also discuss reconsideration of the current exclusion criteria for fetal OSB repair. METHODS: Eight fetuses with OSB from seven twin pregnancies underwent successful prenatal repair. Six pregnancies were dichorionic diamniotic with only one twin affected, and one was monochorionic diamniotic with both twins affected. Percutaneous fetoscopy was performed under CO2 insufflation of the sac of the affected twin. Neurosurgical repair was performed using a biocellulose patch to protect the placode, with the skin sutured to hold the patch in place, with or without a myofascial flap. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory scale in babies older than 6 months of adjusted age, whereas the Alberta scale was used for babies younger than 6 months of adjusted age. RESULTS: All 14 fetuses were liveborn and none required additional repair. Gestational age at surgery ranged from 27.3 to 31.1 weeks, and gestational age at birth ranged from 31.6 to 36.0 weeks. Four out of eight affected twins developed sepsis, but had a good recovery. No sequela of prematurity was found in any of the unaffected twins. Short-term neurodevelopment was normal in all evaluated unaffected twins (5/5) and in all but one affected twins (7/8). In the affected group, only one baby required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity is frequent after fetal surgery, and the risk is increased in twin pregnancy. Nevertheless, prenatal surgery using the SAFER technique is feasible, with low risk to both twins and their mother when performed by a highly experienced team. Long-term cognitive assessment of the unaffected twin is needed. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Asunto(s)
Fetoscopía , Espina Bífida Quística , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Fetoscopía/métodos , Feto , Edad Gestacional , Embarazo Gemelar , Estudios Retrospectivos , Espina Bífida Quística/diagnóstico por imagen , Espina Bífida Quística/cirugía , GemelosRESUMEN
Cereus hildmannianus is a cactus exhibiting morphological and physiological adaptation of its cladodes which ensuring growth in climatic and soil conditions unfavourable for many plant species. Currently, limited water resources and increasing demand for renewable energy make cacti a biomass source for the production of biofuels. Somaclones regenerated from callus in vitro can be a source of new raw material in useful plants. The objective of this work was to determine if the regenerated plants showing two different morphologies present polysaccharide composition different from the wild plant. Somaclones aqueous extraction shows the absence of soluble polysaccharides as mucilage. The alkaline extraction of in vivo cultivated plant showed the presence of starch, type I arabinogalactan, and arabinoxylan and the somaclones showed type I arabinogalactan and arabinoxylan in both morphologies. Hemicelluloses found in the somaclones are not different from in vivo cultivated plants, but somaclones not almost biosynthesize mucilage and starch.
Asunto(s)
Cactaceae , Cactaceae/metabolismo , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Polisacáridos , AlmidónRESUMEN
Intensive pig production systems are a source of stress, which is linked to reduced animal welfare and increased antimicrobial use. As the gatekeepers of the welfare of the animals under their care, farmers are seen as the stakeholder responsible for improving animal welfare. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of pig farmers towards pig welfare and the impact of such attitudes on farmers' selection of management strategies on the farm. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 44 pig farmers in one of the main pig producing regions of Brazil. Interviews covered knowledge and attitudes towards pig sentience and behaviour and welfare-related issues commonly observed in intensive pig farms (belly-nosing, fights, tail-biting, diarrhoea and castration without pain control) and farmers' conception and attitudes towards pig welfare. We identified many management and animal-based indicators of poor welfare, such as the use of painful and stressful management practices and use of environments that limit the expression of natural behaviours. However, most farmers were satisfied with animal welfare standards at their farms. Farmers' perceptions are aligned with their understanding of animal welfare. Although they identified all the dimensions that impact the welfare of a pig on a farm (affect, biological functioning and naturalness), their social reality, industry demands and available advice pushed them to perceive their range of action limited to biological and environmental aspects of the animals that do not necessarily benefit affective state. This precluded farmers from making associations between good health and the animal's ability to express a full behavioural repertoire, as well as from viewing abnormal behaviours as problems. The negative consequences for the welfare of the animals were commonly alleviated by routines that relied on constant use of medication, including high dependence on antibiotics. Expressions of estrangement from the production chain were common voices among the participants. This suggests that farmers may not be sufficiently informed or engaged in responding to consumers' expectations and commitments made by companies, which can pose a severe economic risk for farmers. The findings of this study indicate that economic, technical and social factors restrict farmers' autonomy and their ability to perform their role as stewards of animal welfare. (Re)connecting different human, animal and environmental interests may be a step to changing this scenario.
Asunto(s)
Bienestar del Animal , Agricultores , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Antibacterianos , Brasil , Granjas , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , PorcinosRESUMEN
An unusual mortality event (UME) attributed to morbillivirus infection was identified in two Guiana dolphin populations from the Southeastern Brazilian coast. The aim of this study was to characterize total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg) and selenium (Se) bioaccumulation and body burden in Guiana dolphins from Sepetiba Bay (RJ) collected before (n = 61) and during the UME (n = 20). Significantly lower Se concentrations were found in the livers of individuals collected during the UME (Mann-Whitney test; p = 0.03), probably due to impairment of the detoxification process in the liver. There were differences in THg and Se concentrations in the organs and tissues of individuals (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05), but not MeHg (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.07). For THg, the liver showed the higher concentrations and differed among organs and tissues analyzed such as blubber (Tukey's test for unequal N; p = 0.003). For Se concentrations, the skin and kidney presented the higher concentrations and varied among other tissues/organs, like muscle (Tukey's test for unequal N; p = 0.02). Differences in body burdens were observed among specimens collected previously and during the UME probably due to the remobilization and transport of the muscle-stored MeHg to other tissues/organs. This abrupt input of MeHg into the bloodstream may cause serious health damage. Indeed, evidences of methylmercury intoxication was observed in Guiana dolphins in Sepetiba Bay. In conclusion, bioaccumulation patterns, the detoxification process and body burden were affected by morbillivirus.
Asunto(s)
Delfines , Mercurio , Compuestos de Metilmercurio , Morbillivirus , Selenio , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Brasil , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Humanos , Mercurio/análisis , Compuestos de Metilmercurio/análisis , Compuestos de Metilmercurio/toxicidad , Selenio/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.(AU)
O custo adaptativo de parasitoides é geralmente influenciado pela qualidade do hospedeiro. Nós avaliamos parâmetros de desenvolvimento do parasitoide Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) criadas em dieta artificial com diferentes fontes proteicas. Larvas de A. fraterculus foram criadas em dietas a base de: 1) germe de trigo cru (testemunha); 2) farinha de arroz integral; 3) farinha de milho; e, 4) farinha de trigo integral + farelo de soja. As larvas foram usadas para o desenvolvimento de D. areolatus para avaliar o número de descendentes/fêmea, taxa de emergência, razão sexual, duração do período ovo-adulto, peso de adultos, comprimento da tíbia posterior e longevidade. Larvas de A. fraterculus criadas nas dietas a base de germe de trigo e farinha de milho, permitiram obter um maior número de descendentes do parasitoide, com menor duração do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto, para ambos os sexos. Nas dietas com farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, larvas de A. fraterculus geraram adultos de D. areolatus com maior peso e tamanho de tíbia de machos e fêmeas e uma maior quantidade de fêmeas. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo + farelo de soja afetou a geração de descendentes, causando uma menor razão sexual. As dietas a base de farinha de arroz e milho são as mais adequadas para a multiplicação do parasitoide.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Himenópteros , Tephritidae , Control Biológico de Vectores , Interacciones Huésped-ParásitosRESUMEN
Abstract Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.
Resumo O custo adaptativo de parasitoides é geralmente influenciado pela qualidade do hospedeiro. Nós avaliamos parâmetros de desenvolvimento do parasitoide Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) criadas em dieta artificial com diferentes fontes proteicas. Larvas de A. fraterculus foram criadas em dietas a base de: 1) germe de trigo cru (testemunha); 2) farinha de arroz integral; 3) farinha de milho; e, 4) farinha de trigo integral + farelo de soja. As larvas foram usadas para o desenvolvimento de D. areolatus para avaliar o número de descendentes/fêmea, taxa de emergência, razão sexual, duração do período ovo-adulto, peso de adultos, comprimento da tíbia posterior e longevidade. Larvas de A. fraterculus criadas nas dietas a base de germe de trigo e farinha de milho, permitiram obter um maior número de descendentes do parasitoide, com menor duração do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto, para ambos os sexos. Nas dietas com farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, larvas de A. fraterculus geraram adultos de D. areolatus com maior peso e tamanho de tíbia de machos e fêmeas e uma maior quantidade de fêmeas. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo + farelo de soja afetou a geração de descendentes, causando uma menor razão sexual. As dietas a base de farinha de arroz e milho são as mais adequadas para a multiplicação do parasitoide.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Avispas , Tephritidae , Himenópteros , Triticum , Dieta/veterinaria , Harina , LarvaRESUMEN
The published online version contains figure in poor quality.
RESUMEN
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is the major dose-limiting adverse effect of the clinical use ifosfamide (IFOS). The incidence of this side effect can be as high as 75%. Mesna has been used to reduce the risk of HC, although 5% of patients who get IFOS treatment may still suffer from HC. In previous studies, our group demonstrated that α-phellandrene (α-PHE) possesses anti-inflammatory activity, which opens the door for its study in the attenuation of HC. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential uroprotective effect of the α-PHE in the mouse model of IFOS-induced HC. In order to analyze the reduction of the urothelial damage, the bladder wet weight, hemoglobin content, and the Evans blue dye extravasation from the bladder matrix were evaluated. To investigate the involvement of neutrophil migration and lipid peroxidation and involvement of enzymatic and endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants, the tissue markers myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated. TNF-α and IL-1ß were measured by ELISA immunoassay technique. The results show that pretreatment with α-PHE significantly reduced urothelial damage that was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of MPO, MDA, and NOx levels and prevention of the depletion of SOD and GSH in bladder tissues. In the assessment of cytokines, α-PHE was able to significantly reduce TNF-α level. However, it does not affect the activities of IL-1ß. These data confirm that α-PHE exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties and demonstrates that α-PHE represents a promising therapeutic option for this pathological condition.
Asunto(s)
Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos/uso terapéutico , Cistitis/prevención & control , Hemorragia/prevención & control , Ifosfamida/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/toxicidad , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos/farmacología , Cistitis/inducido químicamente , Cistitis/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.
Asunto(s)
Himenópteros , Tephritidae , Avispas , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Harina , Larva , Masculino , TriticumRESUMEN
Nas ovelhas, a demanda de nutrientes aumenta durante a gestação, especialmente nas últimas seis semanas, quando ocorre maior desenvolvimento do feto. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o perfil bioquímico de ovelhas durante a gestação e no periparto imediato, comparando-se gestação única com gemelar. Foram utilizadas 60 ovelhas, Dorper, divididas em dois grupos experimentais com base no diagnóstico de gestação ultrassonográfico: grupo 1: 30 ovelhas com feto único; grupo 2: 30 ovelhas com gestação gemelar. Em nove momentos de coleta, foram mensurados no soro sanguíneo: ureia, creatinina, proteína total (PT), albumina, globulina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase, fosfatase alcalina, colesterol e triglicérides. O peso vivo das ovelhas do G2 foi maior que do G1 em todos os momentos, inclusive quando estavam vazias. Houve diferença entre as ovelhas do G1 e do G2 nos valores de PT, albumina, AST e triglicérides. A partir de 120 dias de gestação, o perfil proteico se modificou, com menores níveis de ureia, PT, albumina e globulina, mostrando que a demanda metabólica se intensificou no último mês da gestação. Os níveis de colesterol e triglicérides diminuíram de 140 dias de gestação para o parto. Este trabalho mostrou que a gestação proporcionou mudanças significativas no metabolismo da ovelha, principalmente no terço final da gestação, quando há maior necessidade de acompanhamento para evitar a incidência de doenças metabólicas.(AU)
In sheep, nutrient demand increases during gestation, particularly in the last six weeks, when the fetuses develop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical profile of ewes during pregnancy and in the immediate peripartum comparing single with twin pregnancies. Sixty ewes of Dorper breed were divided into two groups by pregnancy ultrasonographic diagnosis: 1 - 30 ewes with single fetus gestation; 2 - 30 ewes with twin pregnancy. In nine collection moments the following parameters were measured: urea, creatinine, total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides. The weight of G2 sheep was higher than G1 since they were empty. There were differences in G1 and G2 sheep metabolism in TP, Albumin, AST and Triglycerides. From 120 days of pregnancy, the protein profile changed, with lower levels of urea, TP, albumin and globulin, showing that the metabolic demand intensified in the last month of pregnancy. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased from 140 days of pregnancy to lambing day. This study showed that gestation provided significant changes in the ewe's metabolism, especially in the final third of gestation, when there is a greater need to follow the animals to avoid the incidence of metabolic diseases.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Preeclampsia/veterinaria , Ovinos/fisiología , Ovinos/sangre , Periodo Posparto/fisiología , Periodo Periparto/fisiología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/veterinaria , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinariaRESUMEN
Nas ovelhas, a demanda de nutrientes aumenta durante a gestação, especialmente nas últimas seis semanas, quando ocorre maior desenvolvimento do feto. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o perfil bioquímico de ovelhas durante a gestação e no periparto imediato, comparando-se gestação única com gemelar. Foram utilizadas 60 ovelhas, Dorper, divididas em dois grupos experimentais com base no diagnóstico de gestação ultrassonográfico: grupo 1: 30 ovelhas com feto único; grupo 2: 30 ovelhas com gestação gemelar. Em nove momentos de coleta, foram mensurados no soro sanguíneo: ureia, creatinina, proteína total (PT), albumina, globulina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase, fosfatase alcalina, colesterol e triglicérides. O peso vivo das ovelhas do G2 foi maior que do G1 em todos os momentos, inclusive quando estavam vazias. Houve diferença entre as ovelhas do G1 e do G2 nos valores de PT, albumina, AST e triglicérides. A partir de 120 dias de gestação, o perfil proteico se modificou, com menores níveis de ureia, PT, albumina e globulina, mostrando que a demanda metabólica se intensificou no último mês da gestação. Os níveis de colesterol e triglicérides diminuíram de 140 dias de gestação para o parto. Este trabalho mostrou que a gestação proporcionou mudanças significativas no metabolismo da ovelha, principalmente no terço final da gestação, quando há maior necessidade de acompanhamento para evitar a incidência de doenças metabólicas.(AU)
In sheep, nutrient demand increases during gestation, particularly in the last six weeks, when the fetuses develop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical profile of ewes during pregnancy and in the immediate peripartum comparing single with twin pregnancies. Sixty ewes of Dorper breed were divided into two groups by pregnancy ultrasonographic diagnosis: 1 - 30 ewes with single fetus gestation; 2 - 30 ewes with twin pregnancy. In nine collection moments the following parameters were measured: urea, creatinine, total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides. The weight of G2 sheep was higher than G1 since they were empty. There were differences in G1 and G2 sheep metabolism in TP, Albumin, AST and Triglycerides. From 120 days of pregnancy, the protein profile changed, with lower levels of urea, TP, albumin and globulin, showing that the metabolic demand intensified in the last month of pregnancy. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased from 140 days of pregnancy to lambing day. This study showed that gestation provided significant changes in the ewe's metabolism, especially in the final third of gestation, when there is a greater need to follow the animals to avoid the incidence of metabolic diseases.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Preeclampsia/veterinaria , Ovinos/fisiología , Ovinos/sangre , Periodo Posparto/fisiología , Periodo Periparto/fisiología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/veterinaria , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinariaRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: O diagnóstico molecular da hipercolesterolemia familial (HF) é atribuído principalmente as variantes nos genes LDLR, LDLRAP1, APOB e PCSK9. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar análise in silico para investigar o impacto de variantes sem descrição na literatura no gene APOB observado em pacientes com HF. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 141 indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de HF. As variantes no gene da APOB foram selecionadas após sequenciamento dos éxons de 61 genes utilizando a plataforma MiSeq (Illumina). Os dados foram analisados nos programas Real Time Analysis, MiSeq Reporter, BaseSpace Sequence Hub e VariantStudio. Para a análise in silico, as sequências molde das moléculas da apoB-100 e o LDLr foram selecionadas por modelagem comparativa considerando o maior grau de identidade. As sequências proteicas foram alinhadas e os modelos 3D foram construídos utilizando os programas SEAVIEW e MODELLER v9.21. O gráfico de Ramachandran do modelo de menor energia apresenta 0,5% de outliers e análise de regiões de desordem, como principal validação. Os resultados das conformações de ancoragem foram analisados no software PyMol 2.1. Os estudos de docking molecular foram realizados para identificar o melhor complexo de conformação usando o servidor web clusPRO. RESULTADOS: Após a análise molecular dos 141 pacientes foram identificadas 7 variantes missenses sem descrição na literatura no gene APOB (c.433C>T, c.2630C>T, c.2950G>A, c.5743G>A, c.7367C>A, c.9880T>C e c.10780T>C). Os estudos de docking das variantes demonstraram uma maior afinidade entre o LDLr e a apoB-100 (c.2630C> T; Pro877Leu) em comparação com a proteína não mutada. A troca dos resíduos permaneceu como propriedade físico-química, e comparando as distâncias de ligação das proteínas não-mutadas (5Å) e mutadas (3,5Å), sugere-se uma maior afinidade do complexo (LDLr-apoB-100) para a leucina, tal fato é afirmado pela análise da região de desordens da apoB-100, onde a posição 877 está em uma região desorganizada e flexível. Esta maior afinidade poderia levar a uma menor dissociação intracelular deste complexo, resultando em uma alta taxa de degradação do LDLr pelas enzimas lisossômicas, levando ao aumento da concentração plasmática de LDLc. Para as outras variantes não houve alterações significativas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que estudos in silico baseados na ferramenta de docking molecular podem melhorar o conhecimento da contribuição genética no desenvolvimento da doença HF. Além disso, a variante APOB c.2630C> T deve ser avaliada in vitropara validação do mecanismo proposto. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Genes , HipercolesterolemiaRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: Frente à crescente evidência da redução de eventos cardiovasculares relacionados à redução do LDL colesterol (LDL-c), a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) propôs em 2017 metas mais agressivas de LDL-c. OBJETIVO: Avaliar em um centro terciário de cardiologia a proporção de pacientes que atingiram metas de LDL-c propostas pela Atualização da Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Prevenção da Aterosclerose da SBC conforme estratificação de risco cardiovascular. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisados 2180 pacientes consecutivos em controle ambulatorial quanto à fatores de risco cardiovascular e terapia medicamentosa vigente. Conforme a diretriz, foram classificados em risco baixo, intermediário, alto e muito alto com metas de LDL-c < 130, 100, 70 e 50 mg/dL, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 65 anos, sendo 53% dos pacientes do sexo feminino. Do total, 1225 (56.2%) eram de risco muito alto, 900 (41.3%) alto, 50 (2.3%) intermediário e 5 (0.2%) de baixo risco. Trezentos e noventa e nove pacientes (18.3%) atingiram as metas de LDL-c estabelecidas pela diretriz, sendo 11.1%, 26.2%, 46% e 80% de cada faixa de risco, respectivamente. Destes, 74.5% dos pacientes de muito alto risco, 56.2% de alto risco, 86% de risco intermediário e 40% de baixo risco estavam em uso de estatinas na intensidade e doses preconizadas pela diretriz. Apenas 148 (6.8%) pacientes não usavam estatina. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Riesgo , LDL-ColesterolRESUMEN
Rhipicephalus microplus, commonly known as southern cattle tick, causes huge economic losses in the cattle industry. Its infestation affects the production of meat and milk and causes discomfort to hosts. In addition, it is the vector of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp. The most frequent method used to control these parasites is through synthetic acaricides. However, their indiscriminate use can be toxic for hosts and environment as well as cause selection of resistant ticks. Plant extracts and essential oils emerge as promising alternatives to manage tick infestation. Carvacrol, an aromatic monoterpene extracted from plants, has recognized antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal, repellent and acaricidal activities. Acetylation of carvacrol is believed to enhance its nematicidal and acaricidal activities and to decrease its toxicity to hosts. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of acetylcarvacrol in the morphology of ovaries of engorged R. microplus ticks. The most remarkable morphological alterations found in the female germ cells were irregular and thicker chorion, decreasing in size and irregular shape of female germ cells (oocytes), cytoplasmatic vacuolization as well as ring-shaped nucleoli. These alterations were analyzed through a semi-quantitative method proposed in this study for ixodid ticks. Treatment group IV, which was exposed to 4.5 µL/mL of carvacrol acetate, showed the most significant alterations, and it was also statistically different when compared to control groups. Therefore, sublethal concentrations of acetylcarvacrol demonstrated to impact the reproductive system of R. microplus by causing several damages in the female germ cells. This would hinder the generation of new individuals, probably contributing for a long-term control of tick infestation.
Asunto(s)
Acaricidas , Monoterpenos/química , Oocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/química , Rhipicephalus , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Cimenos , Femenino , Aceites Volátiles/química , Oocitos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Control de Ácaros y Garrapatas/métodos , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
In this work, we explore a kind of geometrical effect in the thermodynamics of artificial spin ices (ASI). In general, such artificial materials are athermal. Here, We demonstrate that geometrically driven dynamics in ASI can open up the panorama of exploring distinct ground states and thermally magnetic monopole excitations. It is shown that a particular ASI lattice will provide a richer thermodynamics with nanomagnet spins experiencing less restriction to flip precisely in a kind of rhombic lattice. This can be observed by analysis of only three types of rectangular artificial spin ices (RASI). Denoting the horizontal and vertical lattice spacings by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, then, a RASI material can be described by its aspect ratio [Formula: see text]. The rhombic lattice emerges when [Formula: see text]. So, by comparing the impact of thermal effects on the spin flips in these three appropriate different RASI arrays, it is possible to find a system very close to the ice regime.
RESUMEN
Abstract Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.
Resumo O custo adaptativo de parasitoides é geralmente influenciado pela qualidade do hospedeiro. Nós avaliamos parâmetros de desenvolvimento do parasitoide Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) criadas em dieta artificial com diferentes fontes proteicas. Larvas de A. fraterculus foram criadas em dietas a base de: 1) germe de trigo cru (testemunha); 2) farinha de arroz integral; 3) farinha de milho; e, 4) farinha de trigo integral + farelo de soja. As larvas foram usadas para o desenvolvimento de D. areolatus para avaliar o número de descendentes/fêmea, taxa de emergência, razão sexual, duração do período ovo-adulto, peso de adultos, comprimento da tíbia posterior e longevidade. Larvas de A. fraterculus criadas nas dietas a base de germe de trigo e farinha de milho, permitiram obter um maior número de descendentes do parasitoide, com menor duração do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto, para ambos os sexos. Nas dietas com farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, larvas de A. fraterculus geraram adultos de D. areolatus com maior peso e tamanho de tíbia de machos e fêmeas e uma maior quantidade de fêmeas. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo + farelo de soja afetou a geração de descendentes, causando uma menor razão sexual. As dietas a base de farinha de arroz e milho são as mais adequadas para a multiplicação do parasitoide.
RESUMEN
The identification of bloodmeal sources in triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is important in understanding vector-host associations and in measuring the risk for Chagas' disease transmission. The bloodmeal sources of triatomines infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) caught in houses in central Brazil (Goiás State and the Federal District) were investigated during 2012-2014. Mitochondrial cytochrome b amplicons were used to identify bloodmeals through high-resolution melting and DNA sequencing. Most bugs were found to have fed on either humans (45.7%) or chickens (43.1%). Human blood was detected in Triatoma sordida (n = 22/50 bugs), Triatoma pseudomaculata (n = 7/11 bugs), Panstrongylus megistus (n = 10/24 bugs), Panstrongylus geniculatus (n = 1/3 bugs) and Rhodnius neglectus (n = 18/28 bugs) (all: Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Sequencing identified Necromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) mouse blood in P. geniculatus and Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) lizard blood in T. pseudomaculata and T. sordida. These findings reveal new vector-host associations. The present results suggest frequent contact between humans and T. cruzi-infected triatomines in central Brazil and indicate that Chagas' disease transmission by native vectors is an ongoing threat.