RESUMEN
Specimens of a caligid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) were found on the gills of the hairfin lookdown Selenebrevoortii (Gill) (Carangidae) from off Mazatlán, Sinaloa (north-western Mexico). This material represents a new species of Caligus, C.selenecola sp. nov., and is assigned to the diaphanus species group. Within this group, only C.kapuhili Lewis, 1967, C.laticaudus Shiino, 1960, C.macrurus Heller, 1865, and C.selenecola sp. nov., have been described with a reduced outer spine 1 on the second exopodal segment of leg 1. These four species can be readily separated by the relative length of the abdomen, and the presence/absence of a process on the myxal area of the female maxilliped, the sternal furca, the postantennal process, and the spiniform process on the basal antennary segment. A full description of the new species is given with some comments on Caritustolii Rangnekar, 1984.
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The development of anthropic activities during recent years has led to an increase in nutrient fluxes in the Río Grande de Comitán and Montebello Lakes National Park, Mexico. In turn, this has modified the dynamics of the biotic community, specifically favoring the presence of cyanobacteria tolerant to contamination. The continual and massive presence of Planktothrix species (spp.) in the system suggests a potential detrimental impact for economic issues and human health. In this study, we identify the morphological and molecular characteristics of Planktothrix populations from seven tropical (1,380-1,740 masl, 23.0-25.5°C) and calcareous lakes and two ponds from a water treatment plant. We also assess the ecological drivers that could be related to the presence of cyanotoxins in the system. The ecological preferences, morphology, 16S rRNA structure, and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer found evidence for three species: P. agardhii distributed in neutral to slightly basic water (pH = 7.7-8.7), and P. spiroides and Planktothrix sp. in alkaline waters (pH = 9.1). The presence of the mcyE gene and its validation by liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of two microcystin variants (MC-RR and MC-LR) in at least three populations of P. agardhii. These microcystins put the health of the ecosystem and its inhabitants at risk, a condition that should be addressed and resolved with a water management and detoxification strategy in the basin.
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A new species of parasitic copepod, Lepeophtheirus mondacola sp. nov. (Siphonostomatoida; Caligidae), is described based on female and male specimens obtained from the shortjaw leatherjacket Oligoplites refulgens (Actinopterygii; Perciformes; Carangidae), captured in the southeastern Gulf of California off northwestern Mexico. The new species can be separated from its congeners by a combination of characters that includes: adult female with a subquadrate genital complex bearing slightly protruded posterolateral corners, two indistinct somites on the abdomen which, when combined together, is about two times longer than wide, a caudal ramus that is twice as long as it is wide, a postantennal process comprising a stout base and short claw, a dentiform process of the maxillule with two unequal tines, a maxilliped with a stout protopod and subchela, a sternal furca with a pair of bifurcated tines, a leg 3 exopod composed of 2 segments, five setae on the distal endopodal segment of leg 3 and a leg 4 exopod composed of three segments and armed with one long and two short apical spines on the distal exopodal segment; adult male with a suborbicular genital complex, an abdomen composed of one short and one long, indistinctly separated somites, a caudal ramus that is twice as long as it is wide, a stout postantennal process, a small triangular process at the base of the inner tine of the maxillulary dentiform process and a 3-segmented exopod on leg 4. Lepeophtheirus mondacola sp. nov. represents the first record of a species of Lepeophtheirus from a member of Oligoplites and the second caligid species reported from O. refulgens.
Asunto(s)
Copépodos , Perciformes , Femenino , Masculino , Animales , México , Especificidad de la Especie , Peces , Perciformes/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Quarterly sampling campaigns during 2019 to study the diversity of meiofauna in a polluted estuary in northwestern Mexico revealed the subfamily Stenheliinae Brady, 1880 as one of the most important contributors to the diversity of benthic harpacticoids. Two new stenheliin species are described here. One of them was assigned to the, so far, monotypic genus Lonchoeidestenhelia gen. nov. defined by the autapomorphic modified proximal outer spinules on the sigmoid process of the male P2ENP2. The other species was assigned to Willenstenhelia Karanovic and Kim, 2014. Lonchoeidestenhelia gen. nov. shares the armature formula of the P1 EXP2 with Stenhelia, Anisostenhelia, and Beatricella, but seems to bear a sister-group relationship with the former two genera by the loss of one inner seta on the P2-P3 EXP3, the presence of two outer spine-like elements on the male P5EXP, and the displacement of the outer spine and medial and inner distal setae of P2ENP3, to an apical and subapical inner position, respectively, but is more closely related to Anisostenhelia by the overall shape of the male P2ENP2. Willenstenhelia reducta sp. nov. is attributed to a group of species composed of Wi. minuta, Wi. urania, and Wi. terpsichore characterized by the strongly reduced inner seta of the female P5 baseoendopod, but differs in the discrete female P5 baseoendopods and in the presence of one outer seta only on that segment. Willenstenhelia reducta sp. nov. is defined here by the autapomorphic loss of the outermost seta of the female P5 baseoendopod.
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BACKGROUND: Monosomy of 1p36 is considered the most common terminal microdeletion syndrome. It is characterized by intellectual disability, growth retardation, seizures, congenital anomalies, and distinctive facial features that are absent when the deletion is proximal, beyond the 1p36.32 region. In patients with proximal deletions, little is known about the associated phenotype, since only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Ocular manifestations in patients with classical 1p36 monosomy are frequent and include strabismus, myopia, hypermetropia, and nystagmus. However, as of today only one patient with 1p36 deletion and Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) has been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a patient with intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and bilateral Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) type 1. Array CGH showed a 7.2 Mb de novo deletion from 1p36.31 to 1p36.21. DISCUSSION: Our patient displayed DRS, which is not part of the classical phenotype and is not a common clinical feature in 1p36 deletion syndrome; we hypothesized that this could be associated with the overlapping deletion between the distal and proximal 1p36 regions. DRS is one of the Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders, and a genetic basis for the syndrome has been extensively reported. The HES3 gene is located at 1p36.31 and could be associated with oculomotor alterations, including DRS, since this gene is involved in the development of the 3rd cranial nerve and the 6th cranial nerve's nucleus. We propose that oculomotor anomalies, including DRS, could be related to proximal 1p36 deletion, warranting a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation of these patients.
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A total of 228 sampling stations were visited for benthic fauna during a series of oceanographic cruises in the Gulf of California, west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, and Eastern Central Pacific from year 1991 to 2014. Among others, three fish species of the genus Dibranchus were caught in 28 stations. Of these, D. spongiosa was the most common and abundant. Close inspection of this fish revealed the presence of a new species of parasitic copepod, Chondracanthus dibranchi sp. nov., found in the gill cavity of seven specimens of D. spongiosa. Chondracanthus dibranchi sp. nov. seems to be morphologically related to C. psetti and C. janebennettae. The female of C. janebennettae can be separated from these other two congeners by the general shape of the head and abdomen, by the number of teeth on the mandibular blade, and by the general body shape. Chondracanthus psetti and C. dibranchi sp. nov. share the relative lengths of legs 1 and 2, the relative size and shape of the genito-abdomen, and the conical attenuating lateral processes on the trunk of the female. The females of these two species can be separated by the shape and armature of the antennule, shape of the antenna, the claw of the maxilliped, the rami of leg 1 and 2 and posterior processes, the head region, and by the position of the lateral processes of the trunk. An amendment to Tang's (2007) key to the species of Chondracanthus is proposed.
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Copépodos/clasificación , Copépodos/genética , Peces/parasitología , Abdomen/anatomía & histología , Animales , Antenas de Artrópodos/anatomía & histología , Copépodos/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Cabeza/anatomía & histología , México , Océano Pacífico , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento del sistema de ajuste locator asociado con una prótesis parcial removible (PPR) con extensión distal inferior por medio del método de análisis de elementos finitos (MEF). Materiales y Métodos: Se diseñó un modelo clase II Kennedy tridimensional utilizando un Software CAD de Solid Works 2010 (SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, USA), y posteriormente se procesó y analizó a través Software ANSYS versión 14. Se modelo un (1) implante Tapered Screw-Vent® (ref. TSVB10 Zimmer Dental-Carlsbad, CA, USA) de 10mm de longitud x 3.7mm de diámetro con una plataforma de 3.5mm, de hexágono interno con su respectivo tornillo de fijación; este se ubicó en el diente 37 como pilar posterior de una PPR, cuyo conector mayor fue una barra lingual colada (aleación cromo cobalto), con base combinada (metal/acrílico), con dientes a reemplazar (37, 36 y 35). Se evaluaron los esfuerzos von Mises en una carga 400N. Este análisis permitió valorar el comportamiento de las diferentes estructuras protésicas modeladas y los efectos generados en las interfases hueso-implante. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias entre los valores von Mises en todas las estructuras y ante las cargas no hubo deformaciones permanentes en ninguna de ellas. Estructuras como el hueso mostraron microdeformaciones en valores normales. Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la conexión PPR-implante, mostró una distribución de esfuerzos favorable al utilizar una PPR, sometiéndola a carga en dirección vertical.
Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the behavior of the system locator settings associated with distal extension removable partial denture lower (PPR) by finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: A Class II Kennedy 3D model using a CAD software Solid Works 2010 (SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, USA), and subsequently processed and analyzed by ANSYS Software version Model 14. One (1) was designed implant Tapered Screw -Vent® (ref TSVB10 Zimmer Dental-Carlsbad,CA,USA.) length x 10mm diameter 3.7mm with a 3.5mm platform, internal hexagon with its respective screw fixation; this was located at the tooth 37 as a rear pillar of a PPR, whose major connector was a lingual bar casting (alloy cobalt chromium), based combined (metal/ acrylic) with teeth to replace (37, 36 and 35). Efforts were evaluated von Mises in a 400N load. This analysis allowed assessing the performance of various prosthetic structures modeled and generated effects on bone-implant interface. Results: Differences between the values von Mises in all structures and loads were observed before there was no permanent deformation in any of them. Structures such as bone showed in normal values microstrain Conclusions: The behavior of the PPRimplant connection, showed a favorable distribution efforts by using a PPR, subjecting it to load in the vertical direction
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Humanos , Equipo Dental , Implantes Dentales , Materiales Dentales , Modelos Dentales , Prótesis Dental , Odontología , Prostodoncia , Enfermedad de Dent , Atención Odontológica , Implantación Dental , Oclusión Dental , ProstodonciaRESUMEN
The history surrounding the identity of Cletocamptus albuquerquensis (Herrick, 1894) and C. dominicanus Kiefer, 1934 is very complex. This complexity has been exacerbated by incomplete, and in some cases erroneous, original descriptions of these two species. Also, new records from other locations did not describe the significant characters needed to clearly delineate them. This led several authors to consider C. dominicanus as a synonym of C. albuquerquensis, among other taxonomical considerations regarding, for example, the status of Marshia brevicaudata Herrick, 1894. Inspection of biological material from Saskatchewan (southern Canada), Wyoming (central US), Trinidad and Tobago, and the British Virgin Islands, identified by other researchers as C. albuquerquensis, as well as of newly collected material from Great Salt Lake (Utah, central US), Puerto Rico, Culebra Island, Vieques Island, St. John Island (US Virgin Islands), San Salvador (Bahamas), and Santa Marta (Colombia), revealed that C. albuquerquensis and C. dominicanus are distinct and identifiable species, distributed in a more restricted area than previously thought. Additionally, we describe a new species, C. tainoi sp. nov., from St. John Island (US Virgin Islands), and we propose another new species, C. chappuisi sp. nov., for two males from Bonaire previously identified as C. albuquerquensis. Finally, we give some observations on tube-pore-like structures, previously overlooked, on the endopod of the male leg three.
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Copépodos , Animales , Bahamas , Canadá , Islas , Masculino , Puerto Rico , Trinidad y Tobago , Utah , WyomingRESUMEN
Currently, the caligid genus Euryphorus Milne Edwards, 1840 contains two valid species. A new species, Euryphorus suarezi, is described based on adult females and males collected from the spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen) (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatidae), captured off Campeche and Tabasco, Mexico (southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico). The new species is mainly distinguished from its congeners by the absence of dorsal plates, the presence of postantennal process, bifurcated maxillule, maxilliped with slender corpus, and leg 4 with 3-segmented endopod. Leg 6 is conspicuous in the male. Additional differences are described. This is the first record of a species of Euryphorus from an elasmobranch host, which may provide insight into the evolutionary relationships within the Caligidae.
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Copépodos/anatomía & histología , Copépodos/clasificación , Rajidae/parasitología , Animales , Femenino , Golfo de México , Masculino , México , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sensitization to allergens in atopic dermatitis patients is a risk factor for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis in the future,as well as an aggravating factor in the course of the disease. Recent studies have attributed the activity of the proteases of some antigens to cause a grater defect in the epithelial barrier and a more severe disease. OBJECTIVE: To know the sensitization to allergens pattern in children with atopic dermatitis attended at Allergology Service of University Hospital of UANL, Mexico, and to know if these children have higher sensitization to antigens with proteolytic activity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was done reviewing the skin prick test reports done in our service to children ranging from 5 months to 16 years old, diagnosed with atopic dermatitis during a period of 2 years, from January 2012 to January 2014. The frequency of sensitization to aeroallergens and food were analyzed as well as the weal size (≥6mm) on the skin in response to each particular allergen in the case of food skin prick test. RESULTS: Reports of skin tests of 66 children, 30 boys and 36 girls, were included; 37 of children were sensitized to more than one allergen,18/66 had asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, 40/66 60% skin prick tests were positive to high activity protease aeroallergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae). Regarding food, sensitization was seen in 38 children; fruits and vegetables were the two most common foods. Only seven children had skin prick weal bigger than 6 mm, mainly to egg, fish and cow's milk. CONCLUSIONS: Children with atopic dermatitis are often sensitized to high protease activity aeroallergens, polysensitization is very common and the association with airway allergy is seen early in life. Sensitization to food is also common in these patients, but only a small percentage showed a response large enough to be associated with disease severity.
Antecedentes: la sensibilización a alergenos observada en la dermatitis atópica aumenta el riesgo del niño a padecer rinitis alérgica y asma. Los estudios recientes indican que entre mayor actividad de proteasas haya en los alergenos a los que se está sensibilizado, hay mayor defecto en la barrera cutánea y mayor gravedad de la enfermedad. Objetivos: conocer el patrón de sensibilización a los alergenos en niños con dermatitis atópica atendidos en el Servicio de Alergología del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León y conocer si estos niños tienen mayor sensibilización a los antígenos con actividad proteolítica. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo en el que revisamos los reportes de las pruebas cutáneas por punción realizadas en nuestro servicio a niños de 5 meses a 16 años de edad, con diagnóstico de dermatitis atópica, de enero de 2012 a enero de 2014. Evaluamos la frecuencia de sensibilización a aeroalergenos y alimentos, así como el tamaño de la roncha en la respuesta cutánea para cada alergeno en particular. Resultados: se incluyeron los reportes de pruebas cutáneas de 66 niños, 30 hombres y 36 mujeres. Cuarenta y seis pacientes estaban sensibilizados a aeroalergenos y 38 a alimentos. Los ácaros del polvo de casa (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae) fueron los alergenos con mayor frecuencia de respuesta positiva en las pruebas cutáneas. De los niños con sensibilización a alimentos, sólo los niños sensibilizados a la leche de vaca, al huevo y al pescado tuvieron una roncha mayor de 6 mm de diámetro. CONCLUSIÓN: en los niños con dermatitis atópica es común la sensibilización a aeroalergenos con alta actividad de proteasas y la polisensibilización es muy común. La sensibilización a alimentos es común en estos pacientes, pero sólo un pequeño porcentaje de ellos muestra respuestas cutáneas lo suficientemente grandes para relacionarlas con gravedad de la enfermedad.
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Mastocytosis is one of the eight subcategories of the myeloproliferative neoplasms of the classification of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues' tumors of 2008 of World Health Organization; it is an heterogeneous group of myeloproliferative diseases characterized by the excessive proliferation of atypical mastocytes in morphological and immunophenotype terms, besides the cumulus of these cells in one or several organs or tissues, including skin, bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes.
La mastocitosis es una de las ocho subcategorías de las neoplasias mieloproliferativas de la clasificación de tumores de tejidos linfoides y hematopoyéticos de 2008 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud; es un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades mieloproliferativas que se distinguen por la proliferación excesiva de mastocitos morfológica e inmunofenotípicamente atípicos, además de la acumulación de estas células en uno o varios órganos o tejidos, incluidos la piel, la médula ósea, el hígado, el bazo y los ganglios linfáticos.
RESUMEN
The reactions to mosquito bites are immunological reactions with involvement of IgE, IgG and T cells mediated hypersensitivity. These reactions are common and range from small local reactions, large local reactions to systemic allergic reactions. Skeeter syndrome is defined as a large local induced inflammatory reaction to mosquito bite and sometimes accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and vomiting. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination, supported by the identification of specific IgE by skin testing. Treatment includes prevention, antihistamines and steroids in some cases. Specific immunotherapy still requires further study. This paper reports two cases of patients with hypersensitivity reactions to mosquito bites, which were evaluated in our center presenting positive skin tests.
Las reacciones por picaduras de mosquito son reacciones inmunológicas con afectación de la hipersensibilidad mediada por IgE, IgG y linfocitos T. Éstas son frecuentes y van desde reacciones locales pequeñas o grandes, hasta reacciones alérgicas sistémicas. El síndrome de Skeeter es una reacción inflamatoria local grande inducida por la picadura de mosquito, en ocasiones acompañada de síntomas sistémicos como fiebre y vómito. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y la exploración física, con el apoyo de la identificación de IgE específica mediante pruebas cutáneas. El tratamiento consiste en la prevención de picaduras, administración de antihistamínicos y, en algunos casos, de esteroides. La inmunoterapia específica aún requiere mayor estudio. Comunicamos dos casos de pacientes que manifestaron reacciones de hipersensibilidad a la picadura de mosquito, que fueron evaluados en nuestro centro con pruebas cutáneas positivas.
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Adverse reactions to drugs are relatively frequent in clinical practice, and some of them can be life threatening. Reactions to contrast material (CM) represent an important percentage of these adverse reactions. It has been found that 70% of reactions to contrast material happen within the first five minutes of their administration. Despite the fact that hypersensitivity reactions are traditionally classified as non-allergic, in recent years investigators have reported positive skin prick tests in patients with immediate and late reactions to contrast material. This paper reports the case of a female patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has presented on two distinct occasions adverse reactions to contrast material. We discuss on the type of reaction, severity, suggested prophylaxis, prognosis and recommendations, keeping in mind the underlying disease and the need to have further image studies performed.
Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos son relativamente frecuentes en la práctica clínica y algunas ponen en riesgo la vida. Las reacciones al medio de contraste representan un porcentaje importante de esas reacciones adversas. Se ha encontrado que 70% de las reacciones adversas a los medios de contraste iodados ocurren en los primeros cinco minutos tras su administración. A pesar de que las reacciones de hipersensibilidad inducidas por contraste tradicionalmente se clasifican como no alérgicas, en los últimos años los investigadores han reportado pruebas por punción positivas en pacientes con reacciones inmediatas como tardías. Se reporta el caso de una paciente con linfoma no Hodgkin que ha tenido en dos ocasiones reacciones adversas al contraste. Se comenta el tipo de reacción, la gravedad, el tratamiento profiláctico sugerido, pronóstico y recomendaciones, tomando en cuenta el padecimiento subyacente y la necesidad de hacer nuevos estudios de imagen.
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BACKGROUND: Climate change has implications for health, ecology and society. Urban green areas are a key element in the planning of cities, promoting citizen interaction with the environment, as well as health. Lack of planning and design of these areas as well as the selection of ornamental trees can be a trigger of pollen allergy in the surrounding population. Reforestation is among the programs implemented by the government that have an impact on allergy. Environmental reforestation programs do not take into account the allergenic potential of some species. In the last 4 years, the government of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, has planted nearly 18,000 Quercus species trees, in addition to an unknown number of Fraxinus species trees that are listed as tree species with high pollen production. OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in tree pollen sensitization, based on environmental reforestation programs. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective and descriptive study was done in which positive skin prick tests to pollen from trees in the interval of 2010-2014 were analyzed, correlating between tree species used for reforestation and increased sensitivity to the former. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in pollen sensitization to species with which Nuevo Leon was reforested was found, along with a decrease in sensitization to the species that were not reforested. CONCLUSIONS: Reforestation contributes to some extent to the change in the pattern of positive skin tests and may result in more frequent exacerbations of respiratory diseases. It is an activity that should always be regulated and assisted by experts in the according field.
Antecedentes: el cambio climático tiene consecuencias en la salud, el medio ambiente y la sociedad. Las áreas verdes urbanas son importantes en la planeación de las ciudades para promover la interacción de los ciudadanos con el ambiente y la salud. La falta de planeación y diseño de estas áreas y la mala selección de árboles han contribuido a aumentar la incidencia de alergia al polen entre la población. Con frecuencia los programas de reforestación ambiental no toman en cuenta el potencial alergénico de algunas especies. El gobierno de Nuevo León en los últimos cuatro años ha plantado cerca de 18 mil árboles de la especie Quercus, además de un número indeterminado de árboles de la especie Fraxinus, cuyo polen es alergénico. Objetivo: identificar el cambio en la sensibilización al polen de árboles de acuerdo con los programas de reforestación ambiental. Material y método: estudio restrospectivo y descriptivo en el que se analizaron las pruebas cutáneas positivas para polen de árboles de los últimos cuatro años, correlacionando entre la especie de árbol utilizada para la reforestación y el aumento de la sensibilidad a ésta. Resultados: se encontró un incremento estadísticamente significativo en la sensibilización al polen de las especies con las que se reforestó Nuevo León, además de disminución en la sensibilización a las especies con las que no se reforesta. Conclusiones: la reforestación contribuye, en cierta medida, al cambio en el patrón de la positividad de las pruebas cutáneas y puede traer como consecuencia exacerbaciones más frecuentes de enfermedades respiratorias. Es una actividad que debe ser regulada y asesorada siempre por expertos.
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Objective. The present contribution aims at the description of a new species of the genus Schizopera. Materials and methods. Water samples were collected in littoral areas with mangrove and macrophytes, and in the limnetic zone. Twenty five liters of water were taken. Water samples were filtered with a zooplankton net (45µm) and preserved in 70% ethanol. The filtered samples were concentrated to 100 ml and examined in a Bogorov camera. Copepods were separated. Observations and drawings of S. evelynae sp. nov. were made at a magnification of 1000X. Results. Schizopera evelynae sp. nov. seems to be closely related to S. giselae Jiménez -Álvarez 1988 and to S. pratensis Noodt 1958 based on the armature formula of P1-P4, but can be separated from these two species based on the relative length of P1ENP, length/width ratio of P1ENP2, relative length of the outer proximal and distal spines on P4EXP3, shape of the exopod and relative length of the exopodal setae of the female P5, shape and length/width ratio of the male P2ENP2, and male P5 baseoendopodal lobe:exopod length ratio. A key to the species of Schizopera from America is given. Conclusion. A new species of the genus Schizopera is described. The Colombian material shares most characters with S. giselae and S. pratensis.
Objetivo. Describir una nueva especie del genero Schizopera. Materiales y métodos. Muestras de agua fueron colectadas en áreas del litoral con mangle y macrófitas, y en la zona limnética. Se tomaron 25 L de agua. Las muestras de agua fueron filtradas con una red de zooplancton (45 µm) y preservadas en etanol al 70%. Las muestras filtradas se concentraron a 100 ml y fueron analizadas en una cámara de Bogorov. Los copépodos fueron separados. Se realizaron observaciones y dibujos de S. evelynae sp. nov. a un aumento de 1000X. Resultados. Schizopera evelynae sp. nov. parece estar estrechamente relacionada con S. giselae Jiménez-Álvarez 1988 y con S. pratensis Noodt 1958 basado en la fórmula de la armadura de P1-P4, pero puede ser separado de estas dos especies basado en la longitud relativa de P1ENP, relación longitud / anchura de P1ENP2, la longitud relativa de las espinas proximal y distal externas en P4EXP3, forma del exópodo y la longitud relativa de las setas del exópodo de la P5 de la hembra, la forma y la relación longitud / anchura del P2ENP2 del macho, y la relación entre la longitud del lóbulo baseoendopodal de la P5 y la longitud del exópodo en el macho. Se presenta una clave para las especies del género Schizopera en América. Conclusiones. Se describe una nueva especie para la ciencia del género Schizopera. Los especímenes colombianos comparten la mayoría de los caracteres con S. giselae y S. pratensis.
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Copépodos , Clasificación , Copépodos , Laguna CosteraRESUMEN
The occurrence of parasitic copepods of the family Caligidae on wild and cultured marine fishes from Chamela Bay, on the Pacific coast of Mexico, is reported. A total of 16 species of Caligus and 1 species of Lepeophtheirus were found on 19 wild fish species. The description of Caligus chamelensis n. sp. parasitizing Kyphosus elegans is presented. Among the species of Caligus reported here, Caligus serratus is the most common since it was found infecting 11 fish species. On cultured fish, Lutjanus gutattus and L. peru, only one species of Caligus, C. sclerotinosus was collected. DNA barcodes [mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences] were obtained for the majority of the sea lice species herein reported. The molecular analyses support the recognition of the new species and suggest that neither Caligus nor Lepeophtheirus are monophyletic. COI is shown to be a good candidate for parasitic copepod species identification, although a more robust reference database is needed to expand our ability to accomplish a molecular identification.
Asunto(s)
Copépodos/genética , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Animales , Copépodos/clasificación , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/epidemiología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , México , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Caligus serratus Shiino, 1965 (Copepoda: Caligidae), a parasite on 11 fish species caught in Chamela Bay off the Pacific Coast of Mexico, is redescribed based on material found on Pacific agujon needlefish Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876). Caligus serratus can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: i) short abdomen (approximately 0.2 times as long as cephalothorax), ii) pointed posteromedial process on the first segment of the antenna, iii) sternal furca with bluntly pointed, diverging tines, and iv) leg 4 exopod bearing 3 unequal, distal spines (the shortest 0.2 times the length of the longest). Microphotographs of female and illustrations of both female and male are provided. The redescription of this species might be useful given its low host specificity.
Asunto(s)
Copépodos/clasificación , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Peces/parasitología , Animales , Copépodos/anatomía & histología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , México , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Océano PacíficoRESUMEN
Seasonal occurrence of parasitic copepods in wild bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae), was analyzed in conjunction with variation of biotic and abiotic factors. Eleven samples were taken between February 2007 and February 2008 in Santa María La Reforma lagoon (northwestern coast of México). In total, 337 fish was examined; 5 parasitic copepod species were observed, including Acantholochus zairae , Caligus serratus , Lepeophtheirus simplex , Pseudochondracanthus diceraus , and Parabrachiella sp. The most common species were L. simplex , P. diceraus, and C. serratus (overall prevalence, 59, 53, and 35%, respectively), which significantly varied in prevalence and mean intensity between sampling months. A seasonal pattern was only observed for L. simplex, with higher infection levels in the warmest month than in the coldest month. Statistical analyses indicated that the intensity of L. simplex was positively correlated with water temperature. There were no significant differences in prevalence and intensity of infection among female and male hosts. At the component community level, species richness ranged between 4 and 5 during most of the study period, and no seasonality was observed in the number of individuals, Shannon diversity index, evenness index, or the Berger-Parker dominance index. At the infracommunity level, 4 descriptors used (mean species richness, mean number of individuals, mean Brillouin's diversity index, and mean Berger-Parker index) varied significantly between sampling months, but no seasonality was observed, except for a slight increase in the number of individuals during the warmest month. A significant positive association was detected between number of individuals and water temperature and between host size and both species richness and number of individuals. This is the first account of the ecology of these 5 parasitic copepods. Although no significant association was detected between fish condition factor and the burden of parasitic copepods, given the high occurrence of the caligid copepod L. simplex , we suggest that this copepod could represent a threat for the culture of S. annulatus .
Asunto(s)
Copépodos/fisiología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Tetraodontiformes/parasitología , Animales , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Copépodos/clasificación , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/epidemiología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/parasitología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Branquias/parasitología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Oxígeno/análisis , Prevalencia , Salinidad , Estaciones del Año , Agua de Mar/química , Distribución por Sexo , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Temperatura , Tetraodontiformes/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Observaciones previas sobre el microplancton de la Bahía de Mazatlán, en el otoño de 1996, revelaron la existencia de altas densidades de Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Este mismo fenómeno se encontró en noviembre 1998 y un mes después se había desplazado al sur de la Bahía de Mazatlán, mientras que por esas mismas fechas, en California, EUA, se registraban accidentes de envenenamiento de mamíferos marinos, accidentes que en el noroeste de México se aprecian entre enero y marzo. Mensualmente se recolectaron muestras de agua superficial (< 0.5 m) y subsuperficial (10 m), de noviembre 1998 a enero 1999 y cada semana, entre febrero 1999 y mayo 2000; las muestras fueron analizadas por la técnica de Utermöhl a 400X. La cuantificación del microplancton presentó un amplio pulso invernal y otro menor en verano de cada ciclo anual. Con el empleo de microscopio electrónico (MEB y MET), se reconocieron cuatro especies de Pseudo-nitzschia y una más en estudio reciente. Las densidades de Pseudo-nitzschia fueron, en orden de importancia: 760 céls ml-1 (7 dic.1999), 610 (6 dic.1998), 335 (12 jul.1999), 198 (1º. feb. 1999), 170 (6 nov.1998), 123 (17 mar.1999), 108 (11 ago.1999). Otras especies de diatomeas (Thalassiosira spp., Asterionellopsis glacialis, Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatum), dinoflagelados (Prorocentrum spp., Scripsiella trochoideda) y ciliados (Myrionecta rubra), manifestaron proliferaciones altas durante el período de este estudio
Observations on microplankton in the autumn of 1996 revealed the existence of high densities of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. A similar phenomenon was found in November 1998 and November 1999 and a month later it shifted to the southern Mazatlán Bay while in California, USA, incidents of the poisoning of sea mammals were being recorded; this also happened on the Mexican Pacific coasts from January to March. Water samples collected at surface (<0.5 m deep) and subsurface (10 m deep) monthly, from November 1998 to January 1999 and every week from February 1999 to May 2000, were analyzed by the Utermöhl technique at 400 enlargements. Phytoplankton quantification showed winter and summer pulses; the 1998-1999 period was higher than the 1999-2000 period. Five species of Pseudo-nitzschia were identified by electron microscopy (TEM and SEM); a new study has revealed other species. High values of Pseudo-nitzschia were observed: 730 P-n/ml (Dec. 1999), 610 P-n/ml (Dec. 1998), 335 P-n/ml (Jul. 1999), 198 P-n/ml (Feb. 1999), 170 P-n/ml (Nov. 1998), 123 P-n/ml (Mar. 1999), 108 P-n/ml (Aug. 1999). The blooms of other species of diatoms (Thalassiosira spp., Asterionellopsis glacialis, Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatum), dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum spp., Scripsiella trochoidea) and ciliates (Myrionecta rubra) were also observed
Asunto(s)
Animales , Diatomeas/ultraestructura , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Eutrofización/fisiología , Fitoplancton/ultraestructura , Agua de Mar/química , Diatomeas/clasificación , Dinoflagelados/clasificación , Dinoflagelados/ultraestructura , México , Densidad de Población , Fitoplancton/clasificación , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
Observations on microplankton in the autumn of 1996 revealed the existence of high densities of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. A similar phenomenon was found in November 1998 and November 1999 and a month later it shifted to the southern Mazatlán Bay while in California, USA, incidents of the poisoning of sea mammals were being recorded; this also happened on the Mexican Pacific coasts from January to March. Water samples collected at surface (<0.5 m deep) and subsurface (10 m deep) monthly, from November 1998 to January 1999 and every week from February 1999 to May 2000, were analyzed by the Utermöhl technique at 400 enlargements. Phytoplankton quantification showed winter and summer pulses; the 1998-1999 period was higher than the 1999-2000 period. Five species of Pseudo-nitzschia were identified by electron microscopy (TEM and SEM); a new study has revealed other species. High values of Pseudo-nitzschia were observed: 730 P-n/ml (Dec. 1999), 610 P-n/ml (Dec. 1998), 335 P-n/ml (Jul. 1999), 198 P-n/ml (Feb. 1999), 170 P-n/ml (Nov. 1998), 123 P-n/ml (Mar. 1999), 108 P-n/ml (Aug. 1999). The blooms of other species of diatoms (Thalassiosira spp., Asterionellopsis glacialis, Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatum), dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum spp., Scripsiella trochoidea) and ciliates (Myrionecta rubra) were also observed.