RESUMEN
This represents the first report on the genetic diversity of red currant germplasm collections based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. Genotypes of 75 individuals of different origin were assessed in more than 7.5K genome positions. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis has been performed. There are five accessions that are significantly isolated from each other and from the rest of the analyzed cultivars. F1 offspring of R. petraeum Wulf (Rote Hollandische) and Gondouin, as well as Rote Spatlese (F2 of R. petraeum and F2 of R. multiflorum Kit.), are the most genetically isolated on the MDS plot. Ribes multiflorum is closer to the rest of cultivars than the three abovementioned accessions. Purpurnaya cultivar (F1 of Rote Spatlese) is located between Rote Hollandische and R. multiflorum. Other genotypes, mostly represented by varieties having several species in a pedigree, occupied the rest of MDS plot relatively evenly. Descendants of R. multiflorum have been placed in the left part of MDS plot, which underlines their genetic diversity from other accessions. White- and pink-fruited cultivars were clustered together, underlining genetic relatedness. Admixture analysis of GBS data reveals six clusters (K = 6). Presumably, clustering reflects relatedness to R. petraeum, R. rubrum, R. vulgare var macrocarpum, R. multiflorum, R. vulgare, and Jonker van Tets. Based on genotyping data, F1 offspring of R. warscewiczs Jancz (cultivar Viksne), R. altissimum Turcz (Cirald), and R. palczewskii (Jancz.) Pojark (Skorospelaya) have not exhibited strict separation and were placed in a pool with other varieties. This supports modern taxonomic classifications that do not consider R. altissimum and R. palczewskii as independent species.
RESUMEN
Global climate change with the cyclicity of natural and climatic processes in the growing season of berry plants, causes weakening at the defense system to (a)biotic stressors, which actualize the need for accelerated cultivar-improving breeding. A new hybrid red currant material was obtained and studied by the method of interspecific hybridization. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between adaptively significant and economical and biological traits. To assess intergenotypic variability, hierarchical clustering was used according to the studied features, which allowed combining three standard methods of multidimensional data analysis. Genotypes adapted to different stressors were identified. The genotypes 271-58-24, 44-5-2, 261-65-19, and 'Jonkheer van Tets' were found to have a higher ratio of bound water to free water as compared with the others. Moreover, the genotypes of 271-58-24, 261-65-19, 77-1-47, and 'Jonkheer van Tets' were found to have less cold damage during the cold periods. The two most productive genotypes were found to be the genotypes 44-5-2, 143-23-35, and 1426-21-80. A dependence of yield on the beginning of differentiation of flower buds, which led to the abundance of flower inflorescences, was revealed. Rapid restoration of leaf hydration ensured successful adaptation of genotypes to the "temperature shock" of the growing season. The genotypes 271-58-24 and 'Jonkheer van Tets' were then observed to be far from the test traits and none of these traits were observed to characterize these two genotypes. The genotypes of 261-65-19 and 77-1-47 were then observed to be characterized by their high stability to Cecidophyopsis ribis scores. Genotypes 261-65-19 and 271-58-24, obtained with the participation of 'Jonkheer van Tets' as the maternal form, showed sufficient resistance to Pseudopeziza ribis and Cecidophyopsis ribis. Overall results suggested that the hydration recovery of red currant plants is significantly important for a yield improvement. A new cultivar 'Podarok Pobediteliam (genotype 44-5-2) was obtained that meets the requirements of intensive gardening and is characterized by high adaptability, productivity, and technological effectiveness.