RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: This article was designed to report the results of research on the effectiveness of the new original «reminder stickers¼ technique proposed by the authors for the management of the patients undergoing rehabilitation based on behavioral therapy. The essence of this technique consists of providing the patients with systematic reminders of the need to implement skills aimed at coping with maladaptive sensations that accompany anxiety disorders. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the «reminder stickers¼ technique for the formation of stable responses to the correction of the target clinical symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved 118 patients suffering from anxiety disorders allocated to two groups for comparison. Group 1 was comprised of the patients (n=76) given the reminders while group 2 contained those (n=42) not included in the system of «reminder stickers¼. The difference between the parameters of interest in the two groups was estimated with the use of Mann-Whitney and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: The analysis of diary records of the patients was used to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of maladaptive sensations that required the application of the appropriate behavioural skills and the frequency of the missed or delayed responses as well as the level of subjective satisfaction of the patients with the stability of the acquired skills. It was shown that the patients given «reminder stickers¼ significantly more frequently reported situations that required the application of the appropriate skills within the first week after the initiation of monitoring than the patients of group 2 (Ñ<0,0001). The frequency of the missed or delayed responses in these patients was significantly lower than in group 2 (Ñ<0,0001) whereas the degree of subjective satisfaction with the stability of the acquired skills was much higher (Ñ<0,0001). These differences persisted during week 2 after the onset of monitoring when the frequency of maladaptive sensations that required the application of the previously formed behavioural skills of therapeutic significance in the patients given «reminder stickers¼ remained lower than in the patients to whom no such «remainders¼ were provided (Ñ=0,001). The frequency of the missed or delayed responses in these patients decreased significantly in comparison with that in group 2 (Ñ<0,0001),) while the degree of subjective satisfaction of the patients with the stability of the acquired skills further increased (Ñ<0,0001). CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that inclusion of «reminder stickers¼ in the structure of cognitive-behavioral therapy at the stages of formation of the skills needed to cope with maladaptive sensations enhances the ability of the patients presenting with anxiety disorders to much more often timely identify situations that require the use of the appropriate behavioural skills and to apply them. It is concluded that the application of the original «reminder stickers¼ technique ensures an adequate response of the patients to maladaptive sensations that accompany anxiety disorders.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Ansiedad/rehabilitación , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Ajuste Emocional/fisiología , Adulto , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The authors present the results of the study on the semantic structure of adjectives in the framework of the linguistic image for the case of essential hypertension based on the corpus analysis of the co-occurrence range in the free textual descriptions of the clinical conditions by the patients. The data obtained can be used to more adequately interpret the patients' complaints for the better organization of psychological aid in the framework of medical rehabilitation of the patients included in the present study.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/psicología , Hipertensión/rehabilitación , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Lenguaje , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
This clinico-psychological study included 120 patients with early manifestations of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (CCVI) examined for the prognosis of the efficiency of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy (CBT). 30 patients participated in a course of biological feedback training (FBT), 30 were given cognitive therapy (CT), 30--cognitive hypnotherapy (CHT), and 30 basal therapy (BT) alone. The results were evaluated using the clinical scale for the assessment of psychopathological syndromes, MMPJ questionnaire data, Spielberg's anxiety scale, Beck depression scale, hostility scale, and Toronto alexithymia scale. The study showed high clinical efficiency of all CBT modalities used in the combined treatment of early CCVI. Predictors of FBT, CT, and CHT efficiency provide a basis for more differentiated psychotherapy of CCVI.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/terapia , Cognición/fisiología , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Emociones/fisiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/psicología , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
To assess efficacy of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in patients with initial hypertensive encephalopathy, we made a study including 65 neurological patients. Of them, 35 patients received basic therapy plus cognitive-behavioral therapy, 25 patients were given basic therapy only. The results of the study demonstrate high therapeutic efficacy of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in combined treatment of patients with initial hypertensive encephalopathy. The highest effect was shown in anxious symptoms and high critical attitude of the patients to their negative emotions.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Encefalopatía Hipertensiva/terapia , Adulto , Antihipertensivos/administración & dosificación , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Encefalopatía Hipertensiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Comprehensive investigations of 97 patients with incipient hypertension encephalopathologies were performed with the use of standard psychodiagnostic questionnaires and EEG. Topographic analysis of spectral power showed stable constellation of altered alpha- and beta-zones in the EEG parietal, temporal and occipital leads. Given the clinical implications of this finding, we can view it as a potential neurophysiological background for depression, and a "functional" phase in disease development.
Asunto(s)
Depresión/fisiopatología , Electroencefalografía , Encefalopatía Hipertensiva/epidemiología , Encefalopatía Hipertensiva/fisiopatología , Ritmo beta , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Lóbulo Occipital/fisiopatología , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
85 females with borderline mental disorders in essential hypertension were followed up for a month and 6 months after the treatment (hypotensive drugs + psychotherapy with biofeedback or hypotensive drugs only--45 patients and 40 controls, respectively). The addition of psychotherapy to hypotensive drugs contributed to a higher hypotensive effect, long-term improvement of psychic condition, more active attitude to the treatment process and psychic adaptation. Better quality of life was achieved.
Asunto(s)
Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/métodos , Hipertensión/rehabilitación , Psicoterapia/métodos , Adulto , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/instrumentación , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/rehabilitación , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicoterapia/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The radioisotope modeling of the processes of the release of leptospires into the soil and the daily measurements of the radiation doses revealed that leptospires were regularly added by individual carriers, as well as by a group of carriers, into common infected spots on the territory of the infection focus. The frequency with which leptospires were added by a carrier into different infected spots varied: during 7 days leptospires were added 7 times and more into 16% of the spots, up to 5 times into 49% of the spots; into 35% of the spots no leptospires were added. The microscopic and bacteriological methods of investigation demonstrated that the regular release of leptospires into the infected spots resulted in maintaining the concentration of leptospires at such spots and their infective capacity. The number and distribution of these spots determined the stability of the epizootic potential of the territory.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Leptospirosis/transmisión , Microbiología del Suelo , Animales , Arvicolinae/microbiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Portador Sano/orina , Vectores de Enfermedades , Leptospirosis/orina , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Leptospires released with a carrier's urine were found to inhabit the upper layer of the soil 1 cm deep at a radius of 1-2 cm from the place of their penetration into the soil. A sharp drop in the number of leptospires in the "infected spot" was shown to occur; in 6-12 hours their concentration became no different from that in the intact soil. Most of such spots retained their infective capacity for 6 hours (up to 2 days), though the presence of leptospires at low concentration was registered for 10 days (the term of observation). The infective capacity was probably maintained by the regular addition of leptospires with carriers' urine.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Leptospira/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Microbiología del Suelo , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Ecología , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Federación de Rusia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The number of L. hebdomadis and L. grippotyphosa in the body of tundra voles (Microtus oeconomicus) has been shown to be approximately 500-800 million; about 100 million of them are daily eliminated from the body of a vole with urine. About 70% of the total volume and separate portions of urine contain leptospires, a single portion of urine containing about 2 million microbial cells. These data have proved to be the same for both L. hebdomadis and L. grippotyphosa.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriuria , Portador Sano/microbiología , Leptospira/aislamiento & purificación , Roedores/microbiología , Animales , Diuresis , Ecología , Roedores/orinaRESUMEN
Field experiments with the use of radioisotope models have shown that urine containing leptospirae is regularly excreted in the same "infected spots" of the territory under study. For this reason, it is an increase in the frequency of Leptospira excretion in each "infected spot", rather than an increase in the number of such spots, which occurs in the course of the epizootic. To detect the "infected spots" on the experimental ground with the use of radioisotope models, the registration of such spots for 5-7 days is sufficient. The excretion of urine by animals in the "infected spots" has been shown to decrease the acidity of the soil, thus creating conditions favorable for the survival of leptospirae in the soil.