RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human hemoglobin (Hb) is a tetrameric metalloporphyrin. Heme part contains iron radicle and porphyrin. The globin part has pairs of amino-acid chains. Healthy adults have "Hemoglobin-A" made of two alpha and two beta chains (α2 ß2) while a newborn baby has "Hemoglobin-A (α2 ß2)" and "Hemoglobin-F (α2 γ2)". There are few reports about absorption spectrometry of Hb in cord blood. We have here compared absorption spectrum of Hb in cord blood and maternal blood samples (adult blood samples) together. OBJECTIVE: This was done in two parts. Part 1 was about studying absorption spectrum of Hb in cord blood and maternal blood. Part 2 was about developing a comprehensive noninvasive technology and using the same for measurement of Hb in mother (adult) and new-born baby. DESIGN: Observational study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Part 1. After IRB approval, 25 pregnant mothers enrolled for the study. Cord blood/neonatal blood samples were collected from placental end in ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) tube after the delivery of fetus and placenta (venous blood). Maternal blood was collected by peripheral venepuncture before delivery/labor. Part 2. Using noninvasive technology for measurement of Hb in mother (adult) and new-born baby. After the necessary approval five pairs of mother and new-born were enrolled in the study to measure Hb by noninvasive method using our novel device. The novel device (SH-1) uses electromagnetic radiations of specific wavelengths between 520 and 580 nm. Light was projected on forehead for a few seconds, operating the light sources one by one. Of the projected light, some was reflected by the recipient's skin. This optical signal was collected by photosensors and converted to electrical signals. After amplification, this was then transmitted to processor unit. Later, Hbs values are displayed. The results were then tallied with standard laboratory methods in clinical laboratory. RESULTS: Part 1. As expected in our study; all blood samples showed Soret band of same peak and wavelength. We expected different spikes corresponding to four globin chains namely alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. But interestingly, both neonatal and maternal blood samples had identical peaks. Part 2. The results appear promising. The Hb as measured by noninvasive method matches well with standard laboratory test. SIGNIFICANCE: The energy level of Hb is low in deoxygenated state compared to oxyhemoglobin. In a state of high energy level, alpha and beta and gamma globin chains show obvious different peaks. Since cord blood and maternal sample was obviously venous or in deoxygenated state with low energy level, single peak of absorption was observed for all three globin chains. Since maternal and cord blood showed similar absorption spectra, it was possible to develop a common method for estimation of biomarkers - Hb in adults and new-borns alike.
Asunto(s)
Hemoglobina Fetal , Hemoglobina A , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Sangre Fetal/química , Hemoglobina Fetal/análisis , Hemoglobina A/análisis , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Placenta/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Prehospital use of blood products may improve survival. However, transfusion support with frozen blood components is logistically burdensome and constrains the configuration of prehospital medical support. Alternatives to frozen plasma, including lyophilised plasma, offer the potential for advanced resuscitation in the prehospital environment. We describe the successful use of lyophilised plasma by a UK patrol in the prehospital environment during operations in Afghanistan in 2012 and reflect on recent military experience and the need for further developments.
Asunto(s)
Transfusión de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Hemorragia/terapia , Personal Militar , Plasma , Resucitación/métodos , Afganistán , Liofilización , Humanos , Reino Unido , Heridas por Arma de FuegoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine transfusion compatibility of maternal RBCs for her neonate up to 4 weeks of age, irrespective of maternal-neonatal ABO mismatch. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study involving eligible mothers with their neonates delivered in participating site from 1 July 2012 till 31 December 2012. Mother's blood was collected before child birth. Neonatal blood sample was collected from placental end, shortly after birth. Blood Groups of mother-baby pair were individually tested for ABO and Rh-D groups. Pairs with negative Rh-D antigen/s or with same ABO blood groups were excluded. Thus, 28 pairs with both maternal and neonatal samples positive for Rh-D antigen and with different maternal neonatal ABO blood groups were included in the study. Blood samples were collected at birth and at 4 weeks. Cross matching was done at birth and at 4 weeks for each pair with standard blood bank protocols. RESULTS: All 28 pairs showed positive compatibility with standard blood bank cross-matching protocols at birth and at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal blood irrespective of ABO compatibility might be a viable and potentially acceptable option for her new born baby in neonatal period. This may be especially important in developing world with limited blood bank resources.
Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/inmunología , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/inmunología , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/métodos , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/inmunología , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/sangre , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/diagnóstico , Tipificación y Pruebas Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Drug-induced dystonia may occur within minutes or hours of exposure to an inciting drug; it is seen with familial pattern and cannot be correlated with blood level of the drug.